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# Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com)
and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org).

## [Unreleased]


## [1.8.2] - 2019-07-08

### Fixed

- Uncaught error when opening ods file and properties aren't defined - [Issue #1047](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/1047)
- Xlsx Reader Cell datavalidations bug - [PR #1052](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/1052)

## [1.8.1] - 2019-07-02

### Fixed

- Allow nullable theme for Xlsx Style Reader class - [Issue #1043](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/1043)

## [1.8.0] - 2019-07-01

### Security Fix (CVE-2019-12331)

- Detect double-encoded xml in the Security scanner, and reject as suspicious.
- This change also broadens the scope of the `libxml_disable_entity_loader` setting when reading XML-based formats, so that it is enabled while the xml is being parsed and not simply while it is loaded.
  On some versions of PHP, this can cause problems because it is not thread-safe, and can affect other PHP scripts running on the same server. This flag is set to true when instantiating a loader, and back to its original setting when the Reader is no longer in scope, or manually unset.
- Provide a check to identify whether libxml_disable_entity_loader is thread-safe or not.

  `XmlScanner::threadSafeLibxmlDisableEntityLoaderAvailability()`
- Provide an option to disable the libxml_disable_entity_loader call through settings. This is not recommended as it reduces the security of the XML-based readers, and should only be used if you understand the consequences and have no other choice.
 
### Added

- Added support for the SWITCH function - [Issue #963](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/963) and [PR #983](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/983)
- Add accounting number format style [#974](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/974)

### Fixed

- Whitelist `tsv` extension when opening CSV files [#429](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/429)
- Fix a SUMIF warning with some versions of PHP when having different length of arrays provided as input [#873](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/873)
- Fix incorrectly handled backslash-escaped space characters in number format

## [1.7.0] - 2019-05-26

- Added support for inline styles in Html reader (borders, alignment, width, height)
- QuotedText cells no longer treated as formulae if the content begins with a `=`
- Clean handling for DDE in formulae

### Fixed

- Fix handling for escaped enclosures and new lines in CSV Separator Inference
- Fix MATCH an error was appearing when comparing strings against 0 (always true)
- Fix wrong calculation of highest column with specified row [#700](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/700)
- Fix VLOOKUP 
- Fix return type hint

## [1.6.0] - 2019-01-02

### Added

- Refactored Matrix Functions to use external Matrix library
- Possibility to specify custom colors of values for pie and donut charts - [#768](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/768)

### Fixed

- Improve XLSX parsing speed if no readFilter is applied - [#772](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/772)
- Fix column names if read filter calls in XLSX reader skip columns - [#777](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/777)
- XLSX reader can now ignore blank cells, using the setReadEmptyCells(false) method. - [#810](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/810)
- Fix LOOKUP function which was breaking on edge cases - [#796](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/796)
- Fix VLOOKUP with exact matches - [#809](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/809)
- Support COUNTIFS multiple arguments - [#830](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/830)
- Change `libxml_disable_entity_loader()` as shortly as possible - [#819](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/819)
- Improved memory usage and performance when loading large spreadsheets - [#822](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/822)
- Improved performance when loading large spreadsheets - [#825](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/825)
- Improved performance when loading large spreadsheets - [#824](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/824)
- Fix color from CSS when reading from HTML - [#831](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/831) 
- Fix infinite loop when reading invalid ODS files - [#832](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/832) 
- Fix time format for duration is incorrect - [#666](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/666)
- Fix iconv unsupported `//IGNORE//TRANSLIT` on IBM i - [#791](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/791)

### Changed

- `master` is the new default branch, `develop` does not exist anymore

## [1.5.2] - 2018-11-25

### Security

- Improvements to the design of the XML Security Scanner - [#771](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/771)

## [1.5.1] - 2018-11-20

### Security

- Fix and improve XXE security scanning for XML-based and HTML Readers - [#771](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/771)

### Added

- Support page margin in mPDF - [#750](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/750)

### Fixed

- Support numeric condition in SUMIF, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIAF, COUNTIF, MAXIF and MINIF - [#683](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/683)
- SUMIFS containing multiple conditions - [#704](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/704)
- Csv reader avoid notice when the file is empty - [#743](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/743)
- Fix print area parser for XLSX reader - [#734](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/734)
- Support overriding `DefaultValueBinder::dataTypeForValue()` without overriding `DefaultValueBinder::bindValue()` - [#735](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/735)
- Mpdf export can exceed pcre.backtrack_limit - [#637](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/637)
- Fix index overflow on data values array - [#748](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/748)

## [1.5.0] - 2018-10-21

### Added

- PHP 7.3 support
- Add the DAYS() function - [#594](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/594)

### Fixed

- Sheet title can contain exclamation mark - [#325](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/325)
- Xls file cause the exception during open by Xls reader - [#402](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/402)
- Skip non numeric value in SUMIF - [#618](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/618)
- OFFSET should allow omitted height and width - [#561](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/561)
- Correctly determine delimiter when CSV contains line breaks inside enclosures - [#716](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/716)

## [1.4.1] - 2018-09-30

### Fixed

- Remove locale from formatting string - [#644](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/644)
- Allow iterators to go out of bounds with prev - [#587](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/587)
- Fix warning when reading xlsx without styles - [#631](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/631)
- Fix broken sample links on windows due to $baseDir having backslash - [#653](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/653)

## [1.4.0] - 2018-08-06

### Added

- Add excel function EXACT(value1, value2) support - [#595](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/595)
- Support workbook view attributes for Xlsx format - [#523](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/523)
- Read and write hyperlink for drawing image - [#490](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/490)
- Added calculation engine support for the new bitwise functions that were added in MS Excel 2013
  - BITAND()          Returns a Bitwise 'And' of two numbers
  - BITOR()           Returns a Bitwise 'Or' of two number
  - BITXOR()          Returns a Bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers
  - BITLSHIFT()       Returns a number shifted left by a specified number of bits
  - BITRSHIFT()       Returns a number shifted right by a specified number of bits
- Added calculation engine support for other new functions that were added in MS Excel 2013 and MS Excel 2016
  - Text Functions
    - CONCAT()        Synonym for CONCATENATE()
    - NUMBERVALUE()   Converts text to a number, in a locale-independent way
    - UNICHAR()       Synonym for CHAR() in PHPSpreadsheet, which has always used UTF-8 internally
    - UNIORD()        Synonym for ORD() in PHPSpreadsheet, which has always used UTF-8 internally
    - TEXTJOIN()      Joins together two or more text strings, separated by a delimiter
  - Logical Functions
    - XOR()           Returns a logical Exclusive Or of all arguments
  - Date/Time Functions
    - ISOWEEKNUM()    Returns the ISO 8601 week number of the year for a given date
  - Lookup and Reference Functions
    - FORMULATEXT()   Returns a formula as a string
  - Financial Functions
    - PDURATION()     Calculates the number of periods required for an investment to reach a specified value
    - RRI()           Calculates the interest rate required for an investment to grow to a specified future value
  - Engineering Functions
    - ERF.PRECISE()   Returns the error function integrated between 0 and a supplied limit
    - ERFC.PRECISE()  Synonym for ERFC
  - Math and Trig Functions
    - SEC()           Returns the secant of an angle
    - SECH()          Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
    - CSC()           Returns the cosecant of an angle
    - CSCH()          Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
    - COT()           Returns the cotangent of an angle
    - COTH()          Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of an angle
    - ACOT()          Returns the cotangent of an angle
    - ACOTH()         Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of an angle
- Refactored Complex Engineering Functions to use external complex number library
- Added calculation engine support for the new complex number functions that were added in MS Excel 2013
    - IMCOSH()        Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number
    - IMCOT()         Returns the cotangent of a complex number
    - IMCSC()         Returns the cosecant of a complex number
    - IMCSCH()        Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number
    - IMSEC()         Returns the secant of a complex number
    - IMSECH()        Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number
    - IMSINH()        Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number
    - IMTAN()         Returns the tangent of a complex number 

### Fixed

- Fix ISFORMULA() function to work with a cell reference to another worksheet
- Xlsx reader crashed when reading a file with workbook protection - [#553](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/553)
- Cell formats with escaped spaces were causing incorrect date formatting - [#557](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/557)
- Could not open CSV file containing HTML fragment - [#564](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/564)
- Exclude the vendor folder in migration - [#481](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/481)
- Chained operations on cell ranges involving borders operated on last cell only [#428](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/428)
- Avoid memory exhaustion when cloning worksheet with a drawing [#437](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/437)
- Migration tool keep variables containing $PHPExcel untouched [#598](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/598)
- Rowspans/colspans were incorrect when adding worksheet using loadIntoExisting [#619](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/619)

## [1.3.1] - 2018-06-12

### Fixed

- Ranges across Z and AA columns incorrectly threw an exception - [#545](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/545)

## [1.3.0] - 2018-06-10

### Added

- Support to read Xlsm templates with form elements, macros, printer settings, protected elements and back compatibility drawing, and save result without losing important elements of document - [#435](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/435)
- Expose sheet title maximum length as `Worksheet::SHEET_TITLE_MAXIMUM_LENGTH` - [#482](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/482)
- Allow escape character to be set in CSV reader – [#492](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/492)

### Fixed

- Subtotal 9 in a group that has other subtotals 9 exclude the totals of the other subtotals in the range - [#332](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/332)
- `Helper\Html` support UTF-8 HTML input - [#444](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/444)
- Xlsx loaded an extra empty comment for each real comment - [#375](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/375)
- Xlsx reader do not read rows and columns filtered out in readFilter at all - [#370](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/370)
- Make newer Excel versions properly recalculate formulas on document open - [#456](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/456)
- `Coordinate::extractAllCellReferencesInRange()` throws an exception for an invalid range – [#519](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/519)
- Fixed parsing of conditionals in COUNTIF functions - [#526](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/526)
- Corruption errors for saved Xlsx docs with frozen panes - [#532](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/532)

## [1.2.1] - 2018-04-10

### Fixed

- Plain text and richtext mixed in same cell can be read - [#442](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/442)

## [1.2.0] - 2018-03-04

### Added

- HTML writer creates a generator meta tag - [#312](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/312)
- Support invalid zoom value in XLSX format - [#350](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/350)
- Support for `_xlfn.` prefixed functions and `ISFORMULA`, `MODE.SNGL`, `STDEV.S`, `STDEV.P` - [#390](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/390)

### Fixed

- Avoid potentially unsupported PSR-16 cache keys - [#354](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/354)
- Check for MIME type to know if CSV reader can read a file - [#167](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/167)
- Use proper € symbol for currency format - [#379](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/379)
- Read printing area correctly when skipping some sheets - [#371](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/371)
- Avoid incorrectly overwriting calculated value type - [#394](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/394)
- Select correct cell when calling freezePane - [#389](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/389)
- `setStrikethrough()` did not set the font - [#403](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/403)

## [1.1.0] - 2018-01-28

### Added

- Support for PHP 7.2
- Support cell comments in HTML writer and reader - [#308](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/308)
- Option to stop at a conditional styling, if it matches (only XLSX format) - [#292](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/292)
- Support for line width for data series when rendering Xlsx - [#329](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/329)

### Fixed

- Better auto-detection of CSV separators - [#305](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/305)
- Support for shape style ending with `;` - [#304](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/304)
- Freeze Panes takes wrong coordinates for XLSX - [#322](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/322)
- `COLUMNS` and `ROWS` functions crashed in some cases - [#336](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/336)
- Support XML file without styles - [#331](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/331)
- Cell coordinates which are already a range cause an exception [#319](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/319)

## [1.0.0] - 2017-12-25

### Added

- Support to write merged cells in ODS format - [#287](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/287)
- Able to set the `topLeftCell` in freeze panes - [#261](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/261)
- Support `DateTimeImmutable` as cell value
- Support migration of prefixed classes

### Fixed

- Can read very small HTML files - [#194](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/194)
- Written DataValidation was corrupted - [#290](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/290)
- Date format compatible with both LibreOffice and Excel - [#298](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/298)

### BREAKING CHANGE

- Constant `TYPE_DOUGHTNUTCHART` is now `TYPE_DOUGHNUTCHART`.

## [1.0.0-beta2] - 2017-11-26

### Added

- Support for chart fill color - @CrazyBite [#158](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/158)
- Support for read Hyperlink for xml - @GreatHumorist [#223](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/223)
- Support for cell value validation according to data validation rules - @SailorMax [#257](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/257)
- Support for custom implementation, or configuration, of PDF libraries - @SailorMax [#266](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/266)

### Changed

- Merge data-validations to reduce written worksheet size - @billblume [#131](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadSheet/issues/131)
- Throws exception if a XML file is invalid - @GreatHumorist [#222](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/222)
- Upgrade to mPDF 7.0+ - [#144](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/144)

### Fixed

- Control characters in cell values are automatically escaped - [#212](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/212)
- Prevent color changing when copy/pasting xls files written by PhpSpreadsheet to another file - @al-lala [#218](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/218)
- Add cell reference automatic when there is no cell reference('r' attribute) in Xlsx file. - @GreatHumorist [#225](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/225) Refer to [issue#201](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/201)
- `Reader\Xlsx::getFromZipArchive()` function return false if the zip entry could not be located. - @anton-harvey [#268](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/268)

### BREAKING CHANGE

- Extracted coordinate method to dedicate class [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).
- Column indexes are based on 1, see the [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).
- Standardization of array keys used for style, see the [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).
- Easier usage of PDF writers, and other custom readers and writers, see the [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).
- Easier usage of chart renderers, see the [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).
- Rename a few more classes to keep them in their related namespaces:
    - `CalcEngine` => `Calculation\Engine`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation` => `PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Calculation`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\Cell` => `PhpSpreadsheet\Cell\Cell`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\Chart` => `PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\Chart`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\RichText` => `PhpSpreadsheet\RichText\RichText`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\Style` => `PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Style`
    - `PhpSpreadsheet\Worksheet` => `PhpSpreadsheet\Worksheet\Worksheet`

## [1.0.0-beta] - 2017-08-17

### Added

- Initial implementation of SUMIFS() function
- Additional codepages
- MemoryDrawing not working in HTML writer [#808](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/issues/808)
- CSV Reader can auto-detect the separator used in file [#141](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/141)
- HTML Reader supports some basic inline styles [#180](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/180)

### Changed

- Start following [SemVer](https://semver.org) properly.

### Fixed

- Fix to getCell() method when cell reference includes a worksheet reference - @MarkBaker
- Ignore inlineStr type if formula element exists - @ncrypthic [#570](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/issues/570)
- Excel 2007 Reader freezes because of conditional formatting - @rentalhost [#575](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/issues/575)
- Readers will now parse files containing worksheet titles over 31 characters [#176](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/176)

### General

- Whitespace after toRichTextObject() - @MarkBaker [#554](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/issues/554)
- Optimize vlookup() sort - @umpirsky [#548](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/issues/548)
- c:max and c:min elements shall NOT be inside c:orientation elements - @vitalyrepin [#869](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/pull/869)
- Implement actual timezone adjustment into PHPExcel_Shared_Date::PHPToExcel - @sim642 [#489](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PHPExcel/pull/489)

### BREAKING CHANGE

- Introduction of namespaces for all classes, eg: `PHPExcel_Calculation_Functions` becomes `PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Functions`
- Some classes were renamed for clarity and/or consistency:

For a comprehensive list of all class changes, and a semi-automated migration path, read the [migration guide](./docs/topics/migration-from-PHPExcel.md).

- Dropped `PHPExcel_Calculation_Functions::VERSION()`. Composer or git should be used to know the version.
- Dropped `PHPExcel_Settings::setPdfRenderer()` and `PHPExcel_Settings::setPdfRenderer()`. Composer should be used to autoload PDF libs.
- Dropped support for HHVM

## Previous versions of PHPExcel

The changelog for the project when it was called PHPExcel is [still available](./CHANGELOG.PHPExcel.md).
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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