Current File : //var/www/prestashop/vendor/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php
<?php

namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Query;

use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception;
use Doctrine\DBAL\ForwardCompatibility;
use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\CompositeExpression;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
use Doctrine\Deprecations\Deprecation;

use function array_filter;
use function array_key_exists;
use function array_keys;
use function array_unshift;
use function count;
use function func_get_args;
use function func_num_args;
use function implode;
use function is_array;
use function is_object;
use function key;
use function strtoupper;
use function substr;

/**
 * QueryBuilder class is responsible to dynamically create SQL queries.
 *
 * Important: Verify that every feature you use will work with your database vendor.
 * SQL Query Builder does not attempt to validate the generated SQL at all.
 *
 * The query builder does no validation whatsoever if certain features even work with the
 * underlying database vendor. Limit queries and joins are NOT applied to UPDATE and DELETE statements
 * even if some vendors such as MySQL support it.
 */
class QueryBuilder
{
    /*
     * The query types.
     */
    public const SELECT = 0;
    public const DELETE = 1;
    public const UPDATE = 2;
    public const INSERT = 3;

    /*
     * The builder states.
     */
    public const STATE_DIRTY = 0;
    public const STATE_CLEAN = 1;

    /**
     * The DBAL Connection.
     *
     * @var Connection
     */
    private $connection;

    /*
     * The default values of SQL parts collection
     */
    private const SQL_PARTS_DEFAULTS = [
        'select'   => [],
        'distinct' => false,
        'from'     => [],
        'join'     => [],
        'set'      => [],
        'where'    => null,
        'groupBy'  => [],
        'having'   => null,
        'orderBy'  => [],
        'values'   => [],
    ];

    /**
     * The array of SQL parts collected.
     *
     * @var mixed[]
     */
    private $sqlParts = self::SQL_PARTS_DEFAULTS;

    /**
     * The complete SQL string for this query.
     *
     * @var string|null
     */
    private $sql;

    /**
     * The query parameters.
     *
     * @var array<int, mixed>|array<string, mixed>
     */
    private $params = [];

    /**
     * The parameter type map of this query.
     *
     * @var array<int, int|string|Type|null>|array<string, int|string|Type|null>
     */
    private $paramTypes = [];

    /**
     * The type of query this is. Can be select, update or delete.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    private $type = self::SELECT;

    /**
     * The state of the query object. Can be dirty or clean.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    private $state = self::STATE_CLEAN;

    /**
     * The index of the first result to retrieve.
     *
     * @var int
     */
    private $firstResult = 0;

    /**
     * The maximum number of results to retrieve or NULL to retrieve all results.
     *
     * @var int|null
     */
    private $maxResults;

    /**
     * The counter of bound parameters used with {@see bindValue).
     *
     * @var int
     */
    private $boundCounter = 0;

    /**
     * Initializes a new <tt>QueryBuilder</tt>.
     *
     * @param Connection $connection The DBAL Connection.
     */
    public function __construct(Connection $connection)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
    }

    /**
     * Gets an ExpressionBuilder used for object-oriented construction of query expressions.
     * This producer method is intended for convenient inline usage. Example:
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->where($qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 1));
     * </code>
     *
     * For more complex expression construction, consider storing the expression
     * builder object in a local variable.
     *
     * @return ExpressionBuilder
     */
    public function expr()
    {
        return $this->connection->getExpressionBuilder();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the type of the currently built query.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function getType()
    {
        return $this->type;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the associated DBAL Connection for this query builder.
     *
     * @return Connection
     */
    public function getConnection()
    {
        return $this->connection;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the state of this query builder instance.
     *
     * @return int Either QueryBuilder::STATE_DIRTY or QueryBuilder::STATE_CLEAN.
     */
    public function getState()
    {
        return $this->state;
    }

    /**
     * Executes this query using the bound parameters and their types.
     *
     * @return ForwardCompatibility\Result|int|string
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function execute()
    {
        if ($this->type === self::SELECT) {
            return ForwardCompatibility\Result::ensure(
                $this->connection->executeQuery($this->getSQL(), $this->params, $this->paramTypes)
            );
        }

        return $this->connection->executeStatement($this->getSQL(), $this->params, $this->paramTypes);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the complete SQL string formed by the current specifications of this QueryBuilder.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $em->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u')
     *         ->from('User', 'u')
     *     echo $qb->getSQL(); // SELECT u FROM User u
     * </code>
     *
     * @return string The SQL query string.
     */
    public function getSQL()
    {
        if ($this->sql !== null && $this->state === self::STATE_CLEAN) {
            return $this->sql;
        }

        switch ($this->type) {
            case self::INSERT:
                $sql = $this->getSQLForInsert();
                break;

            case self::DELETE:
                $sql = $this->getSQLForDelete();
                break;

            case self::UPDATE:
                $sql = $this->getSQLForUpdate();
                break;

            case self::SELECT:
            default:
                $sql = $this->getSQLForSelect();
                break;
        }

        $this->state = self::STATE_CLEAN;
        $this->sql   = $sql;

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Sets a query parameter for the query being constructed.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->where('u.id = :user_id')
     *         ->setParameter(':user_id', 1);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param int|string           $key   Parameter position or name
     * @param mixed                $value Parameter value
     * @param int|string|Type|null $type  Parameter type
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function setParameter($key, $value, $type = null)
    {
        if ($type !== null) {
            $this->paramTypes[$key] = $type;
        }

        $this->params[$key] = $value;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sets a collection of query parameters for the query being constructed.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->where('u.id = :user_id1 OR u.id = :user_id2')
     *         ->setParameters(array(
     *             ':user_id1' => 1,
     *             ':user_id2' => 2
     *         ));
     * </code>
     *
     * @param array<int, mixed>|array<string, mixed>                               $params Parameters to set
     * @param array<int, int|string|Type|null>|array<string, int|string|Type|null> $types  Parameter types
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function setParameters(array $params, array $types = [])
    {
        $this->paramTypes = $types;
        $this->params     = $params;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Gets all defined query parameters for the query being constructed indexed by parameter index or name.
     *
     * @return array<int, mixed>|array<string, mixed> The currently defined query parameters
     */
    public function getParameters()
    {
        return $this->params;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a (previously set) query parameter of the query being constructed.
     *
     * @param mixed $key The key (index or name) of the bound parameter.
     *
     * @return mixed The value of the bound parameter.
     */
    public function getParameter($key)
    {
        return $this->params[$key] ?? null;
    }

    /**
     * Gets all defined query parameter types for the query being constructed indexed by parameter index or name.
     *
     * @return array<int, int|string|Type|null>|array<string, int|string|Type|null> The currently defined
     *                                                                              query parameter types
     */
    public function getParameterTypes()
    {
        return $this->paramTypes;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a (previously set) query parameter type of the query being constructed.
     *
     * @param int|string $key The key of the bound parameter type
     *
     * @return int|string|Type|null The value of the bound parameter type
     */
    public function getParameterType($key)
    {
        return $this->paramTypes[$key] ?? null;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the position of the first result to retrieve (the "offset").
     *
     * @param int $firstResult The first result to return.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function setFirstResult($firstResult)
    {
        $this->state       = self::STATE_DIRTY;
        $this->firstResult = $firstResult;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the position of the first result the query object was set to retrieve (the "offset").
     *
     * @return int The position of the first result.
     */
    public function getFirstResult()
    {
        return $this->firstResult;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the maximum number of results to retrieve (the "limit").
     *
     * @param int|null $maxResults The maximum number of results to retrieve or NULL to retrieve all results.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function setMaxResults($maxResults)
    {
        $this->state      = self::STATE_DIRTY;
        $this->maxResults = $maxResults;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the maximum number of results the query object was set to retrieve (the "limit").
     * Returns NULL if all results will be returned.
     *
     * @return int|null The maximum number of results.
     */
    public function getMaxResults()
    {
        return $this->maxResults;
    }

    /**
     * Either appends to or replaces a single, generic query part.
     *
     * The available parts are: 'select', 'from', 'set', 'where',
     * 'groupBy', 'having' and 'orderBy'.
     *
     * @param string $sqlPartName
     * @param mixed  $sqlPart
     * @param bool   $append
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function add($sqlPartName, $sqlPart, $append = false)
    {
        $isArray    = is_array($sqlPart);
        $isMultiple = is_array($this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName]);

        if ($isMultiple && ! $isArray) {
            $sqlPart = [$sqlPart];
        }

        $this->state = self::STATE_DIRTY;

        if ($append) {
            if (
                $sqlPartName === 'orderBy'
                || $sqlPartName === 'groupBy'
                || $sqlPartName === 'select'
                || $sqlPartName === 'set'
            ) {
                foreach ($sqlPart as $part) {
                    $this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName][] = $part;
                }
            } elseif ($isArray && is_array($sqlPart[key($sqlPart)])) {
                $key                                  = key($sqlPart);
                $this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName][$key][] = $sqlPart[$key];
            } elseif ($isMultiple) {
                $this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName][] = $sqlPart;
            } else {
                $this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName] = $sqlPart;
            }

            return $this;
        }

        $this->sqlParts[$sqlPartName] = $sqlPart;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies an item that is to be returned in the query result.
     * Replaces any previously specified selections, if any.
     *
     * USING AN ARRAY ARGUMENT IS DEPRECATED. Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.id', 'p.id')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->leftJoin('u', 'phonenumbers', 'p', 'u.id = p.user_id');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string|string[]|null $select The selection expression. USING AN ARRAY OR NULL IS DEPRECATED.
     *                                     Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function select($select = null/*, string ...$selects*/)
    {
        $this->type = self::SELECT;

        if (empty($select)) {
            return $this;
        }

        if (is_array($select)) {
            Deprecation::trigger(
                'doctrine/dbal',
                'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/3837',
                'Passing an array for the first argument to QueryBuilder::select is deprecated, ' .
                'pass each value as an individual variadic argument instead.'
            );
        }

        $selects = is_array($select) ? $select : func_get_args();

        return $this->add('select', $selects);
    }

    /**
     * Adds DISTINCT to the query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.id')
     *         ->distinct()
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     * </code>
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function distinct(): self
    {
        $this->sqlParts['distinct'] = true;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an item that is to be returned in the query result.
     *
     * USING AN ARRAY ARGUMENT IS DEPRECATED. Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.id')
     *         ->addSelect('p.id')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->leftJoin('u', 'phonenumbers', 'u.id = p.user_id');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string|string[]|null $select The selection expression. USING AN ARRAY OR NULL IS DEPRECATED.
     *                                     Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function addSelect($select = null/*, string ...$selects*/)
    {
        $this->type = self::SELECT;

        if (empty($select)) {
            return $this;
        }

        if (is_array($select)) {
            Deprecation::trigger(
                'doctrine/dbal',
                'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/3837',
                'Passing an array for the first argument to QueryBuilder::addSelect is deprecated, ' .
                'pass each value as an individual variadic argument instead.'
            );
        }

        $selects = is_array($select) ? $select : func_get_args();

        return $this->add('select', $selects, true);
    }

    /**
     * Turns the query being built into a bulk delete query that ranges over
     * a certain table.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->delete('users', 'u')
     *         ->where('u.id = :user_id')
     *         ->setParameter(':user_id', 1);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $delete The table whose rows are subject to the deletion.
     * @param string $alias  The table alias used in the constructed query.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function delete($delete = null, $alias = null)
    {
        $this->type = self::DELETE;

        if (! $delete) {
            return $this;
        }

        return $this->add('from', [
            'table' => $delete,
            'alias' => $alias,
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Turns the query being built into a bulk update query that ranges over
     * a certain table
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->update('counters', 'c')
     *         ->set('c.value', 'c.value + 1')
     *         ->where('c.id = ?');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $update The table whose rows are subject to the update.
     * @param string $alias  The table alias used in the constructed query.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function update($update = null, $alias = null)
    {
        $this->type = self::UPDATE;

        if (! $update) {
            return $this;
        }

        return $this->add('from', [
            'table' => $update,
            'alias' => $alias,
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Turns the query being built into an insert query that inserts into
     * a certain table
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->insert('users')
     *         ->values(
     *             array(
     *                 'name' => '?',
     *                 'password' => '?'
     *             )
     *         );
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $insert The table into which the rows should be inserted.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function insert($insert = null)
    {
        $this->type = self::INSERT;

        if (! $insert) {
            return $this;
        }

        return $this->add('from', ['table' => $insert]);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and adds a query root corresponding to the table identified by the
     * given alias, forming a cartesian product with any existing query roots.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.id')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string      $from  The table.
     * @param string|null $alias The alias of the table.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function from($from, $alias = null)
    {
        return $this->add('from', [
            'table' => $from,
            'alias' => $alias,
        ], true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and adds a join to the query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->join('u', 'phonenumbers', 'p', 'p.is_primary = 1');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $fromAlias The alias that points to a from clause.
     * @param string $join      The table name to join.
     * @param string $alias     The alias of the join table.
     * @param string $condition The condition for the join.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function join($fromAlias, $join, $alias, $condition = null)
    {
        return $this->innerJoin($fromAlias, $join, $alias, $condition);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and adds a join to the query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->innerJoin('u', 'phonenumbers', 'p', 'p.is_primary = 1');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $fromAlias The alias that points to a from clause.
     * @param string $join      The table name to join.
     * @param string $alias     The alias of the join table.
     * @param string $condition The condition for the join.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function innerJoin($fromAlias, $join, $alias, $condition = null)
    {
        return $this->add('join', [
            $fromAlias => [
                'joinType'      => 'inner',
                'joinTable'     => $join,
                'joinAlias'     => $alias,
                'joinCondition' => $condition,
            ],
        ], true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and adds a left join to the query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->leftJoin('u', 'phonenumbers', 'p', 'p.is_primary = 1');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $fromAlias The alias that points to a from clause.
     * @param string $join      The table name to join.
     * @param string $alias     The alias of the join table.
     * @param string $condition The condition for the join.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function leftJoin($fromAlias, $join, $alias, $condition = null)
    {
        return $this->add('join', [
            $fromAlias => [
                'joinType'      => 'left',
                'joinTable'     => $join,
                'joinAlias'     => $alias,
                'joinCondition' => $condition,
            ],
        ], true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates and adds a right join to the query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->rightJoin('u', 'phonenumbers', 'p', 'p.is_primary = 1');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $fromAlias The alias that points to a from clause.
     * @param string $join      The table name to join.
     * @param string $alias     The alias of the join table.
     * @param string $condition The condition for the join.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function rightJoin($fromAlias, $join, $alias, $condition = null)
    {
        return $this->add('join', [
            $fromAlias => [
                'joinType'      => 'right',
                'joinTable'     => $join,
                'joinAlias'     => $alias,
                'joinCondition' => $condition,
            ],
        ], true);
    }

    /**
     * Sets a new value for a column in a bulk update query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->update('counters', 'c')
     *         ->set('c.value', 'c.value + 1')
     *         ->where('c.id = ?');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $key   The column to set.
     * @param string $value The value, expression, placeholder, etc.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function set($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->add('set', $key . ' = ' . $value, true);
    }

    /**
     * Specifies one or more restrictions to the query result.
     * Replaces any previously specified restrictions, if any.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('c.value')
     *         ->from('counters', 'c')
     *         ->where('c.id = ?');
     *
     *     // You can optionally programatically build and/or expressions
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder();
     *
     *     $or = $qb->expr()->orx();
     *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('c.id', 1));
     *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('c.id', 2));
     *
     *     $qb->update('counters', 'c')
     *         ->set('c.value', 'c.value + 1')
     *         ->where($or);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param mixed $predicates The restriction predicates.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function where($predicates)
    {
        if (! (func_num_args() === 1 && $predicates instanceof CompositeExpression)) {
            $predicates = CompositeExpression::and(...func_get_args());
        }

        return $this->add('where', $predicates);
    }

    /**
     * Adds one or more restrictions to the query results, forming a logical
     * conjunction with any previously specified restrictions.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->where('u.username LIKE ?')
     *         ->andWhere('u.is_active = 1');
     * </code>
     *
     * @see where()
     *
     * @param mixed $where The query restrictions.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function andWhere($where)
    {
        $args  = func_get_args();
        $args  = array_filter($args); // https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4282
        $where = $this->getQueryPart('where');

        if ($where instanceof CompositeExpression && $where->getType() === CompositeExpression::TYPE_AND) {
            if (count($args) > 0) {
                $where = $where->with(...$args);
            }
        } else {
            array_unshift($args, $where);
            $where = CompositeExpression::and(...$args);
        }

        return $this->add('where', $where, true);
    }

    /**
     * Adds one or more restrictions to the query results, forming a logical
     * disjunction with any previously specified restrictions.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $em->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->where('u.id = 1')
     *         ->orWhere('u.id = 2');
     * </code>
     *
     * @see where()
     *
     * @param mixed $where The WHERE statement.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function orWhere($where)
    {
        $args  = func_get_args();
        $args  = array_filter($args); // https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4282
        $where = $this->getQueryPart('where');

        if ($where instanceof CompositeExpression && $where->getType() === CompositeExpression::TYPE_OR) {
            if (count($args) > 0) {
                $where = $where->with(...$args);
            }
        } else {
            array_unshift($args, $where);
            $where = CompositeExpression::or(...$args);
        }

        return $this->add('where', $where, true);
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a grouping over the results of the query.
     * Replaces any previously specified groupings, if any.
     *
     * USING AN ARRAY ARGUMENT IS DEPRECATED. Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->groupBy('u.id');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string|string[] $groupBy The grouping expression. USING AN ARRAY IS DEPRECATED.
     *                                 Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function groupBy($groupBy/*, string ...$groupBys*/)
    {
        if (empty($groupBy)) {
            return $this;
        }

        if (is_array($groupBy)) {
            Deprecation::trigger(
                'doctrine/dbal',
                'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/3837',
                'Passing an array for the first argument to QueryBuilder::groupBy is deprecated, ' .
                'pass each value as an individual variadic argument instead.'
            );
        }

        $groupBy = is_array($groupBy) ? $groupBy : func_get_args();

        return $this->add('groupBy', $groupBy, false);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a grouping expression to the query.
     *
     * USING AN ARRAY ARGUMENT IS DEPRECATED. Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->select('u.name')
     *         ->from('users', 'u')
     *         ->groupBy('u.lastLogin')
     *         ->addGroupBy('u.createdAt');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string|string[] $groupBy The grouping expression. USING AN ARRAY IS DEPRECATED.
     *                                 Pass each value as an individual argument.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function addGroupBy($groupBy/*, string ...$groupBys*/)
    {
        if (empty($groupBy)) {
            return $this;
        }

        if (is_array($groupBy)) {
            Deprecation::trigger(
                'doctrine/dbal',
                'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/3837',
                'Passing an array for the first argument to QueryBuilder::addGroupBy is deprecated, ' .
                'pass each value as an individual variadic argument instead.'
            );
        }

        $groupBy = is_array($groupBy) ? $groupBy : func_get_args();

        return $this->add('groupBy', $groupBy, true);
    }

    /**
     * Sets a value for a column in an insert query.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->insert('users')
     *         ->values(
     *             array(
     *                 'name' => '?'
     *             )
     *         )
     *         ->setValue('password', '?');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $column The column into which the value should be inserted.
     * @param string $value  The value that should be inserted into the column.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function setValue($column, $value)
    {
        $this->sqlParts['values'][$column] = $value;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies values for an insert query indexed by column names.
     * Replaces any previous values, if any.
     *
     * <code>
     *     $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder()
     *         ->insert('users')
     *         ->values(
     *             array(
     *                 'name' => '?',
     *                 'password' => '?'
     *             )
     *         );
     * </code>
     *
     * @param mixed[] $values The values to specify for the insert query indexed by column names.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function values(array $values)
    {
        return $this->add('values', $values);
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a restriction over the groups of the query.
     * Replaces any previous having restrictions, if any.
     *
     * @param mixed $having The restriction over the groups.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function having($having)
    {
        if (! (func_num_args() === 1 && $having instanceof CompositeExpression)) {
            $having = CompositeExpression::and(...func_get_args());
        }

        return $this->add('having', $having);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a restriction over the groups of the query, forming a logical
     * conjunction with any existing having restrictions.
     *
     * @param mixed $having The restriction to append.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function andHaving($having)
    {
        $args   = func_get_args();
        $args   = array_filter($args); // https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4282
        $having = $this->getQueryPart('having');

        if ($having instanceof CompositeExpression && $having->getType() === CompositeExpression::TYPE_AND) {
            $having = $having->with(...$args);
        } else {
            array_unshift($args, $having);
            $having = CompositeExpression::and(...$args);
        }

        return $this->add('having', $having);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a restriction over the groups of the query, forming a logical
     * disjunction with any existing having restrictions.
     *
     * @param mixed $having The restriction to add.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function orHaving($having)
    {
        $args   = func_get_args();
        $args   = array_filter($args); // https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4282
        $having = $this->getQueryPart('having');

        if ($having instanceof CompositeExpression && $having->getType() === CompositeExpression::TYPE_OR) {
            $having = $having->with(...$args);
        } else {
            array_unshift($args, $having);
            $having = CompositeExpression::or(...$args);
        }

        return $this->add('having', $having);
    }

    /**
     * Specifies an ordering for the query results.
     * Replaces any previously specified orderings, if any.
     *
     * @param string $sort  The ordering expression.
     * @param string $order The ordering direction.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function orderBy($sort, $order = null)
    {
        return $this->add('orderBy', $sort . ' ' . (! $order ? 'ASC' : $order), false);
    }

    /**
     * Adds an ordering to the query results.
     *
     * @param string $sort  The ordering expression.
     * @param string $order The ordering direction.
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function addOrderBy($sort, $order = null)
    {
        return $this->add('orderBy', $sort . ' ' . (! $order ? 'ASC' : $order), true);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a query part by its name.
     *
     * @param string $queryPartName
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getQueryPart($queryPartName)
    {
        return $this->sqlParts[$queryPartName];
    }

    /**
     * Gets all query parts.
     *
     * @return mixed[]
     */
    public function getQueryParts()
    {
        return $this->sqlParts;
    }

    /**
     * Resets SQL parts.
     *
     * @param string[]|null $queryPartNames
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function resetQueryParts($queryPartNames = null)
    {
        if ($queryPartNames === null) {
            $queryPartNames = array_keys($this->sqlParts);
        }

        foreach ($queryPartNames as $queryPartName) {
            $this->resetQueryPart($queryPartName);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Resets a single SQL part.
     *
     * @param string $queryPartName
     *
     * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
     */
    public function resetQueryPart($queryPartName)
    {
        $this->sqlParts[$queryPartName] = self::SQL_PARTS_DEFAULTS[$queryPartName];

        $this->state = self::STATE_DIRTY;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws QueryException
     */
    private function getSQLForSelect()
    {
        $query = 'SELECT ' . ($this->sqlParts['distinct'] ? 'DISTINCT ' : '') .
                  implode(', ', $this->sqlParts['select']);

        $query .= ($this->sqlParts['from'] ? ' FROM ' . implode(', ', $this->getFromClauses()) : '')
            . ($this->sqlParts['where'] !== null ? ' WHERE ' . ((string) $this->sqlParts['where']) : '')
            . ($this->sqlParts['groupBy'] ? ' GROUP BY ' . implode(', ', $this->sqlParts['groupBy']) : '')
            . ($this->sqlParts['having'] !== null ? ' HAVING ' . ((string) $this->sqlParts['having']) : '')
            . ($this->sqlParts['orderBy'] ? ' ORDER BY ' . implode(', ', $this->sqlParts['orderBy']) : '');

        if ($this->isLimitQuery()) {
            return $this->connection->getDatabasePlatform()->modifyLimitQuery(
                $query,
                $this->maxResults,
                $this->firstResult
            );
        }

        return $query;
    }

    /**
     * @return string[]
     */
    private function getFromClauses()
    {
        $fromClauses  = [];
        $knownAliases = [];

        // Loop through all FROM clauses
        foreach ($this->sqlParts['from'] as $from) {
            if ($from['alias'] === null) {
                $tableSql       = $from['table'];
                $tableReference = $from['table'];
            } else {
                $tableSql       = $from['table'] . ' ' . $from['alias'];
                $tableReference = $from['alias'];
            }

            $knownAliases[$tableReference] = true;

            $fromClauses[$tableReference] = $tableSql . $this->getSQLForJoins($tableReference, $knownAliases);
        }

        $this->verifyAllAliasesAreKnown($knownAliases);

        return $fromClauses;
    }

    /**
     * @param array<string,true> $knownAliases
     *
     * @throws QueryException
     */
    private function verifyAllAliasesAreKnown(array $knownAliases): void
    {
        foreach ($this->sqlParts['join'] as $fromAlias => $joins) {
            if (! isset($knownAliases[$fromAlias])) {
                throw QueryException::unknownAlias($fromAlias, array_keys($knownAliases));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return bool
     */
    private function isLimitQuery()
    {
        return $this->maxResults !== null || $this->firstResult !== 0;
    }

    /**
     * Converts this instance into an INSERT string in SQL.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function getSQLForInsert()
    {
        return 'INSERT INTO ' . $this->sqlParts['from']['table'] .
        ' (' . implode(', ', array_keys($this->sqlParts['values'])) . ')' .
        ' VALUES(' . implode(', ', $this->sqlParts['values']) . ')';
    }

    /**
     * Converts this instance into an UPDATE string in SQL.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function getSQLForUpdate()
    {
        $table = $this->sqlParts['from']['table']
            . ($this->sqlParts['from']['alias'] ? ' ' . $this->sqlParts['from']['alias'] : '');

        return 'UPDATE ' . $table
            . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $this->sqlParts['set'])
            . ($this->sqlParts['where'] !== null ? ' WHERE ' . ((string) $this->sqlParts['where']) : '');
    }

    /**
     * Converts this instance into a DELETE string in SQL.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function getSQLForDelete()
    {
        $table = $this->sqlParts['from']['table']
            . ($this->sqlParts['from']['alias'] ? ' ' . $this->sqlParts['from']['alias'] : '');

        return 'DELETE FROM ' . $table
            . ($this->sqlParts['where'] !== null ? ' WHERE ' . ((string) $this->sqlParts['where']) : '');
    }

    /**
     * Gets a string representation of this QueryBuilder which corresponds to
     * the final SQL query being constructed.
     *
     * @return string The string representation of this QueryBuilder.
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return $this->getSQL();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new named parameter and bind the value $value to it.
     *
     * This method provides a shortcut for PDOStatement::bindValue
     * when using prepared statements.
     *
     * The parameter $value specifies the value that you want to bind. If
     * $placeholder is not provided bindValue() will automatically create a
     * placeholder for you. An automatic placeholder will be of the name
     * ':dcValue1', ':dcValue2' etc.
     *
     * For more information see {@link http://php.net/pdostatement-bindparam}
     *
     * Example:
     * <code>
     * $value = 2;
     * $q->eq( 'id', $q->bindValue( $value ) );
     * $stmt = $q->executeQuery(); // executed with 'id = 2'
     * </code>
     *
     * @link http://www.zetacomponents.org
     *
     * @param mixed                $value
     * @param int|string|Type|null $type
     * @param string               $placeHolder The name to bind with. The string must start with a colon ':'.
     *
     * @return string the placeholder name used.
     */
    public function createNamedParameter($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $placeHolder = null)
    {
        if ($placeHolder === null) {
            $this->boundCounter++;
            $placeHolder = ':dcValue' . $this->boundCounter;
        }

        $this->setParameter(substr($placeHolder, 1), $value, $type);

        return $placeHolder;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new positional parameter and bind the given value to it.
     *
     * Attention: If you are using positional parameters with the query builder you have
     * to be very careful to bind all parameters in the order they appear in the SQL
     * statement , otherwise they get bound in the wrong order which can lead to serious
     * bugs in your code.
     *
     * Example:
     * <code>
     *  $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder();
     *  $qb->select('u.*')
     *     ->from('users', 'u')
     *     ->where('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Foo', ParameterType::STRING))
     *     ->orWhere('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Bar', ParameterType::STRING))
     * </code>
     *
     * @param mixed                $value
     * @param int|string|Type|null $type
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function createPositionalParameter($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
    {
        $this->boundCounter++;
        $this->setParameter($this->boundCounter, $value, $type);

        return '?';
    }

    /**
     * @param string             $fromAlias
     * @param array<string,true> $knownAliases
     *
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws QueryException
     */
    private function getSQLForJoins($fromAlias, array &$knownAliases)
    {
        $sql = '';

        if (isset($this->sqlParts['join'][$fromAlias])) {
            foreach ($this->sqlParts['join'][$fromAlias] as $join) {
                if (array_key_exists($join['joinAlias'], $knownAliases)) {
                    throw QueryException::nonUniqueAlias($join['joinAlias'], array_keys($knownAliases));
                }

                $sql .= ' ' . strtoupper($join['joinType'])
                    . ' JOIN ' . $join['joinTable'] . ' ' . $join['joinAlias'];
                if ($join['joinCondition'] !== null) {
                    $sql .= ' ON ' . $join['joinCondition'];
                }

                $knownAliases[$join['joinAlias']] = true;
            }

            foreach ($this->sqlParts['join'][$fromAlias] as $join) {
                $sql .= $this->getSQLForJoins($join['joinAlias'], $knownAliases);
            }
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Deep clone of all expression objects in the SQL parts.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __clone()
    {
        foreach ($this->sqlParts as $part => $elements) {
            if (is_array($this->sqlParts[$part])) {
                foreach ($this->sqlParts[$part] as $idx => $element) {
                    if (! is_object($element)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $this->sqlParts[$part][$idx] = clone $element;
                }
            } elseif (is_object($elements)) {
                $this->sqlParts[$part] = clone $elements;
            }
        }

        foreach ($this->params as $name => $param) {
            if (! is_object($param)) {
                continue;
            }

            $this->params[$name] = clone $param;
        }
    }
}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

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