Current File : //proc/self/root/usr/share/perl/5.38.2/Test2/Hub.pm
package Test2::Hub;
use strict;
use warnings;

our $VERSION = '1.302194';


use Carp qw/carp croak confess/;
use Test2::Util qw/get_tid gen_uid/;

use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
use List::Util qw/first/;

use Test2::Util::ExternalMeta qw/meta get_meta set_meta delete_meta/;
use Test2::Util::HashBase qw{
    pid tid hid ipc
    nested buffered
    no_ending
    _filters
    _pre_filters
    _listeners
    _follow_ups
    _formatter
    _context_acquire
    _context_init
    _context_release

    uuid
    active
    count
    failed
    ended
    bailed_out
    _passing
    _plan
    skip_reason
};

my $UUID_VIA;

sub init {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->{+PID} = $$;
    $self->{+TID} = get_tid();
    $self->{+HID} = gen_uid();

    $UUID_VIA ||= Test2::API::_add_uuid_via_ref();
    $self->{+UUID} = ${$UUID_VIA}->('hub') if $$UUID_VIA;

    $self->{+NESTED}   = 0 unless defined $self->{+NESTED};
    $self->{+BUFFERED} = 0 unless defined $self->{+BUFFERED};

    $self->{+COUNT}    = 0;
    $self->{+FAILED}   = 0;
    $self->{+_PASSING} = 1;

    if (my $formatter = delete $self->{formatter}) {
        $self->format($formatter);
    }

    if (my $ipc = $self->{+IPC}) {
        $ipc->add_hub($self->{+HID});
    }
}

sub is_subtest { 0 }

sub _tb_reset {
    my $self = shift;

    # Nothing to do
    return if $self->{+PID} == $$ && $self->{+TID} == get_tid();

    $self->{+PID} = $$;
    $self->{+TID} = get_tid();
    $self->{+HID} = gen_uid();

    if (my $ipc = $self->{+IPC}) {
        $ipc->add_hub($self->{+HID});
    }
}

sub reset_state {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->{+COUNT} = 0;
    $self->{+FAILED} = 0;
    $self->{+_PASSING} = 1;

    delete $self->{+_PLAN};
    delete $self->{+ENDED};
    delete $self->{+BAILED_OUT};
    delete $self->{+SKIP_REASON};
}

sub inherit {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($from, %params) = @_;

    $self->{+NESTED} ||= 0;

    $self->{+_FORMATTER} = $from->{+_FORMATTER}
        unless $self->{+_FORMATTER} || exists($params{formatter});

    if ($from->{+IPC} && !$self->{+IPC} && !exists($params{ipc})) {
        my $ipc = $from->{+IPC};
        $self->{+IPC} = $ipc;
        $ipc->add_hub($self->{+HID});
    }

    if (my $ls = $from->{+_LISTENERS}) {
        push @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}} => grep { $_->{inherit} } @$ls;
    }

    if (my $pfs = $from->{+_PRE_FILTERS}) {
        push @{$self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}} => grep { $_->{inherit} } @$pfs;
    }

    if (my $fs = $from->{+_FILTERS}) {
        push @{$self->{+_FILTERS}} => grep { $_->{inherit} } @$fs;
    }
}

sub format {
    my $self = shift;

    my $old = $self->{+_FORMATTER};
    ($self->{+_FORMATTER}) = @_ if @_;

    return $old;
}

sub is_local {
    my $self = shift;
    return $$ == $self->{+PID}
        && get_tid() == $self->{+TID};
}

sub listen {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub, %params) = @_;

    carp "Useless addition of a listener in a child process or thread!"
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};

    croak "listen only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}} => { %params, code => $sub };

    $sub; # Intentional return.
}

sub unlisten {
    my $self = shift;

    carp "Useless removal of a listener in a child process or thread!"
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};

    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;

    @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}} = grep { !$subs{$_->{code}} } @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}};
}

sub filter {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub, %params) = @_;

    carp "Useless addition of a filter in a child process or thread!"
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};

    croak "filter only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_FILTERS}} => { %params, code => $sub };

    $sub; # Intentional Return
}

sub unfilter {
    my $self = shift;
    carp "Useless removal of a filter in a child process or thread!"
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};
    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;
    @{$self->{+_FILTERS}} = grep { !$subs{$_->{code}} } @{$self->{+_FILTERS}};
}

sub pre_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub, %params) = @_;

    croak "pre_filter only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}} => { %params, code => $sub };

    $sub; # Intentional Return
}

sub pre_unfilter {
    my $self = shift;
    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;
    @{$self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}} = grep { !$subs{$_->{code}} } @{$self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}};
}

sub follow_up {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub) = @_;

    carp "Useless addition of a follow-up in a child process or thread!"
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};

    croak "follow_up only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_FOLLOW_UPS}} => $sub;
}

*add_context_aquire = \&add_context_acquire;
sub add_context_acquire {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub) = @_;

    croak "add_context_acquire only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_ACQUIRE}} => $sub;

    $sub; # Intentional return.
}

*remove_context_aquire = \&remove_context_acquire;
sub remove_context_acquire {
    my $self = shift;
    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;
    @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_ACQUIRE}} = grep { !$subs{$_} == $_ } @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_ACQUIRE}};
}

sub add_context_init {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub) = @_;

    croak "add_context_init only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_INIT}} => $sub;

    $sub; # Intentional return.
}

sub remove_context_init {
    my $self = shift;
    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;
    @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_INIT}} = grep { !$subs{$_} == $_ } @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_INIT}};
}

sub add_context_release {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($sub) = @_;

    croak "add_context_release only takes coderefs for arguments, got '$sub'"
        unless ref $sub && ref $sub eq 'CODE';

    push @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_RELEASE}} => $sub;

    $sub; # Intentional return.
}

sub remove_context_release {
    my $self = shift;
    my %subs = map {$_ => $_} @_;
    @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_RELEASE}} = grep { !$subs{$_} == $_ } @{$self->{+_CONTEXT_RELEASE}};
}

sub send {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($e) = @_;

    $e->eid;

    $e->add_hub(
        {
            details => ref($self),

            buffered => $self->{+BUFFERED},
            hid      => $self->{+HID},
            nested   => $self->{+NESTED},
            pid      => $self->{+PID},
            tid      => $self->{+TID},
            uuid     => $self->{+UUID},

            ipc => $self->{+IPC} ? 1 : 0,
        }
    );

    $e->set_uuid(${$UUID_VIA}->('event')) if $$UUID_VIA;

    if ($self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}) {
        for (@{$self->{+_PRE_FILTERS}}) {
            $e = $_->{code}->($self, $e);
            return unless $e;
        }
    }

    my $ipc = $self->{+IPC} || return $self->process($e);

    if($e->global) {
        $ipc->send($self->{+HID}, $e, 'GLOBAL');
        return $self->process($e);
    }

    return $ipc->send($self->{+HID}, $e)
        if $$ != $self->{+PID} || get_tid() != $self->{+TID};

    $self->process($e);
}

sub process {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($e) = @_;

    if ($self->{+_FILTERS}) {
        for (@{$self->{+_FILTERS}}) {
            $e = $_->{code}->($self, $e);
            return unless $e;
        }
    }

    # Optimize the most common case
    my $type = ref($e);
    if ($type eq 'Test2::Event::Pass' || ($type eq 'Test2::Event::Ok' && $e->{pass})) {
        my $count = ++($self->{+COUNT});
        $self->{+_FORMATTER}->write($e, $count) if $self->{+_FORMATTER};

        if ($self->{+_LISTENERS}) {
            $_->{code}->($self, $e, $count) for @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}};
        }

        return $e;
    }

    my $f = $e->facet_data;

    my $fail = 0;
    $fail = 1 if $f->{assert} && !$f->{assert}->{pass};
    $fail = 1 if $f->{errors} && grep { $_->{fail} } @{$f->{errors}};
    $fail = 0 if $f->{amnesty};

    $self->{+COUNT}++ if $f->{assert};
    $self->{+FAILED}++ if $fail && $f->{assert};
    $self->{+_PASSING} = 0 if $fail;

    my $code = $f->{control} ? $f->{control}->{terminate} : undef;
    my $count = $self->{+COUNT};

    if (my $plan = $f->{plan}) {
        if ($plan->{skip}) {
            $self->plan('SKIP');
            $self->set_skip_reason($plan->{details} || 1);
            $code ||= 0;
        }
        elsif ($plan->{none}) {
            $self->plan('NO PLAN');
        }
        else {
            $self->plan($plan->{count});
        }
    }

    $e->callback($self) if $f->{control} && $f->{control}->{has_callback};

    $self->{+_FORMATTER}->write($e, $count, $f) if $self->{+_FORMATTER};

    if ($self->{+_LISTENERS}) {
        $_->{code}->($self, $e, $count, $f) for @{$self->{+_LISTENERS}};
    }

    if ($f->{control} && $f->{control}->{halt}) {
        $code ||= 255;
        $self->set_bailed_out($e);
    }

    if (defined $code) {
        $self->{+_FORMATTER}->terminate($e, $f) if $self->{+_FORMATTER};
        $self->terminate($code, $e, $f);
    }

    return $e;
}

sub terminate {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($code) = @_;
    exit($code);
}

sub cull {
    my $self = shift;

    my $ipc = $self->{+IPC} || return;
    return if $self->{+PID} != $$ || $self->{+TID} != get_tid();

    # No need to do IPC checks on culled events
    $self->process($_) for $ipc->cull($self->{+HID});
}

sub finalize {
    my $self = shift;
    my ($trace, $do_plan) = @_;

    $self->cull();

    my $plan   = $self->{+_PLAN};
    my $count  = $self->{+COUNT};
    my $failed = $self->{+FAILED};
    my $active = $self->{+ACTIVE};

    # return if NOTHING was done.
    unless ($active || $do_plan || defined($plan) || $count || $failed) {
        $self->{+_FORMATTER}->finalize($plan, $count, $failed, 0, $self->is_subtest) if $self->{+_FORMATTER};
        return;
    }

    unless ($self->{+ENDED}) {
        if ($self->{+_FOLLOW_UPS}) {
            $_->($trace, $self) for reverse @{$self->{+_FOLLOW_UPS}};
        }

        # These need to be refreshed now
        $plan   = $self->{+_PLAN};
        $count  = $self->{+COUNT};
        $failed = $self->{+FAILED};

        if (($plan && $plan eq 'NO PLAN') || ($do_plan && !$plan)) {
            $self->send(
                Test2::Event::Plan->new(
                    trace => $trace,
                    max => $count,
                )
            );
        }
        $plan = $self->{+_PLAN};
    }

    my $frame = $trace->frame;
    if($self->{+ENDED}) {
        my (undef, $ffile, $fline) = @{$self->{+ENDED}};
        my (undef, $sfile, $sline) = @$frame;

        die <<"        EOT"
Test already ended!
First End:  $ffile line $fline
Second End: $sfile line $sline
        EOT
    }

    $self->{+ENDED} = $frame;
    my $pass = $self->is_passing(); # Generate the final boolean.

    $self->{+_FORMATTER}->finalize($plan, $count, $failed, $pass, $self->is_subtest) if $self->{+_FORMATTER};

    return $pass;
}

sub is_passing {
    my $self = shift;

    ($self->{+_PASSING}) = @_ if @_;

    # If we already failed just return 0.
    my $pass = $self->{+_PASSING} or return 0;
    return $self->{+_PASSING} = 0 if $self->{+FAILED};

    my $count = $self->{+COUNT};
    my $ended = $self->{+ENDED};
    my $plan = $self->{+_PLAN};

    return $pass if !$count && $plan && $plan =~ m/^SKIP$/;

    return $self->{+_PASSING} = 0
        if $ended && (!$count || !$plan);

    return $pass unless $plan && $plan =~ m/^\d+$/;

    if ($ended) {
        return $self->{+_PASSING} = 0 if $count != $plan;
    }
    else {
        return $self->{+_PASSING} = 0 if $count > $plan;
    }

    return $pass;
}

sub plan {
    my $self = shift;

    return $self->{+_PLAN} unless @_;

    my ($plan) = @_;

    confess "You cannot unset the plan"
        unless defined $plan;

    confess "You cannot change the plan"
        if $self->{+_PLAN} && $self->{+_PLAN} !~ m/^NO PLAN$/;

    confess "'$plan' is not a valid plan! Plan must be an integer greater than 0, 'NO PLAN', or 'SKIP'"
        unless $plan =~ m/^(\d+|NO PLAN|SKIP)$/;

    $self->{+_PLAN} = $plan;
}

sub check_plan {
    my $self = shift;

    return undef unless $self->{+ENDED};
    my $plan = $self->{+_PLAN} || return undef;

    return 1 if $plan !~ m/^\d+$/;

    return 1 if $plan == $self->{+COUNT};
    return 0;
}

sub DESTROY {
    my $self = shift;
    my $ipc = $self->{+IPC} || return;
    return unless $$ == $self->{+PID};
    return unless get_tid() == $self->{+TID};
    $ipc->drop_hub($self->{+HID});
}

1;

__END__

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Test2::Hub - The conduit through which all events flow.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use Test2::Hub;

    my $hub = Test2::Hub->new();
    $hub->send(...);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The hub is the place where all events get processed and handed off to the
formatter. The hub also tracks test state, and provides several hooks into the
event pipeline.

=head1 COMMON TASKS

=head2 SENDING EVENTS

    $hub->send($event)

The C<send()> method is used to issue an event to the hub. This method will
handle thread/fork sync, filters, listeners, TAP output, etc.

=head2 ALTERING OR REMOVING EVENTS

You can use either C<filter()> or C<pre_filter()>, depending on your
needs. Both have identical syntax, so only C<filter()> is shown here.

    $hub->filter(sub {
        my ($hub, $event) = @_;

        my $action = get_action($event);

        # No action should be taken
        return $event if $action eq 'none';

        # You want your filter to remove the event
        return undef if $action eq 'delete';

        if ($action eq 'do_it') {
            my $new_event = copy_event($event);
            ... Change your copy of the event ...
            return $new_event;
        }

        die "Should not happen";
    });

By default, filters are not inherited by child hubs. That means if you start a
subtest, the subtest will not inherit the filter. You can change this behavior
with the C<inherit> parameter:

    $hub->filter(sub { ... }, inherit => 1);

=head2 LISTENING FOR EVENTS

    $hub->listen(sub {
        my ($hub, $event, $number) = @_;

        ... do whatever you want with the event ...

        # return is ignored
    });

By default listeners are not inherited by child hubs. That means if you start a
subtest, the subtest will not inherit the listener. You can change this behavior
with the C<inherit> parameter:

    $hub->listen(sub { ... }, inherit => 1);


=head2 POST-TEST BEHAVIORS

    $hub->follow_up(sub {
        my ($trace, $hub) = @_;

        ... do whatever you need to ...

        # Return is ignored
    });

follow_up subs are called only once, either when done_testing is called, or in
an END block.

=head2 SETTING THE FORMATTER

By default an instance of L<Test2::Formatter::TAP> is created and used.

    my $old = $hub->format(My::Formatter->new);

Setting the formatter will REPLACE any existing formatter. You may set the
formatter to undef to prevent output. The old formatter will be returned if one
was already set. Only one formatter is allowed at a time.

=head1 METHODS

=over 4

=item $hub->send($event)

This is where all events enter the hub for processing.

=item $hub->process($event)

This is called by send after it does any IPC handling. You can use this to
bypass the IPC process, but in general you should avoid using this.

=item $old = $hub->format($formatter)

Replace the existing formatter instance with a new one. Formatters must be
objects that implement a C<< $formatter->write($event) >> method.

=item $sub = $hub->listen(sub { ... }, %optional_params)

You can use this to record all events AFTER they have been sent to the
formatter. No changes made here will be meaningful, except possibly to other
listeners.

    $hub->listen(sub {
        my ($hub, $event, $number) = @_;

        ... do whatever you want with the event ...

        # return is ignored
    });

Normally listeners are not inherited by child hubs such as subtests. You can
add the C<< inherit => 1 >> parameter to allow a listener to be inherited.

=item $hub->unlisten($sub)

You can use this to remove a listen callback. You must pass in the coderef
returned by the C<listen()> method.

=item $sub = $hub->filter(sub { ... }, %optional_params)

=item $sub = $hub->pre_filter(sub { ... }, %optional_params)

These can be used to add filters. Filters can modify, replace, or remove events
before anything else can see them.

    $hub->filter(
        sub {
            my ($hub, $event) = @_;

            return $event;    # No Changes
            return;           # Remove the event

            # Or you can modify an event before returning it.
            $event->modify;
            return $event;
        }
    );

If you are not using threads, forking, or IPC then the only difference between
a C<filter> and a C<pre_filter> is that C<pre_filter> subs run first. When you
are using threads, forking, or IPC, pre_filters happen to events before they
are sent to their destination proc/thread, ordinary filters happen only in the
destination hub/thread.

You cannot add a regular filter to a hub if the hub was created in another
process or thread. You can always add a pre_filter.

=item $hub->unfilter($sub)

=item $hub->pre_unfilter($sub)

These can be used to remove filters and pre_filters. The C<$sub> argument is
the reference returned by C<filter()> or C<pre_filter()>.

=item $hub->follow_op(sub { ... })

Use this to add behaviors that are called just before the hub is finalized. The
only argument to your codeblock will be a L<Test2::EventFacet::Trace> instance.

    $hub->follow_up(sub {
        my ($trace, $hub) = @_;

        ... do whatever you need to ...

        # Return is ignored
    });

follow_up subs are called only once, ether when done_testing is called, or in
an END block.

=item $sub = $hub->add_context_acquire(sub { ... });

Add a callback that will be called every time someone tries to acquire a
context. It gets a single argument, a reference of the hash of parameters
being used the construct the context. This is your chance to change the
parameters by directly altering the hash.

    test2_add_callback_context_acquire(sub {
        my $params = shift;
        $params->{level}++;
    });

This is a very scary API function. Please do not use this unless you need to.
This is here for L<Test::Builder> and backwards compatibility. This has you
directly manipulate the hash instead of returning a new one for performance
reasons.

B<Note> Using this hook could have a huge performance impact.

The coderef you provide is returned and can be used to remove the hook later.

=item $hub->remove_context_acquire($sub);

This can be used to remove a context acquire hook.

=item $sub = $hub->add_context_init(sub { ... });

This allows you to add callbacks that will trigger every time a new context is
created for the hub. The only argument to the sub will be the
L<Test2::API::Context> instance that was created.

B<Note> Using this hook could have a huge performance impact.

The coderef you provide is returned and can be used to remove the hook later.

=item $hub->remove_context_init($sub);

This can be used to remove a context init hook.

=item $sub = $hub->add_context_release(sub { ... });

This allows you to add callbacks that will trigger every time a context for
this hub is released. The only argument to the sub will be the
L<Test2::API::Context> instance that was released. These will run in reverse
order.

B<Note> Using this hook could have a huge performance impact.

The coderef you provide is returned and can be used to remove the hook later.

=item $hub->remove_context_release($sub);

This can be used to remove a context release hook.

=item $hub->cull()

Cull any IPC events (and process them).

=item $pid = $hub->pid()

Get the process id under which the hub was created.

=item $tid = $hub->tid()

Get the thread id under which the hub was created.

=item $hud = $hub->hid()

Get the identifier string of the hub.

=item $uuid = $hub->uuid()

If UUID tagging is enabled (see L<Test2::API>) then the hub will have a UUID.

=item $ipc = $hub->ipc()

Get the IPC object used by the hub.

=item $hub->set_no_ending($bool)

=item $bool = $hub->no_ending

This can be used to disable auto-ending behavior for a hub. The auto-ending
behavior is triggered by an end block and is used to cull IPC events, and
output the final plan if the plan was 'NO PLAN'.

=item $bool = $hub->active

=item $hub->set_active($bool)

These are used to get/set the 'active' attribute. When true this attribute will
force C<< hub->finalize() >> to take action even if there is no plan, and no
tests have been run. This flag is useful for plugins that add follow-up
behaviors that need to run even if no events are seen.

=back

=head2 STATE METHODS

=over 4

=item $hub->reset_state()

Reset all state to the start. This sets the test count to 0, clears the plan,
removes the failures, etc.

=item $num = $hub->count

Get the number of tests that have been run.

=item $num = $hub->failed

Get the number of failures (Not all failures come from a test fail, so this
number can be larger than the count).

=item $bool = $hub->ended

True if the testing has ended. This MAY return the stack frame of the tool that
ended the test, but that is not guaranteed.

=item $bool = $hub->is_passing

=item $hub->is_passing($bool)

Check if the overall test run is a failure. Can also be used to set the
pass/fail status.

=item $hub->plan($plan)

=item $plan = $hub->plan

Get or set the plan. The plan must be an integer larger than 0, the string
'NO PLAN', or the string 'SKIP'.

=item $bool = $hub->check_plan

Check if the plan and counts match, but only if the tests have ended. If tests
have not ended this will return undef, otherwise it will be a true/false.

=back

=head1 THIRD PARTY META-DATA

This object consumes L<Test2::Util::ExternalMeta> which provides a consistent
way for you to attach meta-data to instances of this class. This is useful for
tools, plugins, and other extensions.

=head1 SOURCE

The source code repository for Test2 can be found at
F<http://github.com/Test-More/test-more/>.

=head1 MAINTAINERS

=over 4

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=item Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt>

=back

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=cut
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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