Current File : //proc/self/root/usr/lib/python3.12/asyncio/streams.py
__all__ = (
    'StreamReader', 'StreamWriter', 'StreamReaderProtocol',
    'open_connection', 'start_server')

import collections
import socket
import sys
import warnings
import weakref

if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
    __all__ += ('open_unix_connection', 'start_unix_server')

from . import coroutines
from . import events
from . import exceptions
from . import format_helpers
from . import protocols
from .log import logger
from .tasks import sleep


_DEFAULT_LIMIT = 2 ** 16  # 64 KiB


async def open_connection(host=None, port=None, *,
                          limit=_DEFAULT_LIMIT, **kwds):
    """A wrapper for create_connection() returning a (reader, writer) pair.

    The reader returned is a StreamReader instance; the writer is a
    StreamWriter instance.

    The arguments are all the usual arguments to create_connection()
    except protocol_factory; most common are positional host and port,
    with various optional keyword arguments following.

    Additional optional keyword arguments are loop (to set the event loop
    instance to use) and limit (to set the buffer limit passed to the
    StreamReader).

    (If you want to customize the StreamReader and/or
    StreamReaderProtocol classes, just copy the code -- there's
    really nothing special here except some convenience.)
    """
    loop = events.get_running_loop()
    reader = StreamReader(limit=limit, loop=loop)
    protocol = StreamReaderProtocol(reader, loop=loop)
    transport, _ = await loop.create_connection(
        lambda: protocol, host, port, **kwds)
    writer = StreamWriter(transport, protocol, reader, loop)
    return reader, writer


async def start_server(client_connected_cb, host=None, port=None, *,
                       limit=_DEFAULT_LIMIT, **kwds):
    """Start a socket server, call back for each client connected.

    The first parameter, `client_connected_cb`, takes two parameters:
    client_reader, client_writer.  client_reader is a StreamReader
    object, while client_writer is a StreamWriter object.  This
    parameter can either be a plain callback function or a coroutine;
    if it is a coroutine, it will be automatically converted into a
    Task.

    The rest of the arguments are all the usual arguments to
    loop.create_server() except protocol_factory; most common are
    positional host and port, with various optional keyword arguments
    following.  The return value is the same as loop.create_server().

    Additional optional keyword argument is limit (to set the buffer
    limit passed to the StreamReader).

    The return value is the same as loop.create_server(), i.e. a
    Server object which can be used to stop the service.
    """
    loop = events.get_running_loop()

    def factory():
        reader = StreamReader(limit=limit, loop=loop)
        protocol = StreamReaderProtocol(reader, client_connected_cb,
                                        loop=loop)
        return protocol

    return await loop.create_server(factory, host, port, **kwds)


if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
    # UNIX Domain Sockets are supported on this platform

    async def open_unix_connection(path=None, *,
                                   limit=_DEFAULT_LIMIT, **kwds):
        """Similar to `open_connection` but works with UNIX Domain Sockets."""
        loop = events.get_running_loop()

        reader = StreamReader(limit=limit, loop=loop)
        protocol = StreamReaderProtocol(reader, loop=loop)
        transport, _ = await loop.create_unix_connection(
            lambda: protocol, path, **kwds)
        writer = StreamWriter(transport, protocol, reader, loop)
        return reader, writer

    async def start_unix_server(client_connected_cb, path=None, *,
                                limit=_DEFAULT_LIMIT, **kwds):
        """Similar to `start_server` but works with UNIX Domain Sockets."""
        loop = events.get_running_loop()

        def factory():
            reader = StreamReader(limit=limit, loop=loop)
            protocol = StreamReaderProtocol(reader, client_connected_cb,
                                            loop=loop)
            return protocol

        return await loop.create_unix_server(factory, path, **kwds)


class FlowControlMixin(protocols.Protocol):
    """Reusable flow control logic for StreamWriter.drain().

    This implements the protocol methods pause_writing(),
    resume_writing() and connection_lost().  If the subclass overrides
    these it must call the super methods.

    StreamWriter.drain() must wait for _drain_helper() coroutine.
    """

    def __init__(self, loop=None):
        if loop is None:
            self._loop = events.get_event_loop()
        else:
            self._loop = loop
        self._paused = False
        self._drain_waiters = collections.deque()
        self._connection_lost = False

    def pause_writing(self):
        assert not self._paused
        self._paused = True
        if self._loop.get_debug():
            logger.debug("%r pauses writing", self)

    def resume_writing(self):
        assert self._paused
        self._paused = False
        if self._loop.get_debug():
            logger.debug("%r resumes writing", self)

        for waiter in self._drain_waiters:
            if not waiter.done():
                waiter.set_result(None)

    def connection_lost(self, exc):
        self._connection_lost = True
        # Wake up the writer(s) if currently paused.
        if not self._paused:
            return

        for waiter in self._drain_waiters:
            if not waiter.done():
                if exc is None:
                    waiter.set_result(None)
                else:
                    waiter.set_exception(exc)

    async def _drain_helper(self):
        if self._connection_lost:
            raise ConnectionResetError('Connection lost')
        if not self._paused:
            return
        waiter = self._loop.create_future()
        self._drain_waiters.append(waiter)
        try:
            await waiter
        finally:
            self._drain_waiters.remove(waiter)

    def _get_close_waiter(self, stream):
        raise NotImplementedError


class StreamReaderProtocol(FlowControlMixin, protocols.Protocol):
    """Helper class to adapt between Protocol and StreamReader.

    (This is a helper class instead of making StreamReader itself a
    Protocol subclass, because the StreamReader has other potential
    uses, and to prevent the user of the StreamReader to accidentally
    call inappropriate methods of the protocol.)
    """

    _source_traceback = None

    def __init__(self, stream_reader, client_connected_cb=None, loop=None):
        super().__init__(loop=loop)
        if stream_reader is not None:
            self._stream_reader_wr = weakref.ref(stream_reader)
            self._source_traceback = stream_reader._source_traceback
        else:
            self._stream_reader_wr = None
        if client_connected_cb is not None:
            # This is a stream created by the `create_server()` function.
            # Keep a strong reference to the reader until a connection
            # is established.
            self._strong_reader = stream_reader
        self._reject_connection = False
        self._stream_writer = None
        self._task = None
        self._transport = None
        self._client_connected_cb = client_connected_cb
        self._over_ssl = False
        self._closed = self._loop.create_future()

    @property
    def _stream_reader(self):
        if self._stream_reader_wr is None:
            return None
        return self._stream_reader_wr()

    def _replace_writer(self, writer):
        loop = self._loop
        transport = writer.transport
        self._stream_writer = writer
        self._transport = transport
        self._over_ssl = transport.get_extra_info('sslcontext') is not None

    def connection_made(self, transport):
        if self._reject_connection:
            context = {
                'message': ('An open stream was garbage collected prior to '
                            'establishing network connection; '
                            'call "stream.close()" explicitly.')
            }
            if self._source_traceback:
                context['source_traceback'] = self._source_traceback
            self._loop.call_exception_handler(context)
            transport.abort()
            return
        self._transport = transport
        reader = self._stream_reader
        if reader is not None:
            reader.set_transport(transport)
        self._over_ssl = transport.get_extra_info('sslcontext') is not None
        if self._client_connected_cb is not None:
            self._stream_writer = StreamWriter(transport, self,
                                               reader,
                                               self._loop)
            res = self._client_connected_cb(reader,
                                            self._stream_writer)
            if coroutines.iscoroutine(res):
                def callback(task):
                    if task.cancelled():
                        transport.close()
                        return
                    exc = task.exception()
                    if exc is not None:
                        self._loop.call_exception_handler({
                            'message': 'Unhandled exception in client_connected_cb',
                            'exception': exc,
                            'transport': transport,
                        })
                        transport.close()

                self._task = self._loop.create_task(res)
                self._task.add_done_callback(callback)

            self._strong_reader = None

    def connection_lost(self, exc):
        reader = self._stream_reader
        if reader is not None:
            if exc is None:
                reader.feed_eof()
            else:
                reader.set_exception(exc)
        if not self._closed.done():
            if exc is None:
                self._closed.set_result(None)
            else:
                self._closed.set_exception(exc)
        super().connection_lost(exc)
        self._stream_reader_wr = None
        self._stream_writer = None
        self._task = None
        self._transport = None

    def data_received(self, data):
        reader = self._stream_reader
        if reader is not None:
            reader.feed_data(data)

    def eof_received(self):
        reader = self._stream_reader
        if reader is not None:
            reader.feed_eof()
        if self._over_ssl:
            # Prevent a warning in SSLProtocol.eof_received:
            # "returning true from eof_received()
            # has no effect when using ssl"
            return False
        return True

    def _get_close_waiter(self, stream):
        return self._closed

    def __del__(self):
        # Prevent reports about unhandled exceptions.
        # Better than self._closed._log_traceback = False hack
        try:
            closed = self._closed
        except AttributeError:
            pass  # failed constructor
        else:
            if closed.done() and not closed.cancelled():
                closed.exception()


class StreamWriter:
    """Wraps a Transport.

    This exposes write(), writelines(), [can_]write_eof(),
    get_extra_info() and close().  It adds drain() which returns an
    optional Future on which you can wait for flow control.  It also
    adds a transport property which references the Transport
    directly.
    """

    def __init__(self, transport, protocol, reader, loop):
        self._transport = transport
        self._protocol = protocol
        # drain() expects that the reader has an exception() method
        assert reader is None or isinstance(reader, StreamReader)
        self._reader = reader
        self._loop = loop
        self._complete_fut = self._loop.create_future()
        self._complete_fut.set_result(None)

    def __repr__(self):
        info = [self.__class__.__name__, f'transport={self._transport!r}']
        if self._reader is not None:
            info.append(f'reader={self._reader!r}')
        return '<{}>'.format(' '.join(info))

    @property
    def transport(self):
        return self._transport

    def write(self, data):
        self._transport.write(data)

    def writelines(self, data):
        self._transport.writelines(data)

    def write_eof(self):
        return self._transport.write_eof()

    def can_write_eof(self):
        return self._transport.can_write_eof()

    def close(self):
        return self._transport.close()

    def is_closing(self):
        return self._transport.is_closing()

    async def wait_closed(self):
        await self._protocol._get_close_waiter(self)

    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
        return self._transport.get_extra_info(name, default)

    async def drain(self):
        """Flush the write buffer.

        The intended use is to write

          w.write(data)
          await w.drain()
        """
        if self._reader is not None:
            exc = self._reader.exception()
            if exc is not None:
                raise exc
        if self._transport.is_closing():
            # Wait for protocol.connection_lost() call
            # Raise connection closing error if any,
            # ConnectionResetError otherwise
            # Yield to the event loop so connection_lost() may be
            # called.  Without this, _drain_helper() would return
            # immediately, and code that calls
            #     write(...); await drain()
            # in a loop would never call connection_lost(), so it
            # would not see an error when the socket is closed.
            await sleep(0)
        await self._protocol._drain_helper()

    async def start_tls(self, sslcontext, *,
                        server_hostname=None,
                        ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
                        ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
        """Upgrade an existing stream-based connection to TLS."""
        server_side = self._protocol._client_connected_cb is not None
        protocol = self._protocol
        await self.drain()
        new_transport = await self._loop.start_tls(  # type: ignore
            self._transport, protocol, sslcontext,
            server_side=server_side, server_hostname=server_hostname,
            ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
            ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
        self._transport = new_transport
        protocol._replace_writer(self)

    def __del__(self):
        if not self._transport.is_closing():
            if self._loop.is_closed():
                warnings.warn("loop is closed", ResourceWarning)
            else:
                self.close()
                warnings.warn(f"unclosed {self!r}", ResourceWarning)

class StreamReader:

    _source_traceback = None

    def __init__(self, limit=_DEFAULT_LIMIT, loop=None):
        # The line length limit is  a security feature;
        # it also doubles as half the buffer limit.

        if limit <= 0:
            raise ValueError('Limit cannot be <= 0')

        self._limit = limit
        if loop is None:
            self._loop = events.get_event_loop()
        else:
            self._loop = loop
        self._buffer = bytearray()
        self._eof = False    # Whether we're done.
        self._waiter = None  # A future used by _wait_for_data()
        self._exception = None
        self._transport = None
        self._paused = False
        if self._loop.get_debug():
            self._source_traceback = format_helpers.extract_stack(
                sys._getframe(1))

    def __repr__(self):
        info = ['StreamReader']
        if self._buffer:
            info.append(f'{len(self._buffer)} bytes')
        if self._eof:
            info.append('eof')
        if self._limit != _DEFAULT_LIMIT:
            info.append(f'limit={self._limit}')
        if self._waiter:
            info.append(f'waiter={self._waiter!r}')
        if self._exception:
            info.append(f'exception={self._exception!r}')
        if self._transport:
            info.append(f'transport={self._transport!r}')
        if self._paused:
            info.append('paused')
        return '<{}>'.format(' '.join(info))

    def exception(self):
        return self._exception

    def set_exception(self, exc):
        self._exception = exc

        waiter = self._waiter
        if waiter is not None:
            self._waiter = None
            if not waiter.cancelled():
                waiter.set_exception(exc)

    def _wakeup_waiter(self):
        """Wakeup read*() functions waiting for data or EOF."""
        waiter = self._waiter
        if waiter is not None:
            self._waiter = None
            if not waiter.cancelled():
                waiter.set_result(None)

    def set_transport(self, transport):
        assert self._transport is None, 'Transport already set'
        self._transport = transport

    def _maybe_resume_transport(self):
        if self._paused and len(self._buffer) <= self._limit:
            self._paused = False
            self._transport.resume_reading()

    def feed_eof(self):
        self._eof = True
        self._wakeup_waiter()

    def at_eof(self):
        """Return True if the buffer is empty and 'feed_eof' was called."""
        return self._eof and not self._buffer

    def feed_data(self, data):
        assert not self._eof, 'feed_data after feed_eof'

        if not data:
            return

        self._buffer.extend(data)
        self._wakeup_waiter()

        if (self._transport is not None and
                not self._paused and
                len(self._buffer) > 2 * self._limit):
            try:
                self._transport.pause_reading()
            except NotImplementedError:
                # The transport can't be paused.
                # We'll just have to buffer all data.
                # Forget the transport so we don't keep trying.
                self._transport = None
            else:
                self._paused = True

    async def _wait_for_data(self, func_name):
        """Wait until feed_data() or feed_eof() is called.

        If stream was paused, automatically resume it.
        """
        # StreamReader uses a future to link the protocol feed_data() method
        # to a read coroutine. Running two read coroutines at the same time
        # would have an unexpected behaviour. It would not possible to know
        # which coroutine would get the next data.
        if self._waiter is not None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f'{func_name}() called while another coroutine is '
                f'already waiting for incoming data')

        assert not self._eof, '_wait_for_data after EOF'

        # Waiting for data while paused will make deadlock, so prevent it.
        # This is essential for readexactly(n) for case when n > self._limit.
        if self._paused:
            self._paused = False
            self._transport.resume_reading()

        self._waiter = self._loop.create_future()
        try:
            await self._waiter
        finally:
            self._waiter = None

    async def readline(self):
        """Read chunk of data from the stream until newline (b'\n') is found.

        On success, return chunk that ends with newline. If only partial
        line can be read due to EOF, return incomplete line without
        terminating newline. When EOF was reached while no bytes read, empty
        bytes object is returned.

        If limit is reached, ValueError will be raised. In that case, if
        newline was found, complete line including newline will be removed
        from internal buffer. Else, internal buffer will be cleared. Limit is
        compared against part of the line without newline.

        If stream was paused, this function will automatically resume it if
        needed.
        """
        sep = b'\n'
        seplen = len(sep)
        try:
            line = await self.readuntil(sep)
        except exceptions.IncompleteReadError as e:
            return e.partial
        except exceptions.LimitOverrunError as e:
            if self._buffer.startswith(sep, e.consumed):
                del self._buffer[:e.consumed + seplen]
            else:
                self._buffer.clear()
            self._maybe_resume_transport()
            raise ValueError(e.args[0])
        return line

    async def readuntil(self, separator=b'\n'):
        """Read data from the stream until ``separator`` is found.

        On success, the data and separator will be removed from the
        internal buffer (consumed). Returned data will include the
        separator at the end.

        Configured stream limit is used to check result. Limit sets the
        maximal length of data that can be returned, not counting the
        separator.

        If an EOF occurs and the complete separator is still not found,
        an IncompleteReadError exception will be raised, and the internal
        buffer will be reset.  The IncompleteReadError.partial attribute
        may contain the separator partially.

        If the data cannot be read because of over limit, a
        LimitOverrunError exception  will be raised, and the data
        will be left in the internal buffer, so it can be read again.
        """
        seplen = len(separator)
        if seplen == 0:
            raise ValueError('Separator should be at least one-byte string')

        if self._exception is not None:
            raise self._exception

        # Consume whole buffer except last bytes, which length is
        # one less than seplen. Let's check corner cases with
        # separator='SEPARATOR':
        # * we have received almost complete separator (without last
        #   byte). i.e buffer='some textSEPARATO'. In this case we
        #   can safely consume len(separator) - 1 bytes.
        # * last byte of buffer is first byte of separator, i.e.
        #   buffer='abcdefghijklmnopqrS'. We may safely consume
        #   everything except that last byte, but this require to
        #   analyze bytes of buffer that match partial separator.
        #   This is slow and/or require FSM. For this case our
        #   implementation is not optimal, since require rescanning
        #   of data that is known to not belong to separator. In
        #   real world, separator will not be so long to notice
        #   performance problems. Even when reading MIME-encoded
        #   messages :)

        # `offset` is the number of bytes from the beginning of the buffer
        # where there is no occurrence of `separator`.
        offset = 0

        # Loop until we find `separator` in the buffer, exceed the buffer size,
        # or an EOF has happened.
        while True:
            buflen = len(self._buffer)

            # Check if we now have enough data in the buffer for `separator` to
            # fit.
            if buflen - offset >= seplen:
                isep = self._buffer.find(separator, offset)

                if isep != -1:
                    # `separator` is in the buffer. `isep` will be used later
                    # to retrieve the data.
                    break

                # see upper comment for explanation.
                offset = buflen + 1 - seplen
                if offset > self._limit:
                    raise exceptions.LimitOverrunError(
                        'Separator is not found, and chunk exceed the limit',
                        offset)

            # Complete message (with full separator) may be present in buffer
            # even when EOF flag is set. This may happen when the last chunk
            # adds data which makes separator be found. That's why we check for
            # EOF *ater* inspecting the buffer.
            if self._eof:
                chunk = bytes(self._buffer)
                self._buffer.clear()
                raise exceptions.IncompleteReadError(chunk, None)

            # _wait_for_data() will resume reading if stream was paused.
            await self._wait_for_data('readuntil')

        if isep > self._limit:
            raise exceptions.LimitOverrunError(
                'Separator is found, but chunk is longer than limit', isep)

        chunk = self._buffer[:isep + seplen]
        del self._buffer[:isep + seplen]
        self._maybe_resume_transport()
        return bytes(chunk)

    async def read(self, n=-1):
        """Read up to `n` bytes from the stream.

        If `n` is not provided or set to -1,
        read until EOF, then return all read bytes.
        If EOF was received and the internal buffer is empty,
        return an empty bytes object.

        If `n` is 0, return an empty bytes object immediately.

        If `n` is positive, return at most `n` available bytes
        as soon as at least 1 byte is available in the internal buffer.
        If EOF is received before any byte is read, return an empty
        bytes object.

        Returned value is not limited with limit, configured at stream
        creation.

        If stream was paused, this function will automatically resume it if
        needed.
        """

        if self._exception is not None:
            raise self._exception

        if n == 0:
            return b''

        if n < 0:
            # This used to just loop creating a new waiter hoping to
            # collect everything in self._buffer, but that would
            # deadlock if the subprocess sends more than self.limit
            # bytes.  So just call self.read(self._limit) until EOF.
            blocks = []
            while True:
                block = await self.read(self._limit)
                if not block:
                    break
                blocks.append(block)
            return b''.join(blocks)

        if not self._buffer and not self._eof:
            await self._wait_for_data('read')

        # This will work right even if buffer is less than n bytes
        data = bytes(memoryview(self._buffer)[:n])
        del self._buffer[:n]

        self._maybe_resume_transport()
        return data

    async def readexactly(self, n):
        """Read exactly `n` bytes.

        Raise an IncompleteReadError if EOF is reached before `n` bytes can be
        read. The IncompleteReadError.partial attribute of the exception will
        contain the partial read bytes.

        if n is zero, return empty bytes object.

        Returned value is not limited with limit, configured at stream
        creation.

        If stream was paused, this function will automatically resume it if
        needed.
        """
        if n < 0:
            raise ValueError('readexactly size can not be less than zero')

        if self._exception is not None:
            raise self._exception

        if n == 0:
            return b''

        while len(self._buffer) < n:
            if self._eof:
                incomplete = bytes(self._buffer)
                self._buffer.clear()
                raise exceptions.IncompleteReadError(incomplete, n)

            await self._wait_for_data('readexactly')

        if len(self._buffer) == n:
            data = bytes(self._buffer)
            self._buffer.clear()
        else:
            data = bytes(memoryview(self._buffer)[:n])
            del self._buffer[:n]
        self._maybe_resume_transport()
        return data

    def __aiter__(self):
        return self

    async def __anext__(self):
        val = await self.readline()
        if val == b'':
            raise StopAsyncIteration
        return val
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

Deja un comentario

Tu dirección de correo electrónico no será publicada. Los campos obligatorios están marcados con *

¡Hola!