Current File : /var/www/html/maausk/libraries/classes/Import.php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace PhpMyAdmin;

use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Parser;
use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Statements\DeleteStatement;
use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Statements\InsertStatement;
use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Statements\ReplaceStatement;
use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Statements\UpdateStatement;
use PhpMyAdmin\SqlParser\Utils\Query;

use function __;
use function abs;
use function count;
use function explode;
use function function_exists;
use function htmlspecialchars;
use function implode;
use function is_array;
use function is_numeric;
use function max;
use function mb_chr;
use function mb_ord;
use function mb_stripos;
use function mb_strlen;
use function mb_strpos;
use function mb_strtoupper;
use function mb_substr;
use function mb_substr_count;
use function preg_match;
use function preg_replace;
use function sprintf;
use function str_contains;
use function str_starts_with;
use function strcmp;
use function strlen;
use function strpos;
use function substr;
use function time;
use function trim;

/**
 * Library that provides common import functions that are used by import plugins
 */
class Import
{
    /* MySQL type defs */
    public const NONE = 0;
    public const VARCHAR = 1;
    public const INT = 2;
    public const DECIMAL = 3;
    public const BIGINT = 4;
    public const GEOMETRY = 5;
    /* Decimal size defs */
    public const M = 0;
    public const D = 1;
    public const FULL = 2;
    /* Table array defs */
    public const TBL_NAME = 0;
    public const COL_NAMES = 1;
    public const ROWS = 2;
    /* Analysis array defs */
    public const TYPES = 0;
    public const SIZES = 1;
    public const FORMATTEDSQL = 2;

    public function __construct()
    {
        global $dbi;

        $GLOBALS['cfg']['Server']['DisableIS'] = false;

        $checkUserPrivileges = new CheckUserPrivileges($dbi);
        $checkUserPrivileges->getPrivileges();
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether timeout is getting close
     */
    public function checkTimeout(): bool
    {
        global $timestamp, $maximum_time, $timeout_passed;
        if ($maximum_time == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($timeout_passed) {
            return true;

            /* 5 in next row might be too much */
        }

        if (time() - $timestamp > $maximum_time - 5) {
            $timeout_passed = true;

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Runs query inside import buffer. This is needed to allow displaying
     * of last SELECT, SHOW or HANDLER results and similar nice stuff.
     *
     * @param string $sql     query to run
     * @param string $full    query to display, this might be commented
     * @param array  $sqlData SQL parse data storage
     */
    public function executeQuery(string $sql, string $full, array &$sqlData): void
    {
        global $sql_query, $my_die, $error, $reload, $result, $msg, $cfg, $sql_query_disabled, $db, $dbi;

        $result = $dbi->tryQuery($sql);

        // USE query changes the database, son need to track
        // while running multiple queries
        $isUseQuery = mb_stripos($sql, 'use ') !== false;

        $msg = '# ';
        if ($result === false) { // execution failed
            if (! isset($my_die)) {
                $my_die = [];
            }

            $my_die[] = [
                'sql' => $full,
                'error' => $dbi->getError(),
            ];

            $msg .= __('Error');

            if (! $cfg['IgnoreMultiSubmitErrors']) {
                $error = true;

                return;
            }
        } else {
            $aNumRows = (int) $result->numRows();
            $aAffectedRows = (int) @$dbi->affectedRows();
            if ($aNumRows > 0) {
                $msg .= __('Rows') . ': ' . $aNumRows;
            } elseif ($aAffectedRows > 0) {
                $message = Message::getMessageForAffectedRows($aAffectedRows);
                $msg .= $message->getMessage();
            } else {
                $msg .= __('MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows).');
            }

            if (($aNumRows > 0) || $isUseQuery) {
                $sqlData['valid_sql'][] = $sql;
                if (! isset($sqlData['valid_queries'])) {
                    $sqlData['valid_queries'] = 0;
                }

                $sqlData['valid_queries']++;
            }
        }

        if (! $sql_query_disabled) {
            $sql_query .= $msg . "\n";
        }

        // If a 'USE <db>' SQL-clause was found and the query
        // succeeded, set our current $db to the new one
        if ($result != false) {
            [$db, $reload] = $this->lookForUse($sql, $db, $reload);
        }

        $pattern = '@^[\s]*(DROP|CREATE)[\s]+(IF EXISTS[[:space:]]+)?(TABLE|DATABASE)[[:space:]]+(.+)@im';
        if ($result == false || ! preg_match($pattern, $sql)) {
            return;
        }

        $reload = true;
    }

    /**
     * Runs query inside import buffer. This is needed to allow displaying
     * of last SELECT, SHOW or HANDLER results and similar nice stuff.
     *
     * @param string $sql     query to run
     * @param string $full    query to display, this might be commented
     * @param array  $sqlData SQL parse data storage
     */
    public function runQuery(
        string $sql = '',
        string $full = '',
        array &$sqlData = []
    ): void {
        global $import_run_buffer, $go_sql, $complete_query, $display_query, $sql_query, $msg,
            $skip_queries, $executed_queries, $max_sql_len, $read_multiply, $sql_query_disabled, $run_query;
        $read_multiply = 1;
        if (! isset($import_run_buffer)) {
            // Do we have something to push into buffer?
            $import_run_buffer = $this->runQueryPost($import_run_buffer, $sql, $full);

            return;
        }

        // Should we skip something?
        if ($skip_queries > 0) {
            $skip_queries--;
            // Do we have something to push into buffer?
            $import_run_buffer = $this->runQueryPost($import_run_buffer, $sql, $full);

            return;
        }

        if (! empty($import_run_buffer['sql']) && trim($import_run_buffer['sql']) != '') {
            $max_sql_len = max(
                $max_sql_len,
                mb_strlen($import_run_buffer['sql'])
            );
            if (! $sql_query_disabled) {
                $sql_query .= $import_run_buffer['full'];
            }

            $executed_queries++;

            if ($run_query && $executed_queries < 50) {
                $go_sql = true;

                if (! $sql_query_disabled) {
                    $complete_query = $sql_query;
                    $display_query = $sql_query;
                } else {
                    $complete_query = '';
                    $display_query = '';
                }

                $sql_query = $import_run_buffer['sql'];
                $sqlData['valid_sql'][] = $import_run_buffer['sql'];
                $sqlData['valid_full'][] = $import_run_buffer['full'];
                if (! isset($sqlData['valid_queries'])) {
                    $sqlData['valid_queries'] = 0;
                }

                $sqlData['valid_queries']++;
            } elseif ($run_query) {
                /* Handle rollback from go_sql */
                if ($go_sql && isset($sqlData['valid_full'])) {
                    $queries = $sqlData['valid_sql'];
                    $fulls = $sqlData['valid_full'];
                    $count = $sqlData['valid_queries'];
                    $go_sql = false;

                    $sqlData['valid_sql'] = [];
                    $sqlData['valid_queries'] = 0;
                    unset($sqlData['valid_full']);
                    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
                        $this->executeQuery($queries[$i], $fulls[$i], $sqlData);
                    }
                }

                $this->executeQuery($import_run_buffer['sql'], $import_run_buffer['full'], $sqlData);
            }
        } elseif (! empty($import_run_buffer['full'])) {
            if ($go_sql) {
                $complete_query .= $import_run_buffer['full'];
                $display_query .= $import_run_buffer['full'];
            } elseif (! $sql_query_disabled) {
                $sql_query .= $import_run_buffer['full'];
            }
        }

        // check length of query unless we decided to pass it to /sql
        // (if $run_query is false, we are just displaying so show
        // the complete query in the textarea)
        if (! $go_sql && $run_query && ! empty($sql_query)) {
            if (mb_strlen($sql_query) > 50000 || $executed_queries > 50 || $max_sql_len > 1000) {
                $sql_query = '';
                $sql_query_disabled = true;
            }
        }

        // Do we have something to push into buffer?
        $import_run_buffer = $this->runQueryPost($import_run_buffer, $sql, $full);

        // In case of ROLLBACK, notify the user.
        if (! isset($_POST['rollback_query'])) {
            return;
        }

        $msg .= __('[ROLLBACK occurred.]');
    }

    /**
     * Return import run buffer
     *
     * @param array  $importRunBuffer Buffer of queries for import
     * @param string $sql             SQL query
     * @param string $full            Query to display
     *
     * @return array Buffer of queries for import
     */
    public function runQueryPost(
        ?array $importRunBuffer,
        string $sql,
        string $full
    ): ?array {
        if (! empty($sql) || ! empty($full)) {
            return [
                'sql' => $sql . ';',
                'full' => $full . ';',
            ];
        }

        unset($GLOBALS['import_run_buffer']);

        return $importRunBuffer;
    }

    /**
     * Looks for the presence of USE to possibly change current db
     *
     * @param string $buffer buffer to examine
     * @param string $db     current db
     * @param bool   $reload reload
     *
     * @return array (current or new db, whether to reload)
     */
    public function lookForUse(?string $buffer, ?string $db, ?bool $reload): array
    {
        if (preg_match('@^[\s]*USE[[:space:]]+([\S]+)@i', (string) $buffer, $match)) {
            $db = trim($match[1]);
            $db = trim($db, ';'); // for example, USE abc;

            // $db must not contain the escape characters generated by backquote()
            // ( used in buildSql() as: backquote($db_name), and then called
            // in runQuery() which in turn calls lookForUse() )
            $db = Util::unQuote($db);

            $reload = true;
        }

        return [
            $db,
            $reload,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Returns next part of imported file/buffer
     *
     * @param int $size size of buffer to read (this is maximal size function will return)
     *
     * @return string|bool part of file/buffer
     */
    public function getNextChunk(?File $importHandle = null, int $size = 32768)
    {
        global $charset_conversion, $charset_of_file, $read_multiply;

        // Add some progression while reading large amount of data
        if ($read_multiply <= 8) {
            $size *= $read_multiply;
        } else {
            $size *= 8;
        }

        $read_multiply++;

        // We can not read too much
        if ($size > $GLOBALS['read_limit']) {
            $size = $GLOBALS['read_limit'];
        }

        if ($this->checkTimeout()) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($GLOBALS['finished']) {
            return true;
        }

        if ($GLOBALS['import_file'] === 'none') {
            // Well this is not yet supported and tested,
            // but should return content of textarea
            if (mb_strlen($GLOBALS['import_text']) < $size) {
                $GLOBALS['finished'] = true;

                return $GLOBALS['import_text'];
            }

            $r = mb_substr($GLOBALS['import_text'], 0, $size);
            $GLOBALS['offset'] += $size;
            $GLOBALS['import_text'] = mb_substr($GLOBALS['import_text'], $size);

            return $r;
        }

        if ($importHandle === null) {
            return false;
        }

        $result = $importHandle->read($size);
        $GLOBALS['finished'] = $importHandle->eof();
        $GLOBALS['offset'] += $size;

        if ($charset_conversion) {
            return Encoding::convertString($charset_of_file, 'utf-8', $result);
        }

        /**
         * Skip possible byte order marks (I do not think we need more
         * charsets, but feel free to add more, you can use wikipedia for
         * reference: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark>)
         *
         * @todo BOM could be used for charset autodetection
         */
        if ($GLOBALS['offset'] == $size) {
            $result = $this->skipByteOrderMarksFromContents($result);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Skip possible byte order marks (I do not think we need more
     * charsets, but feel free to add more, you can use wikipedia for
     * reference: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark>)
     *
     * @param string $contents The contents to strip BOM
     *
     * @todo BOM could be used for charset autodetection
     */
    public function skipByteOrderMarksFromContents(string $contents): string
    {
        // Do not use mb_ functions they are sensible to mb_internal_encoding()

        // UTF-8
        if (str_starts_with($contents, "\xEF\xBB\xBF")) {
            return substr($contents, 3);

            // UTF-16 BE, LE
        }

        if (str_starts_with($contents, "\xFE\xFF") || str_starts_with($contents, "\xFF\xFE")) {
            return substr($contents, 2);
        }

        return $contents;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the "Excel" column name (i.e. 1 = "A", 26 = "Z", 27 = "AA", etc.)
     *
     * This functions uses recursion to build the Excel column name.
     *
     * The column number (1-26) is converted to the responding
     * ASCII character (A-Z) and returned.
     *
     * If the column number is bigger than 26 (= num of letters in alphabet),
     * an extra character needs to be added. To find this extra character,
     * the number is divided by 26 and this value is passed to another instance
     * of the same function (hence recursion). In that new instance the number is
     * evaluated again, and if it is still bigger than 26, it is divided again
     * and passed to another instance of the same function. This continues until
     * the number is smaller than 26. Then the last called function returns
     * the corresponding ASCII character to the function that called it.
     * Each time a called function ends an extra character is added to the column name.
     * When the first function is reached, the last character is added and the complete
     * column name is returned.
     *
     * @param int $num the column number
     *
     * @return string The column's "Excel" name
     */
    public function getColumnAlphaName(int $num): string
    {
        $capitalA = 65; // ASCII value for capital "A"
        $colName = '';

        if ($num > 26) {
            $div = (int) ($num / 26);
            $remain = $num % 26;

            // subtract 1 of divided value in case the modulus is 0,
            // this is necessary because A-Z has no 'zero'
            if ($remain == 0) {
                $div--;
            }

            // recursive function call
            $colName = $this->getColumnAlphaName($div);
            // use modulus as new column number
            $num = $remain;
        }

        if ($num == 0) {
            // use 'Z' if column number is 0,
            // this is necessary because A-Z has no 'zero'
            $colName .= mb_chr($capitalA + 26 - 1);
        } else {
            // convert column number to ASCII character
            $colName .= mb_chr($capitalA + $num - 1);
        }

        return $colName;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the column number based on the Excel name.
     * So "A" = 1, "Z" = 26, "AA" = 27, etc.
     *
     * Basically this is a base26 (A-Z) to base10 (0-9) conversion.
     * It iterates through all characters in the column name and
     * calculates the corresponding value, based on character value
     * (A = 1, ..., Z = 26) and position in the string.
     *
     * @param string $name column name(i.e. "A", or "BC", etc.)
     *
     * @return int The column number
     */
    public function getColumnNumberFromName(string $name): int
    {
        if (empty($name)) {
            return 0;
        }

        $name = mb_strtoupper($name);
        $numChars = mb_strlen($name);
        $columnNumber = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i < $numChars; ++$i) {
            // read string from back to front
            $charPos = $numChars - 1 - $i;

            // convert capital character to ASCII value
            // and subtract 64 to get corresponding decimal value
            // ASCII value of "A" is 65, "B" is 66, etc.
            // Decimal equivalent of "A" is 1, "B" is 2, etc.
            $number = (int) (mb_ord($name[$charPos]) - 64);

            // base26 to base10 conversion : multiply each number
            // with corresponding value of the position, in this case
            // $i=0 : 1; $i=1 : 26; $i=2 : 676; ...
            $columnNumber += $number * 26 ** $i;
        }

        return (int) $columnNumber;
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the precision (total # of digits) from a size of type decimal
     *
     * @param string $lastCumulativeSize Size of type decimal
     *
     * @return int Precision of the given decimal size notation
     */
    public function getDecimalPrecision(string $lastCumulativeSize): int
    {
        return (int) substr(
            $lastCumulativeSize,
            0,
            (int) strpos($lastCumulativeSize, ',')
        );
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the scale (# of digits to the right of the decimal point)
     * from a size of type decimal
     *
     * @param string $lastCumulativeSize Size of type decimal
     *
     * @return int Scale of the given decimal size notation
     */
    public function getDecimalScale(string $lastCumulativeSize): int
    {
        return (int) substr(
            $lastCumulativeSize,
            strpos($lastCumulativeSize, ',') + 1,
            strlen($lastCumulativeSize) - strpos($lastCumulativeSize, ',')
        );
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the decimal size of a given cell
     *
     * @param string $cell cell content
     *
     * @return array Contains the precision, scale, and full size
     *                representation of the given decimal cell
     */
    public function getDecimalSize(string $cell): array
    {
        $currSize = mb_strlen($cell);
        $decPos = mb_strpos($cell, '.');
        $decPrecision = $currSize - 1 - $decPos;

        $m = $currSize - 1;
        $d = $decPrecision;

        return [
            $m,
            $d,
            $m . ',' . $d,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the size of the given cell
     *
     * @param string|int $lastCumulativeSize Last cumulative column size
     * @param int|null   $lastCumulativeType Last cumulative column type (NONE or VARCHAR or DECIMAL or INT or BIGINT)
     * @param int        $currentCellType    Type of the current cell (NONE or VARCHAR or DECIMAL or INT or BIGINT)
     * @param string     $cell               The current cell
     *
     * @return string|int Size of the given cell in the type-appropriate format
     *
     * @todo    Handle the error cases more elegantly
     */
    public function detectSize(
        $lastCumulativeSize,
        ?int $lastCumulativeType,
        int $currentCellType,
        string $cell
    ) {
        $currSize = mb_strlen($cell);

        /**
         * If the cell is NULL, don't treat it as a varchar
         */
        if (! strcmp('NULL', $cell)) {
            return $lastCumulativeSize;
        }

        if ($currentCellType == self::VARCHAR) {
            /**
             * What to do if the current cell is of type VARCHAR
             */
            /**
             * The last cumulative type was VARCHAR
             */
            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::VARCHAR) {
                if ($currSize >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $currSize;
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::DECIMAL) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was DECIMAL
                 */
                $oldM = $this->getDecimalPrecision($lastCumulativeSize);

                if ($currSize >= $oldM) {
                    return $currSize;
                }

                return $oldM;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::BIGINT || $lastCumulativeType == self::INT) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was BIGINT or INT
                 */
                if ($currSize >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $currSize;
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if (! isset($lastCumulativeType) || $lastCumulativeType == self::NONE) {
                /**
                 * This is the first row to be analyzed
                 */
                return $currSize;
            }

            /**
             * An error has DEFINITELY occurred
             */
            /**
             * TODO: Handle this MUCH more elegantly
             */

            return -1;
        }

        if ($currentCellType == self::DECIMAL) {
            /**
             * What to do if the current cell is of type DECIMAL
             */
            /**
             * The last cumulative type was VARCHAR
             */
            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::VARCHAR) {
                /* Convert $last_cumulative_size from varchar to decimal format */
                $size = $this->getDecimalSize($cell);

                if ($size[self::M] >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $size[self::M];
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::DECIMAL) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was DECIMAL
                 */
                $size = $this->getDecimalSize($cell);

                $oldM = $this->getDecimalPrecision($lastCumulativeSize);
                $oldD = $this->getDecimalScale($lastCumulativeSize);

                /* New val if M or D is greater than current largest */
                if ($size[self::M] > $oldM || $size[self::D] > $oldD) {
                    /* Take the largest of both types */
                    return (string) (($size[self::M] > $oldM ? $size[self::M] : $oldM)
                        . ',' . ($size[self::D] > $oldD ? $size[self::D] : $oldD));
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::BIGINT || $lastCumulativeType == self::INT) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was BIGINT or INT
                 */
                /* Convert $last_cumulative_size from int to decimal format */
                $size = $this->getDecimalSize($cell);

                if ($size[self::M] >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $size[self::FULL];
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize . ',' . $size[self::D];
            }

            if (! isset($lastCumulativeType) || $lastCumulativeType == self::NONE) {
                /**
                 * This is the first row to be analyzed
                 */
                /* First row of the column */
                $size = $this->getDecimalSize($cell);

                return $size[self::FULL];
            }

            /**
             * An error has DEFINITELY occurred
             */
            /**
             * TODO: Handle this MUCH more elegantly
             */

            return -1;
        }

        if ($currentCellType == self::BIGINT || $currentCellType == self::INT) {
            /**
             * What to do if the current cell is of type BIGINT or INT
             */
            /**
             * The last cumulative type was VARCHAR
             */
            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::VARCHAR) {
                if ($currSize >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $currSize;
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::DECIMAL) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was DECIMAL
                 */
                $oldM = $this->getDecimalPrecision($lastCumulativeSize);
                $oldD = $this->getDecimalScale($lastCumulativeSize);
                $oldInt = $oldM - $oldD;
                $newInt = mb_strlen((string) $cell);

                /* See which has the larger integer length */
                if ($oldInt >= $newInt) {
                    /* Use old decimal size */
                    return $lastCumulativeSize;
                }

                /* Use $newInt + $oldD as new M */
                return ($newInt + $oldD) . ',' . $oldD;
            }

            if ($lastCumulativeType == self::BIGINT || $lastCumulativeType == self::INT) {
                /**
                 * The last cumulative type was BIGINT or INT
                 */
                if ($currSize >= $lastCumulativeSize) {
                    return $currSize;
                }

                return $lastCumulativeSize;
            }

            if (! isset($lastCumulativeType) || $lastCumulativeType == self::NONE) {
                /**
                 * This is the first row to be analyzed
                 */
                return $currSize;
            }

            /**
             * An error has DEFINITELY occurred
             */
            /**
             * TODO: Handle this MUCH more elegantly
             */

            return -1;
        }

        /**
         * An error has DEFINITELY occurred
         */
        /**
         * TODO: Handle this MUCH more elegantly
         */

        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Determines what MySQL type a cell is
     *
     * @param int         $lastCumulativeType Last cumulative column type
     *                                        (VARCHAR or INT or BIGINT or DECIMAL or NONE)
     * @param string|null $cell               String representation of the cell for which
     *                                        a best-fit type is to be determined
     *
     * @return int  The MySQL type representation
     *               (VARCHAR or INT or BIGINT or DECIMAL or NONE)
     */
    public function detectType(?int $lastCumulativeType, ?string $cell): int
    {
        /**
         * If numeric, determine if decimal, int or bigint
         * Else, we call it varchar for simplicity
         */

        if (! strcmp('NULL', (string) $cell)) {
            if ($lastCumulativeType === null || $lastCumulativeType == self::NONE) {
                return self::NONE;
            }

            return $lastCumulativeType;
        }

        if (! is_numeric($cell)) {
            return self::VARCHAR;
        }

        if (
            $cell == (string) (float) $cell
            && str_contains((string) $cell, '.')
            && mb_substr_count((string) $cell, '.') === 1
        ) {
            return self::DECIMAL;
        }

        if (abs((int) $cell) > 2147483647) {
            return self::BIGINT;
        }

        if ($cell !== (string) (int) $cell) {
            return self::VARCHAR;
        }

        return self::INT;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the column types are int, decimal, or string
     *
     * @link https://wiki.phpmyadmin.net/pma/Import
     *
     * @param array $table array(string $table_name, array $col_names, array $rows)
     *
     * @return array|bool array(array $types, array $sizes)
     *
     * @todo    Handle the error case more elegantly
     */
    public function analyzeTable(array &$table)
    {
        /* Get number of rows in table */
        $numRows = count($table[self::ROWS]);
        /* Get number of columns */
        $numCols = count($table[self::COL_NAMES]);
        /* Current type for each column */
        $types = [];
        $sizes = [];

        /* Initialize $sizes to all 0's */
        for ($i = 0; $i < $numCols; ++$i) {
            $sizes[$i] = 0;
        }

        /* Initialize $types to NONE */
        for ($i = 0; $i < $numCols; ++$i) {
            $types[$i] = self::NONE;
        }

        /* If the passed array is not of the correct form, do not process it */
        if (
            is_array($table[self::TBL_NAME])
            || ! is_array($table[self::COL_NAMES])
            || ! is_array($table[self::ROWS])
        ) {
            /**
             * TODO: Handle this better
             */

            return false;
        }

        /* Analyze each column */
        for ($i = 0; $i < $numCols; ++$i) {
            /* Analyze the column in each row */
            for ($j = 0; $j < $numRows; ++$j) {
                $cellValue = $table[self::ROWS][$j][$i];
                /* Determine type of the current cell */
                $currType = $this->detectType($types[$i], $cellValue === null ? null : (string) $cellValue);
                /* Determine size of the current cell */
                $sizes[$i] = $this->detectSize($sizes[$i], $types[$i], $currType, (string) $cellValue);

                /**
                 * If a type for this column has already been declared,
                 * only alter it if it was a number and a varchar was found
                 */
                if ($currType == self::NONE) {
                    continue;
                }

                if ($currType == self::VARCHAR) {
                    $types[$i] = self::VARCHAR;
                } elseif ($currType == self::DECIMAL) {
                    if ($types[$i] != self::VARCHAR) {
                        $types[$i] = self::DECIMAL;
                    }
                } elseif ($currType == self::BIGINT) {
                    if ($types[$i] != self::VARCHAR && $types[$i] != self::DECIMAL) {
                        $types[$i] = self::BIGINT;
                    }
                } elseif ($currType == self::INT) {
                    if ($types[$i] != self::VARCHAR && $types[$i] != self::DECIMAL && $types[$i] != self::BIGINT) {
                        $types[$i] = self::INT;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* Check to ensure that all types are valid */
        $len = count($types);
        for ($n = 0; $n < $len; ++$n) {
            if (strcmp((string) self::NONE, (string) $types[$n])) {
                continue;
            }

            $types[$n] = self::VARCHAR;
            $sizes[$n] = '10';
        }

        return [
            $types,
            $sizes,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Builds and executes SQL statements to create the database and tables
     * as necessary, as well as insert all the data.
     *
     * @link https://wiki.phpmyadmin.net/pma/Import
     *
     * @param string     $dbName        Name of the database
     * @param array      $tables        Array of tables for the specified database
     * @param array|null $analyses      Analyses of the tables
     * @param array|null $additionalSql Additional SQL statements to be executed
     * @param array|null $options       Associative array of options
     * @param array      $sqlData       2-element array with sql data
     */
    public function buildSql(
        string $dbName,
        array &$tables,
        ?array &$analyses = null,
        ?array &$additionalSql = null,
        ?array $options = null,
        array &$sqlData = []
    ): void {
        global $import_notice, $dbi;

        /* Needed to quell the beast that is Message */
        $import_notice = null;

        /* Take care of the options */
        $collation = $options['db_collation'] ?? 'utf8_general_ci';
        $charset = $options['db_charset'] ?? 'utf8';
        $createDb = $options['create_db'] ?? true;

        /**
         * Create SQL code to handle the database
         *
         * @var array<int,string> $sql
         */
        $sql = [];

        if ($createDb) {
            $sql[] = 'CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ' . Util::backquote($dbName)
                . ' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ' . $charset . ' COLLATE ' . $collation
                . ';';
        }

        /**
         * The calling plug-in should include this statement,
         * if necessary, in the $additional_sql parameter
         *
         * $sql[] = "USE " . backquote($db_name);
         */

        /* Execute the SQL statements create above */
        $sqlLength = count($sql);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $sqlLength; ++$i) {
            $this->runQuery($sql[$i], $sql[$i], $sqlData);
        }

        /* No longer needed */
        unset($sql);

        /* Run the $additional_sql statements supplied by the caller plug-in */
        if ($additionalSql != null) {
            /* Clean the SQL first */
            $additionalSqlLength = count($additionalSql);

            /**
             * Only match tables for now, because CREATE IF NOT EXISTS
             * syntax is lacking or nonexisting for views, triggers,
             * functions, and procedures.
             *
             * See: https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=15287
             *
             * To the best of my knowledge this is still an issue.
             *
             * $pattern = 'CREATE (TABLE|VIEW|TRIGGER|FUNCTION|PROCEDURE)';
             */
            $pattern = '/CREATE [^`]*(TABLE)/';
            $replacement = 'CREATE \\1 IF NOT EXISTS';

            /* Change CREATE statements to CREATE IF NOT EXISTS to support
             * inserting into existing structures
             */
            for ($i = 0; $i < $additionalSqlLength; ++$i) {
                $additionalSql[$i] = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $additionalSql[$i]);
                /* Execute the resulting statements */
                $this->runQuery($additionalSql[$i], $additionalSql[$i], $sqlData);
            }
        }

        if ($analyses != null) {
            $typeArray = [
                self::NONE => 'NULL',
                self::VARCHAR => 'varchar',
                self::INT => 'int',
                self::DECIMAL => 'decimal',
                self::BIGINT => 'bigint',
                self::GEOMETRY => 'geometry',
            ];

            /* TODO: Do more checking here to make sure they really are matched */
            if (count($tables) != count($analyses)) {
                exit;
            }

            /* Create SQL code to create the tables */
            $numTables = count($tables);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $numTables; ++$i) {
                $numCols = count($tables[$i][self::COL_NAMES]);
                $tempSQLStr = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS '
                . Util::backquote($dbName)
                . '.' . Util::backquote($tables[$i][self::TBL_NAME]) . ' (';
                for ($j = 0; $j < $numCols; ++$j) {
                    $size = $analyses[$i][self::SIZES][$j];
                    if ((int) $size == 0) {
                        $size = 10;
                    }

                    $tempSQLStr .= Util::backquote($tables[$i][self::COL_NAMES][$j]) . ' '
                    . $typeArray[$analyses[$i][self::TYPES][$j]];
                    if ($analyses[$i][self::TYPES][$j] != self::GEOMETRY) {
                        $tempSQLStr .= '(' . $size . ')';
                    }

                    if ($j == count($tables[$i][self::COL_NAMES]) - 1) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $tempSQLStr .= ', ';
                }

                $tempSQLStr .= ') DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ' . $charset
                    . ' COLLATE ' . $collation . ';';

                /**
                 * Each SQL statement is executed immediately
                 * after it is formed so that we don't have
                 * to store them in a (possibly large) buffer
                 */
                $this->runQuery($tempSQLStr, $tempSQLStr, $sqlData);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Create the SQL statements to insert all the data
         *
         * Only one insert query is formed for each table
         */
        $tempSQLStr = '';
        $colCount = 0;
        $numTables = count($tables);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $numTables; ++$i) {
            $numCols = count($tables[$i][self::COL_NAMES]);
            $numRows = count($tables[$i][self::ROWS]);

            $tempSQLStr = 'INSERT INTO ' . Util::backquote($dbName) . '.'
                . Util::backquote($tables[$i][self::TBL_NAME]) . ' (';

            for ($m = 0; $m < $numCols; ++$m) {
                $tempSQLStr .= Util::backquote($tables[$i][self::COL_NAMES][$m]);

                if ($m == $numCols - 1) {
                    continue;
                }

                $tempSQLStr .= ', ';
            }

            $tempSQLStr .= ') VALUES ';

            for ($j = 0; $j < $numRows; ++$j) {
                $tempSQLStr .= '(';

                for ($k = 0; $k < $numCols; ++$k) {
                    // If fully formatted SQL, no need to enclose
                    // with apostrophes, add slashes etc.
                    if (
                        $analyses != null
                        && isset($analyses[$i][self::FORMATTEDSQL][$colCount])
                        && $analyses[$i][self::FORMATTEDSQL][$colCount] == true
                    ) {
                        $tempSQLStr .= (string) $tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j][$k];
                    } else {
                        if ($analyses != null) {
                            $isVarchar = ($analyses[$i][self::TYPES][$colCount] === self::VARCHAR);
                        } else {
                            $isVarchar = ! is_numeric($tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j][$k]);
                        }

                        /* Don't put quotes around NULL fields */
                        if (! strcmp((string) $tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j][$k], 'NULL')) {
                            $isVarchar = false;
                        }

                        $tempSQLStr .= $isVarchar ? "'" : '';
                        $tempSQLStr .= $dbi->escapeString((string) $tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j][$k]);
                        $tempSQLStr .= $isVarchar ? "'" : '';
                    }

                    if ($k != $numCols - 1) {
                        $tempSQLStr .= ', ';
                    }

                    if ($colCount == $numCols - 1) {
                        $colCount = 0;
                    } else {
                        $colCount++;
                    }

                    /* Delete the cell after we are done with it */
                    unset($tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j][$k]);
                }

                $tempSQLStr .= ')';

                if ($j != $numRows - 1) {
                    $tempSQLStr .= ",\n ";
                }

                $colCount = 0;
                /* Delete the row after we are done with it */
                unset($tables[$i][self::ROWS][$j]);
            }

            $tempSQLStr .= ';';

            /**
             * Each SQL statement is executed immediately
             * after it is formed so that we don't have
             * to store them in a (possibly large) buffer
             */
            $this->runQuery($tempSQLStr, $tempSQLStr, $sqlData);
        }

        /* No longer needed */
        unset($tempSQLStr);

        /**
         * A work in progress
         */

        /**
         * Add the viewable structures from $additional_sql
         * to $tables so they are also displayed
         */
        $viewPattern = '@VIEW `[^`]+`\.`([^`]+)@';
        $tablePattern = '@CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `([^`]+)`@';
        /* Check a third pattern to make sure its not a "USE `db_name`;" statement */

        $regs = [];

        $inTables = false;

        $additionalSqlLength = $additionalSql === null ? 0 : count($additionalSql);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $additionalSqlLength; ++$i) {
            preg_match($viewPattern, $additionalSql[$i], $regs);

            if (count($regs) === 0) {
                preg_match($tablePattern, $additionalSql[$i], $regs);
            }

            if (count($regs)) {
                for ($n = 0; $n < $numTables; ++$n) {
                    if (! strcmp($regs[1], $tables[$n][self::TBL_NAME])) {
                        $inTables = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (! $inTables) {
                    $tables[] = [self::TBL_NAME => $regs[1]];
                }
            }

            /* Reset the array */
            $regs = [];
            $inTables = false;
        }

        $params = ['db' => $dbName];
        $dbUrl = Url::getFromRoute('/database/structure', $params);
        $dbOperationsUrl = Url::getFromRoute('/database/operations', $params);

        $message = '<br><br>';
        $message .= '<strong>' . __(
            'The following structures have either been created or altered. Here you can:'
        ) . '</strong><br>';
        $message .= '<ul><li>' . __("View a structure's contents by clicking on its name.") . '</li>';
        $message .= '<li>' . __('Change any of its settings by clicking the corresponding "Options" link.') . '</li>';
        $message .= '<li>' . __('Edit structure by following the "Structure" link.')
            . '</li>';
        $message .= sprintf(
            '<br><li><a href="%s" title="%s">%s</a> (<a href="%s" title="%s">'
            . __('Options') . '</a>)</li>',
            $dbUrl,
            sprintf(
                __('Go to database: %s'),
                htmlspecialchars(Util::backquote($dbName))
            ),
            htmlspecialchars($dbName),
            $dbOperationsUrl,
            sprintf(
                __('Edit settings for %s'),
                htmlspecialchars(Util::backquote($dbName))
            )
        );

        $message .= '<ul>';

        unset($params);

        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $params = [
                'db' => $dbName,
                'table' => (string) $table[self::TBL_NAME],
            ];
            $tblUrl = Url::getFromRoute('/sql', $params);
            $tblStructUrl = Url::getFromRoute('/table/structure', $params);
            $tblOpsUrl = Url::getFromRoute('/table/operations', $params);

            unset($params);

            $tableObj = new Table($table[self::TBL_NAME], $dbName);
            if (! $tableObj->isView()) {
                $message .= sprintf(
                    '<li><a href="%s" title="%s">%s</a> (<a href="%s" title="%s">' . __(
                        'Structure'
                    ) . '</a>) (<a href="%s" title="%s">' . __('Options') . '</a>)</li>',
                    $tblUrl,
                    sprintf(
                        __('Go to table: %s'),
                        htmlspecialchars(
                            Util::backquote($table[self::TBL_NAME])
                        )
                    ),
                    htmlspecialchars($table[self::TBL_NAME]),
                    $tblStructUrl,
                    sprintf(
                        __('Structure of %s'),
                        htmlspecialchars(
                            Util::backquote($table[self::TBL_NAME])
                        )
                    ),
                    $tblOpsUrl,
                    sprintf(
                        __('Edit settings for %s'),
                        htmlspecialchars(
                            Util::backquote($table[self::TBL_NAME])
                        )
                    )
                );
            } else {
                $message .= sprintf(
                    '<li><a href="%s" title="%s">%s</a></li>',
                    $tblUrl,
                    sprintf(
                        __('Go to view: %s'),
                        htmlspecialchars(
                            Util::backquote($table[self::TBL_NAME])
                        )
                    ),
                    htmlspecialchars($table[self::TBL_NAME])
                );
            }
        }

        $message .= '</ul></ul>';

        $import_notice = $message;
    }

    /**
     * Handles request for ROLLBACK.
     *
     * @param string $sqlQuery SQL query(s)
     */
    public function handleRollbackRequest(string $sqlQuery): void
    {
        global $dbi;

        $sqlDelimiter = $_POST['sql_delimiter'];
        $queries = explode($sqlDelimiter, $sqlQuery);
        $error = false;
        $errorMsg = __(
            'Only INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and REPLACE '
            . 'SQL queries containing transactional engine tables can be rolled back.'
        );
        foreach ($queries as $sqlQuery) {
            if (empty($sqlQuery)) {
                continue;
            }

            // Check each query for ROLLBACK support.
            if ($this->checkIfRollbackPossible($sqlQuery)) {
                continue;
            }

            $globalError = $dbi->getError();
            if ($globalError) {
                $error = $globalError;
            } else {
                $error = $errorMsg;
            }

            break;
        }

        if ($error) {
            unset($_POST['rollback_query']);
            $response = ResponseRenderer::getInstance();
            $message = Message::rawError($error);
            $response->addJSON('message', $message);
            exit;
        }

        // If everything fine, START a transaction.
        $dbi->query('START TRANSACTION');
    }

    /**
     * Checks if ROLLBACK is possible for a SQL query or not.
     *
     * @param string $sqlQuery SQL query
     */
    public function checkIfRollbackPossible(string $sqlQuery): bool
    {
        $parser = new Parser($sqlQuery);

        if (empty($parser->statements[0])) {
            return true;
        }

        $statement = $parser->statements[0];

        // Check if query is supported.
        if (
            ! (($statement instanceof InsertStatement)
            || ($statement instanceof UpdateStatement)
            || ($statement instanceof DeleteStatement)
            || ($statement instanceof ReplaceStatement))
        ) {
            return false;
        }

        // Get table_references from the query.
        $tables = Query::getTables($statement);

        // Check if each table is 'InnoDB'.
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            if (! $this->isTableTransactional($table)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a table is 'InnoDB' or not.
     *
     * @param string $table Table details
     */
    public function isTableTransactional(string $table): bool
    {
        global $dbi;

        $table = explode('.', $table);
        if (count($table) === 2) {
            $db = Util::unQuote($table[0]);
            $table = Util::unQuote($table[1]);
        } else {
            $db = $GLOBALS['db'];
            $table = Util::unQuote($table[0]);
        }

        // Query to check if table exists.
        $checkTableQuery = 'SELECT * FROM ' . Util::backquote($db)
            . '.' . Util::backquote($table) . ' '
            . 'LIMIT 1';

        $result = $dbi->tryQuery($checkTableQuery);

        if (! $result) {
            return false;
        }

        // List of Transactional Engines.
        $transactionalEngines = [
            'INNODB',
            'FALCON',
            'NDB',
            'INFINIDB',
            'TOKUDB',
            'XTRADB',
            'SEQUENCE',
            'BDB',
        ];

        // Query to check if table is 'Transactional'.
        $checkQuery = 'SELECT `ENGINE` FROM `information_schema`.`tables` '
            . 'WHERE `table_name` = "' . $dbi->escapeString($table) . '" '
            . 'AND `table_schema` = "' . $dbi->escapeString($db) . '" '
            . 'AND UPPER(`engine`) IN ("'
            . implode('", "', $transactionalEngines)
            . '")';

        $result = $dbi->tryQuery($checkQuery);

        return $result && $result->numRows() == 1;
    }

    /** @return string[] */
    public static function getCompressions(): array
    {
        global $cfg;

        $compressions = [];

        if ($cfg['GZipDump'] && function_exists('gzopen')) {
            $compressions[] = 'gzip';
        }

        if ($cfg['BZipDump'] && function_exists('bzopen')) {
            $compressions[] = 'bzip2';
        }

        if ($cfg['ZipDump'] && function_exists('zip_open')) {
            $compressions[] = 'zip';
        }

        return $compressions;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $importList List of plugin instances.
     *
     * @return false|string
     */
    public static function getLocalFiles(array $importList)
    {
        $fileListing = new FileListing();

        $extensions = '';
        foreach ($importList as $importPlugin) {
            if (! empty($extensions)) {
                $extensions .= '|';
            }

            $extensions .= $importPlugin->getProperties()->getExtension();
        }

        $matcher = '@\.(' . $extensions . ')(\.(' . $fileListing->supportedDecompressions() . '))?$@';

        $active = isset($GLOBALS['timeout_passed'], $GLOBALS['local_import_file']) && $GLOBALS['timeout_passed']
            ? $GLOBALS['local_import_file']
            : '';

        return $fileListing->getFileSelectOptions(
            Util::userDir((string) ($GLOBALS['cfg']['UploadDir'] ?? '')),
            $matcher,
            $active
        );
    }
}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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