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# IO::Zlib.pm
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Tom Hughes <tom@compton.nu>.
# All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute
# it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
package IO::Zlib;
=head1 NAME
IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
=head1 SYNOPSIS
With any version of Perl 5 you can use the basic OO interface:
use IO::Zlib;
$fh = new IO::Zlib;
if ($fh->open("file.gz", "rb")) {
print <$fh>;
$fh->close;
}
$fh = IO::Zlib->new("file.gz", "wb9");
if (defined $fh) {
print $fh "bar\n";
$fh->close;
}
$fh = IO::Zlib->new("file.gz", "rb");
if (defined $fh) {
print <$fh>;
undef $fh; # automatically closes the file
}
With Perl 5.004 you can also use the TIEHANDLE interface to access
compressed files just like ordinary files:
use IO::Zlib;
tie *FILE, 'IO::Zlib', "file.gz", "wb";
print FILE "line 1\nline2\n";
tie *FILE, 'IO::Zlib', "file.gz", "rb";
while (<FILE>) { print "LINE: ", $_ };
=head1 DESCRIPTION
C<IO::Zlib> provides an IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib> and
hence to gzip/zlib compressed files. It provides many of the same methods
as the L<IO::Handle> interface.
Starting from IO::Zlib version 1.02, IO::Zlib can also use an
external F<gzip> command. The default behaviour is to try to use
an external F<gzip> if no C<Compress::Zlib> can be loaded, unless
explicitly disabled by
use IO::Zlib qw(:gzip_external 0);
If explicitly enabled by
use IO::Zlib qw(:gzip_external 1);
then the external F<gzip> is used B<instead> of C<Compress::Zlib>.
=head1 CONSTRUCTOR
=over 4
=item new ( [ARGS] )
Creates an C<IO::Zlib> object. If it receives any parameters, they are
passed to the method C<open>; if the open fails, the object is destroyed.
Otherwise, it is returned to the caller.
=back
=head1 OBJECT METHODS
=over 4
=item open ( FILENAME, MODE )
C<open> takes two arguments. The first is the name of the file to open
and the second is the open mode. The mode can be anything acceptable to
L<Compress::Zlib> and by extension anything acceptable to I<zlib> (that
basically means POSIX fopen() style mode strings plus an optional number
to indicate the compression level).
=item opened
Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file.
=item close
Close the file associated with the object and disassociate
the file from the handle.
Done automatically on destroy.
=item getc
Return the next character from the file, or undef if none remain.
=item getline
Return the next line from the file, or undef on end of string.
Can safely be called in an array context.
Currently ignores $/ ($INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR or $RS when L<English>
is in use) and treats lines as delimited by "\n".
=item getlines
Get all remaining lines from the file.
It will croak() if accidentally called in a scalar context.
=item print ( ARGS... )
Print ARGS to the file.
=item read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] )
Read some bytes from the file.
Returns the number of bytes actually read, 0 on end-of-file, undef on error.
=item eof
Returns true if the handle is currently positioned at end of file?
=item seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE )
Seek to a given position in the stream.
Not yet supported.
=item tell
Return the current position in the stream, as a numeric offset.
Not yet supported.
=item setpos ( POS )
Set the current position, using the opaque value returned by C<getpos()>.
Not yet supported.
=item getpos ( POS )
Return the current position in the string, as an opaque object.
Not yet supported.
=back
=head1 USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP
If the external F<gzip> is used, the following C<open>s are used:
open(FH, "gzip -dc $filename |") # for read opens
open(FH, " | gzip > $filename") # for write opens
You can modify the 'commands' for example to hardwire
an absolute path by e.g.
use IO::Zlib ':gzip_read_open' => '/some/where/gunzip -c %s |';
use IO::Zlib ':gzip_write_open' => '| /some/where/gzip.exe > %s';
The C<%s> is expanded to be the filename (C<sprintf> is used, so be
careful to escape any other C<%> signs). The 'commands' are checked
for sanity - they must contain the C<%s>, and the read open must end
with the pipe sign, and the write open must begin with the pipe sign.
=head1 CLASS METHODS
=over 4
=item has_Compress_Zlib
Returns true if C<Compress::Zlib> is available. Note that this does
not mean that C<Compress::Zlib> is being used: see L</gzip_external>
and L<gzip_used>.
=item gzip_external
Undef if an external F<gzip> B<can> be used if C<Compress::Zlib> is
not available (see L</has_Compress_Zlib>), true if an external F<gzip>
is explicitly used, false if an external F<gzip> must not be used.
See L</gzip_used>.
=item gzip_used
True if an external F<gzip> is being used, false if not.
=item gzip_read_open
Return the 'command' being used for opening a file for reading using an
external F<gzip>.
=item gzip_write_open
Return the 'command' being used for opening a file for writing using an
external F<gzip>.
=back
=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
=over 4
=item IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context
If you want read lines, you must read in list context.
=item IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal
Use only modes 'rb' or 'wb' or /wb[1-9]/.
=item IO::Zlib::import: '...' is illegal
The known import symbols are the C<:gzip_external>, C<:gzip_read_open>,
and C<:gzip_write_open>. Anything else is not recognized.
=item IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument
The C<:gzip_external> requires one boolean argument.
=item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument
The C<:gzip_external> requires one string argument.
=item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal
The C<:gzip_read_open> argument must end with the pipe sign (|)
and have the C<%s> for the filename. See L</"USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP">.
=item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires an argument
The C<:gzip_external> requires one string argument.
=item IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal
The C<:gzip_write_open> argument must begin with the pipe sign (|)
and have the C<%s> for the filename. An output redirect (>) is also
often a good idea, depending on your operating system shell syntax.
See L</"USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP">.
=item IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip
Given that we failed to load C<Compress::Zlib> and that the use of
an external F<gzip> was disabled, IO::Zlib has not much chance of working.
=item IO::Zlib::open: needs a filename
No filename, no open.
=item IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified
We must know how much to read.
=item IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH
The LENGTH must be less than or equal to the buffer size.
=back
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<perlfunc>,
L<perlop/"I/O Operators">,
L<IO::Handle>,
L<Compress::Zlib>
=head1 HISTORY
Created by Tom Hughes E<lt>F<tom@compton.nu>E<gt>.
Support for external gzip added by Jarkko Hietaniemi E<lt>F<jhi@iki.fi>E<gt>.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Tom Hughes E<lt>F<tom@compton.nu>E<gt>.
All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut
require 5.006;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET);
use Symbol;
use Tie::Handle;
our $VERSION = "1.14";
our $AUTOLOAD;
our @ISA = qw(Tie::Handle);
my $has_Compress_Zlib;
my $gzip_external;
my $gzip_used;
my $gzip_read_open = "gzip -dc %s |";
my $gzip_write_open = "| gzip > %s";
my $aliased;
BEGIN {
eval { require Compress::Zlib };
$has_Compress_Zlib = $@ || $Compress::Zlib::VERSION < 2.000 ? 0 : 1;
}
sub has_Compress_Zlib
{
$has_Compress_Zlib;
}
sub gzip_external
{
$gzip_external;
}
sub gzip_used
{
$gzip_used;
}
sub gzip_read_open
{
$gzip_read_open;
}
sub gzip_write_open
{
$gzip_write_open;
}
sub can_gunzip
{
$has_Compress_Zlib || $gzip_external;
}
sub _import
{
my $import = shift;
while (@_)
{
if ($_[0] eq ':gzip_external')
{
shift;
if (@_)
{
$gzip_external = shift;
}
else
{
croak "$import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument";
}
}
elsif ($_[0] eq ':gzip_read_open')
{
shift;
if (@_)
{
$gzip_read_open = shift;
croak "$import: ':gzip_read_open' '$gzip_read_open' is illegal"
unless $gzip_read_open =~ /^.+%s.+\|\s*$/;
}
else
{
croak "$import: ':gzip_read_open' requires an argument";
}
}
elsif ($_[0] eq ':gzip_write_open')
{
shift;
if (@_)
{
$gzip_write_open = shift;
croak "$import: ':gzip_write_open' '$gzip_read_open' is illegal"
unless $gzip_write_open =~ /^\s*\|.+%s.*$/;
}
else
{
croak "$import: ':gzip_write_open' requires an argument";
}
}
else
{
last;
}
}
return @_;
}
sub _alias
{
my $import = shift;
if ($gzip_external || (!$has_Compress_Zlib && !defined($gzip_external)))
{
require IO::Handle;
undef *gzopen;
*gzopen = \&gzopen_external;
*IO::Handle::gzread = \&gzread_external;
*IO::Handle::gzwrite = \&gzwrite_external;
*IO::Handle::gzreadline = \&gzreadline_external;
*IO::Handle::gzeof = \&gzeof_external;
*IO::Handle::gzclose = \&gzclose_external;
$gzip_used = 1;
}
elsif ($has_Compress_Zlib)
{
*gzopen = \&Compress::Zlib::gzopen;
*gzread = \&Compress::Zlib::gzread;
*gzwrite = \&Compress::Zlib::gzwrite;
*gzreadline = \&Compress::Zlib::gzreadline;
*gzeof = \&Compress::Zlib::gzeof;
}
else
{
croak "$import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip";
}
$aliased = 1;
}
sub import
{
my $class = shift;
my $import = "IO::Zlib::import";
if (@_)
{
if (_import($import, @_))
{
croak "$import: '@_' is illegal";
}
}
_alias($import);
}
sub TIEHANDLE
{
my $class = shift;
my @args = @_;
my $self = bless {}, $class;
return @args ? $self->OPEN(@args) : $self;
}
sub DESTROY
{
}
sub OPEN
{
my $self = shift;
my $filename = shift;
my $mode = shift;
croak "IO::Zlib::open: needs a filename" unless defined($filename);
$self->{'file'} = gzopen($filename,$mode);
return defined($self->{'file'}) ? $self : undef;
}
sub CLOSE
{
my $self = shift;
return undef unless defined($self->{'file'});
my $status = $self->{'file'}->gzclose();
delete $self->{'file'};
return ($status == 0) ? 1 : undef;
}
sub READ
{
my $self = shift;
my $bufref = \$_[0];
my $nbytes = $_[1];
my $offset = $_[2] || 0;
croak "IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified" unless defined($nbytes);
$$bufref = "" unless defined($$bufref);
my $bytesread = $self->{'file'}->gzread(substr($$bufref,$offset),$nbytes);
return undef if $bytesread < 0;
return $bytesread;
}
sub READLINE
{
my $self = shift;
my $line;
return () if $self->{'file'}->gzreadline($line) <= 0;
return $line unless wantarray;
my @lines = $line;
while ($self->{'file'}->gzreadline($line) > 0)
{
push @lines, $line;
}
return @lines;
}
sub WRITE
{
my $self = shift;
my $buf = shift;
my $length = shift;
my $offset = shift;
croak "IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH" unless $offset + $length <= length($buf);
return $self->{'file'}->gzwrite(substr($buf,$offset,$length));
}
sub EOF
{
my $self = shift;
return $self->{'file'}->gzeof();
}
sub FILENO
{
return undef;
}
sub new
{
my $class = shift;
my @args = @_;
_alias("new", @_) unless $aliased; # Some call new IO::Zlib directly...
my $self = gensym();
tie *{$self}, $class, @args;
return tied(${$self}) ? bless $self, $class : undef;
}
sub getline
{
my $self = shift;
return scalar tied(*{$self})->READLINE();
}
sub getlines
{
my $self = shift;
croak "IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context"
unless wantarray;
return tied(*{$self})->READLINE();
}
sub opened
{
my $self = shift;
return defined tied(*{$self})->{'file'};
}
sub AUTOLOAD
{
my $self = shift;
$AUTOLOAD =~ s/.*:://;
$AUTOLOAD =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
return tied(*{$self})->$AUTOLOAD(@_);
}
sub gzopen_external
{
my $filename = shift;
my $mode = shift;
my $fh = IO::Handle->new();
if ($mode =~ /r/)
{
# Because someone will try to read ungzipped files
# with this we peek and verify the signature. Yes,
# this means that we open the file twice (if it is
# gzipped).
# Plenty of race conditions exist in this code, but
# the alternative would be to capture the stderr of
# gzip and parse it, which would be a portability nightmare.
if (-e $filename && open($fh, $filename))
{
binmode $fh;
my $sig;
my $rdb = read($fh, $sig, 2);
if ($rdb == 2 && $sig eq "\x1F\x8B")
{
my $ropen = sprintf($gzip_read_open, $filename);
if (open($fh, $ropen))
{
binmode $fh;
return $fh;
}
else
{
return undef;
}
}
seek($fh, 0, SEEK_SET) or
die "IO::Zlib: open('$filename', 'r'): seek: $!";
return $fh;
}
else
{
return undef;
}
}
elsif ($mode =~ /w/)
{
my $level = $mode =~ /([1-9])/ ? "-$1" : "";
# To maximize portability we would need to open
# two filehandles here, one for "| gzip $level"
# and another for "> $filename", and then when
# writing copy bytes from the first to the second.
# We are using IO::Handle objects for now, however,
# and they can only contain one stream at a time.
my $wopen = sprintf($gzip_write_open, $filename);
if (open($fh, $wopen))
{
$fh->autoflush(1);
binmode $fh;
return $fh;
}
else
{
return undef;
}
}
else
{
croak "IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '$mode' is illegal";
}
return undef;
}
sub gzread_external
{
my $file = shift;
my $bufref = \$_[0];
my $nbytes = $_[1] || 4096;
# Use read() instead of sysread() because people may
# mix reads and readlines, and we don't want to mess
# the stdio buffering. See also gzreadline_external()
# and gzwrite_external().
my $nread = read($file, $$bufref, $nbytes);
return defined $nread ? $nread : -1;
}
sub gzwrite_external
{
my $file = shift;
my $buf = shift;
# Using syswrite() is okay (cf. gzread_external())
# since the bytes leave this process and buffering
# is therefore not an issue.
my $nwrote = syswrite($file, $buf);
return defined $nwrote ? $nwrote : -1;
}
sub gzreadline_external
{
my $file = shift;
my $bufref = \$_[0];
# See the comment in gzread_external().
$$bufref = readline($file);
return defined $$bufref ? length($$bufref) : -1;
}
sub gzeof_external
{
my $file = shift;
return eof($file);
}
sub gzclose_external
{
my $file = shift;
close($file);
# I am not entirely certain why this is needed but it seems
# the above close() always fails (as if the stream would have
# been already closed - something to do with using external
# processes via pipes?)
return 0;
}
1;