Current File : //var/www/tusveterinarios/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/includes/query/class-gf-query.php
<?php

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_Call' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-call.php' );
}

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_Column' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-column.php' );
}

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_Condition' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-condition.php' );
}

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_Literal' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-literal.php' );
}

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_JSON_Literal' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-json-literal.php' );
}

if ( ! class_exists( 'GF_Query_Series' ) ) {
	require_once( 'class-gf-query-series.php' );
}

/**
 * The Gravity Forms Query Builder class.
 *
 * @internal
 *
 * @since 2.3
 */
class GF_Query {


	/**
	 * @var null|int Holds the total number of entries found after calling get()
	 */
	public $total_found = null;

	/**
	 * @var array An array of Form IDs
	 */
	private $from;

	/**
	 * @var array Join clauses.
	 */
	private $joins = array();

	/**
	 * @var array All the where clauses.
	 */
	private $where = array();

	/**
	 * @var array All the order clauses.
	 */
	private $order = array();

	/**
	 * @var int The limit of entries returned.
	 */
	private $limit = 0;

	/**
	 * @var int The offset of entries returned.
	 */
	private $offset = 0;

	/**
	 * @var array The table aliases.
	 */
	private $aliases = array();

	/**
	 * @var string The queries executed against the database and their times.
	 */
	private $queries = array();

	/**
	 * @var float An internal timer. Used for instrumentation purposes.
	 */
	private $timer = 0.0;

	/**
	 * @var array An array of inferred joins used by _join_infer().
	 */
	private $_inferred_joins = array();

	/**
	 * @const null Nothing.
	 */
	const NOOP = null;

	/**
	 * @const string (ORDER BY) ASC operator.
	 */
	const ASC = 'ASC';

	/**
	 * @const string (ORDER BY) DESC operator.
	 */
	const DESC = 'DESC';

	/**
	 * @const string SIGNED type.
	 */
	const TYPE_SIGNED = 'SIGNED';

	/**
	 * @const string UNSIGNED type.
	 */
	const TYPE_UNSIGNED = 'UNSIGNED';

	/**
	 * @const string DECIMAL type.
	 */
	const TYPE_DECIMAL = 'DECIMAL';

	/**
	 * GF_Query constructor.
	 *
	 * @param null|int|array $form_ids
	 * @param null|array     $search_criteria
	 * @param null|array     $sorting
	 * @param null|array     $paging
	 */
	public function __construct( $form_ids = null, $search_criteria = null, $sorting = null, $paging = null ) {
		if ( ! is_null( $search_criteria ) || ! is_null( $form_ids ) || ! empty( $sorting ) || ! empty( $paging ) ) {
			$this->parse( $form_ids, $search_criteria, $sorting, $paging );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Parses the Search Criteria args.
	 *
	 * @param int|array $form_id
	 * @param array     $search_criteria
	 * @param null      $sorting
	 * @param null      $paging
	 */
	public function parse( $form_id, $search_criteria = array(), $sorting = null, $paging = null ) {

		$page_size = isset( $paging['page_size'] ) ? $paging['page_size'] : 20;
		$offset = isset( $paging['offset'] ) ? $paging['offset'] : 0;

		$sort_field = ! empty( $sorting['key'] ) ? $sorting['key'] : 'id';
		$sort_dir = isset( $sorting['direction'] ) ? strtoupper( $sorting['direction'] ) : 'DESC';

		switch ( $sort_dir ) {
			case 'DESC':
				$sort_dir_query = self::DESC;
				break;
			case 'RAND':
				$sort_dir_query = 'RAND';
				break;
			case 'ASC':
			default:
				$sort_dir_query = self::ASC;
				break;
		}

		$from = ! is_array( $form_id ) ? array( $form_id ) : $form_id;

		$from = array_map( 'absint', $from );

		$form_id = is_array( $form_id ) ? reset( $form_id ) : $form_id;

		$form_id = absint( $form_id );

		$order = new GF_Query_Column( $sort_field, $form_id );

		$force_order_numeric = false;
		if ( ! $order->is_entry_column() ) {
			if ( isset( $sorting['is_numeric'] ) ) {
				$force_order_numeric = $sorting['is_numeric'];
			} else {
				$field = GFAPI::get_field( $form_id, $sort_field );

				if ( $field instanceof GF_Field ) {
					$force_order_numeric = $field->get_input_type() == 'number';
				} else {
					$entry_meta          = GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta( $form_id );
					$force_order_numeric = rgars( $entry_meta, $sort_field . '/is_numeric' );
				}
			}
		}

		if ( $force_order_numeric ) {
			$order = GF_Query_Call::CAST( $order, GF_Query::TYPE_DECIMAL );
		}

		$this->from( $from );

		if ( $sort_dir_query == 'RAND' ) {
			$this->order( GF_Query_Call::RAND() );
		} else {
			$this->order( $order, $sort_dir_query );
		}

		$this->limit( $page_size )
		     ->offset( $offset );

		$properties_condition = null;
		$filters_condition = null;
		$filters = array();

		if ( isset( $search_criteria['status'] ) ) {
			$property_conditions[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
				new GF_Query_Column( 'status' ),
				GF_Query_Condition::EQ,
				new GF_Query_Literal( $search_criteria['status'] )
			);
		}

		$start_date = rgar( $search_criteria, 'start_date' );
		$end_date = rgar( $search_criteria, 'end_date' );

		$column = count( $from ) > 1 ? new GF_Query_Column( 'date_created' ) : new GF_Query_Column( 'date_created', $form_id );

		if ( ! empty( $start_date ) ) {

			try {
				$start_date         = new DateTime( $search_criteria['start_date'] );
				$start_datetime_str = $start_date->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
				$start_date_str     = $start_date->format( 'Y-m-d' );
				if ( $start_datetime_str == $start_date_str . ' 00:00:00' ) {
					$start_date_str = $start_date_str . ' 00:00:00';
				} else {
					$start_date_str = $start_date->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
				}

				$start_date_str_utc = get_gmt_from_date( $start_date_str );

				$property_conditions[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
					$column,
					GF_Query_Condition::GTE,
					new GF_Query_Literal( $start_date_str_utc )
				);
			} catch ( Exception $e ) {
				GFAPI::log_error( __METHOD__ . '(): Invalid start_date; ' . $e->getMessage() );
			}

		}

		if ( ! empty( $end_date ) ) {

			try {
				$end_date         = new DateTime( $search_criteria['end_date'] );
				$end_datetime_str = $end_date->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
				$end_date_str     = $end_date->format( 'Y-m-d' );

				// extend end date till the end of the day unless a time was specified. 00:00:00 is ignored.
				if ( $end_datetime_str == $end_date_str . ' 00:00:00' ) {
					$end_date_str = $end_date->format( 'Y-m-d' ) . ' 23:59:59';
				} else {
					$end_date_str = $end_date->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
				}

				$end_date_str_utc = get_gmt_from_date( $end_date_str );

				if ( ! empty( $end_date ) ) {
					$property_conditions[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
						$column,
						GF_Query_Condition::LTE,
						new GF_Query_Literal( $end_date_str_utc )
					);
				}
			} catch ( Exception $e ) {
				GFAPI::log_error( __METHOD__ . '(): Invalid end_date; ' . $e->getMessage() );
			}

		}

		if ( ! empty( $property_conditions ) ) {
			if ( count( $property_conditions ) > 1 ) {
				$properties_condition = call_user_func_array( array( 'GF_Query_Condition', '_and' ), $property_conditions );
			} else {
				$properties_condition = $property_conditions[0];
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $search_criteria['field_filters'] ) ) {
			$field_filters = $search_criteria['field_filters'];
			$search_mode = isset( $field_filters['mode'] ) ? strtolower( $field_filters['mode'] ) : 'all';
			unset( $field_filters['mode'] );

			foreach ( $field_filters as $filter ) {
				$key = rgar( $filter, 'key' );

				if ( empty( $key ) ) {
					$global_condition = $this->get_global_condition( $filter, $form_id );
					$filters[] = $global_condition;
					continue;
				}

				$value = rgar( $filter, 'value' );

				$operator = isset( $filter['operator'] ) ? $filter['operator'] : GF_Query_Condition::EQ;
				$operator = strtoupper( $operator );

				switch ( $operator ) {
					case 'CONTAINS':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::LIKE;
						$value    = '%' . $value . '%';
						break;
					case 'IS NOT':
					case 'ISNOT':
					case '<>':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::NEQ;
						break;
					case 'IS':
					case '=':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::EQ;
						break;
					case 'LIKE':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::LIKE;
						break;
					case 'NOT IN':
					case 'NOTIN':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::NIN;
						break;
					case 'IN':
						$operator = GF_Query_Condition::IN;
				}

				$form = GFFormsModel::get_form_meta( $form_id );
				$field = GFFormsModel::get_field( $form, $key );
				if ( $field && $operator != GF_Query_Condition::LIKE && ( $field->get_input_type() == 'number' || rgar( $filter, 'is_numeric' ) ) ) {
					if ( ! is_numeric( $value ) ) {
						$value = floatval( $value );
					}
					$filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
						GF_Query_Call::CAST( new GF_Query_Column( $key, $form_id ), self::TYPE_DECIMAL ),
						$operator,
						new GF_Query_Literal( $value )
					);
					continue;
				}

				if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
					foreach ( $value as &$v ) {
						$v = $field && $field->storageType == 'json' ? new GF_Query_JSON_Literal( (string) $v ) : new GF_Query_Literal( $v );
					}
					$value = new GF_Query_Series( $value );

					$filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
						new GF_Query_Column( $key, $form_id ),
						$operator,
						$value
					);

					continue;
				}

				if ( $key == 'date_created' && $operator == GF_Query_Condition::EQ ) {
					if ( ! empty( $value ) ) {
						try {
							$search_date           = new DateTime( $value );
							$search_date_str       = $search_date->format( 'Y-m-d' );
							$date_created_start    = $search_date_str . ' 00:00:00';
							$date_create_start_utc = get_gmt_from_date( $date_created_start );
							$date_created_end      = $search_date_str . ' 23:59:59';
							$date_created_end_utc  = get_gmt_from_date( $date_created_end );

							$column = count( $from ) > 1 ? new GF_Query_Column( $key ) : new GF_Query_Column( $key, $form_id );

							$filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
								$column,
								GF_Query_Condition::BETWEEN,
								new GF_Query_Series( array(
									new GF_Query_Literal( $date_create_start_utc ),
									new GF_Query_Literal( $date_created_end_utc ),
								) )
							);
						} catch ( Exception $e ) {
							GFAPI::log_error( __METHOD__ . '(): Invalid date_created; ' . $e->getMessage() );
						}
					}

					continue;
				}

				$literal = $field && $field->storageType == 'json' ? new GF_Query_JSON_Literal( (string) $value ) : new GF_Query_Literal( (string) $value );

				$column = count( $from ) > 1 ? new GF_Query_Column( $key ) : new GF_Query_Column( $key, $form_id );
				$filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
					$column,
					$operator,
					$literal
				);

			}

			$condition_mode = strtolower( $search_mode ) == 'any' ? '_or' : '_and';
			if ( count( $filters ) > 1 ) {
				$filters_condition = call_user_func_array( array( 'GF_Query_Condition', $condition_mode ), $filters );
			} elseif ( $filters ) {
				$filters_condition = $filters[0];
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $properties_condition ) && ! empty( $filters_condition ) ) {
			$where = call_user_func_array( array( 'GF_Query_Condition', '_and' ), array( $properties_condition, $filters_condition ) );
		} else {
			$where = ! empty( $properties_condition ) ? $properties_condition : $filters_condition;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $where ) ) {
			$this->where( $where );
		}

	}

	/**
	 * @param array     $filter
	 * @param int|array $form_ids
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query_Condition|mixed
	 */
	private function get_global_condition( $filter, $form_ids ) {

		// include choice text
		$forms = array();
		if ( $form_ids == 0 ) {
			$forms = GFAPI::get_forms();
		} elseif ( is_array( $form_ids ) ) {
			foreach ( $form_ids as $id ) {
				$forms[] = GFAPI::get_form( $id );
			}
		} else {
			$forms[] = GFAPI::get_form( $form_ids );
		}

		$original_operator = strtoupper( rgar( $filter, 'operator' ) );

		switch ( $original_operator ) {
			case 'CONTAINS':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::LIKE;
				break;
			case 'IS NOT':
			case 'ISNOT':
			case '<>':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::NEQ;
				break;
			case 'IS':
			case '=':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::EQ;
				break;
			case 'LIKE':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::LIKE;
				break;
			case 'NOT IN':
			case 'NOTIN':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::NIN;
				break;
			case 'IN':
				$operator = GF_Query_Condition::IN;
				break;
			default:
				$operator = empty( $original_operator ) ? GF_Query_Condition::EQ : $original_operator;
		}

		$val = $filter['value'];

		$choice_filters = array();

		foreach ( $forms as $form ) {
			if ( isset( $form['fields'] ) ) {
				foreach ( $form['fields'] as $field ) {
					/* @var GF_Field $field */
					if ( is_array( $field->choices ) ) {
						foreach ( $field->choices as $choice ) {
							if ( ( $operator == '=' && strtolower( $choice['text'] ) == strtolower( $val ) ) || ( $operator == 'LIKE' && ! empty( $val ) && strpos( strtolower( $choice['text'] ), strtolower( $val ) ) !== false ) ) {
								if ( $field->gsurveyLikertEnableMultipleRows ) {
									$choice_value           = $choice['value'];
									$choice_search_operator = 'like';
									$choice_value = '%' . $choice_value;
								} else {
									$choice_value           = $choice['value'];
									$choice_search_operator = '=';
								}
								$choice_filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
									new GF_Query_Column( $field->id, $form['id'] ),
									$choice_search_operator,
									new GF_Query_Literal( $choice_value )
								);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		if ( is_array( $val ) ) {
			foreach ( $val as &$v ) {
				$v = new GF_Query_Literal( $v );
			}
			$val = new GF_Query_Series( $val );

			$choice_filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
				new GF_Query_Column( GF_Query_Column::META, 0 ),
				$operator,
				$val
			);
		} else {
			if ( $original_operator == 'CONTAINS' ) {
				$val = '%' . $val . '%';
			}
			$choice_filters[] = new GF_Query_Condition(
				new GF_Query_Column( GF_Query_Column::META, $form_ids ),
				$operator,
				new GF_Query_Literal( $val )
			);
		}

		if ( count( $choice_filters ) > 1 ) {

			$combine_operator = in_array( $operator, array( GF_Query_Condition::NEQ, GF_Query_Condition::NIN ) ) ? '_and' : '_or';

			$condition = call_user_func_array( array( 'GF_Query_Condition', $combine_operator ), $choice_filters );
		} else {
			$condition = $choice_filters[0];
		}

		return $condition;
	}

	/**
	 * Query a source.
	 *
	 * Sets the FROM clause.
	 *
	 * @param int|array The Form ID or array of IDs.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function from( $source ) {

		if ( ! is_array( $source ) ) {
			$source = array( $source );
		}

		$this->from = $source;

		/**
		 * Reserve the alias.
		 */
		$this->_alias( null, reset( $source ) );

		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Join on column tables. The serious stuff.
	 *
	 * LEFT JOIN $on_column.table alias ON alias.$on_column = $to_column
	 *
	 * @param GF_Query_Column $on_column The column to join on.
	 * @param GF_Query_Column $to_column The column to join the above to.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function join( $on_column, $to_column) {
		if ( $on_column instanceof GF_Query_Column && $to_column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {
			$this->joins[] = array( $on_column, $to_column );
		}
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Where something is something :)
	 *
	 * @param GF_Query_Condition $condition A condition.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function where( $condition ) {
		if ( $condition instanceof GF_Query_Condition ) {
			$this->where = $condition;
		}
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the order.
	 *
	 * @param GF_Query_Column|GF_Query_Call $column The field, function to order by.
	 * @param string $order The order (one of self::ASC, self::DESC or empty). Default for GF_Query_Column: self::ASC Default for GF_Query_Call: empty
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function order( $column, $order = null ) {

		/**
		 * This is a function.
		 */
		if ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Call ) {

			if ( ! in_array( $order, array( self::ASC, self::DESC ) ) ) {
				$order = '';
			}

			$this->order[ spl_object_hash( $column ) . '()' ] = array( $column, $order );
		} elseif ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {

			if ( ! in_array( $order, array( self::ASC, self::DESC ) ) ) {
				$order = self::ASC;
			}

			$source_id = $column->source;
			$field_id = $column->field_id ? $column->field_id : '-';
			$this->order[ "{$source_id}_{$field_id}" ] = array( $column, $order );
		}

		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the limit.
	 *
	 * @param int $limit The limit to set.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function limit( $limit ) {
		if ( is_numeric( $limit ) ) {
			$this->limit = $limit;
		}
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the offset.
	 *
	 * Use self::page() as a more convenient wrapper.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function offset( $offset ) {
		if ( is_numeric( $offset ) ) {
			$this->offset = $offset;
		}
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the offset from page.
	 *
	 * Calculated from self::$limit. If not set, offset will be 0.
	 *
	 * @return GF_Query Chainable $this.
	 */
	public function page( $page ) {
		if ( is_numeric( $page ) ) {
			$this->offset = max( 0, $page - 1 ) * $this->limit;
		}
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve the results.
	 *
	 * @return array The resulting entries.
	 */
	public function get() {
		global $wpdb;

		$entries = array();

		$results = $this->query();

		$this->total_found = (int) $wpdb->get_var( 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()' );

		return $this->get_entries( $results );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve the IDs for the results.
	 *
	 * @return array The resulting entry IDs.
	 */
	public function get_ids() {
		global $wpdb;

		$results = $this->query();

		$this->total_found = (int) $wpdb->get_var( 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()' );

		$ids = array();

		foreach( $results as $result ) {
			$ids[] = $result[0];
		}

		return $ids;
	}

	/**
	 * Build the query and return the raw rows.
	 *
	 * @return array The rows.
	 */
	private function query() {
		if ( count( $this->queries ) ) {
			GFCommon::log_debug( 'Reusing GF_Query is undefined behavior. Create a new instance instead.' );
		}

		if ( ! is_array( $this->from ) || ! count( $this->from ) ) {
			return array();
		}

		global $wpdb;

		/**
		 * FROM.
		 *
		 * We always select from the entry table first.
		 *  It is our main source.
		 */
		$from = sprintf( 'FROM `%s` AS `%s`', GFFormsModel::get_entry_table_name(), $this->_alias( null, reset( $this->from ) ) );

		/**
		 * ORDER.
		 */
		$order = '';
		if ( ! empty( $this->order ) && $orders = $this->_order_generate( $this->order ) ) {
			$order = 'ORDER BY ' . implode( ', ', $orders );
		}

		/**
		 * JOIN.
		 */
		$joins = array_merge( $this->_join_infer( $this->where ), $this->_join_infer_orders( $this->where, $this->order ), $this->_join_generate( $this->joins ) );
		$join = count( $joins ) ? 'LEFT JOIN ' . implode( ' LEFT JOIN ', $this->_prime_joins( $joins ) ) : '';

		/**
		 * SELECT.
		 */
		$select = sprintf( 'SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS DISTINCT %s', implode( ', ', $this->_select_infer( $this->joins ) ) );

		$form_ids = array();
		foreach ( $this->from as $f ) {
			$f = new GF_Query_Literal( $f );
			if ( $f->value ) {
				$form_ids[] = $f;
			}
		}

		if ( $form_ids ) {
			$this->where( GF_Query_Condition::_and(
			/**
			 * Prepend the selected form IDs.
			 */
				new GF_Query_Condition(
					new GF_Query_Column( 'form_id' ),
					GF_Query_Condition::IN,
					new GF_Query_Series( $form_ids )
				),

				$this->where
			) );
		}

		/**
		 * WHERE.
		 */
		if ( $where = $this->_where_unwrap( $this->where ) ) {
			$where = "WHERE $where";
		}

		/**
		 * LIMIT and OFFSET.
		 */
		$limit = $offset = '';
		if ( $this->limit ) {
			$limit = sprintf( 'LIMIT %d', $this->limit );
			if ( $this->offset ) {
				$offset = sprintf( 'OFFSET %d', $this->offset );
			}
		}

		$paginate = implode( ' ', array_filter( array( $limit, $offset ), 'strlen' ) );

		/**
		 * Filter the SQL query fragments to allow low-level advanced analysis and modification before the query is run.
		 *
		 * @since 2.4.3
		 *
		 * @param array $sql An array with all the SQL fragments: select, from, join, where, order, paginate.
		 */
		$sql = apply_filters( 'gform_gf_query_sql', compact( 'select', 'from', 'join', 'where', 'order', 'paginate' ) );
		$sql = implode( ' ', array_filter( $sql, 'strlen' ) );

		GFCommon::log_debug( __METHOD__ . '(): sql => ' . $sql );

		$this->timer_start();
		$results = $wpdb->get_results( $sql, ARRAY_N );
		$this->queries []= array( $this->timer_stop(), $sql );

		if ( is_null( $results ) ) {
			return array();
		}

		return $results;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the ORDER BY clause fragments.
	 *
	 * @param array $orders Usually self::$order, the orders.
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return array The ORDER BY clause fragments.
	 */
	public function _order_generate( $orders ) {
		$order_clauses = array();

		foreach ( $orders as $o ) {
			list( $column, $order ) = $o;

			if ( ! in_array( $order, array( self::ASC, self::DESC, '' ) ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Call ) {
				$order_clauses []= sprintf( '%s %s', $column->sql( $this ), $order );

			} else if ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {
				if ( $column->is_entry_column() ) {
					$order_clauses []= sprintf( '`%s`.`%s` %s', $this->_alias( null, $column->source ), $column->field_id, $order );

					/**
					 * An entry meta field.
					 */
				} else {
					$alias = $this->_alias( $column->field_id, $column->source, 'o' );
					$order_clauses []= sprintf( '`%s`.`meta_value` %s', $alias, $order );
				}
			}
		}

		$order_clauses = array_map( 'trim', $order_clauses );

		return $order_clauses;
	}

	/**
	 * Recursive function to find joins.
	 *
	 * @param $condition
	 * @param $already_joined
	 */
	private function find_joins( $condition, &$already_joined ) {
		if ( ! $condition instanceof GF_Query_Condition ) {
			return;
		}

		/**
		 * This is an OR or AND clause. Needs unwrapping.
		 */
		if ( in_array( $condition->operator, array( GF_Query_Condition::_AND, GF_Query_Condition::_OR ) ) ) {
			foreach ( $condition->expressions as $expression ) {
				$this->find_joins( $expression, $already_joined );
			}
			return;
		}

		foreach ( $condition->columns as $column ) {
			/** @var GF_Query_Column $column */
			if ( $column->is_entry_column() || ! $column->field_id || ! $column->source )
				continue;

			$source = $column->source;

			$source_id = is_array( $source ) ? reset( $source ) : $source;
			$field_id = $column->field_id;

			/** Reserve the alias. */
			$this->_alias( $column->field_id, $column->source, 'm' );

			$already_joined []= "{$source_id}_{$field_id}";
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the needed SELECT columns from join arrays.
	 *
	 * @param array $joins The joins (from self::$joins)
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return string[] The individual SELECT columns.
	 */
	public function _select_infer( $joins ) {

		$select[] = sprintf( '`%s`.`id`', $this->_alias( null, reset( $this->from ) ) );

		foreach ( $joins as $join ) {
			list( $on, $column ) = $join;
			if ( ! $on instanceof GF_Query_Column || ! $column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! $on->field_id || ! $on->source || ! $column->field_id || ! $column->source ) {
				continue;
			}

			$alias = $this->_alias( $on->is_entry_column() ? null : $on->field_id, $on->source );
			$select[] = sprintf( '`%s`.`%s` AS `%s_id`', $alias, $on->is_entry_column() ? 'id' : 'entry_id', $alias );
		}

		return $select;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the needed JOIN statements from join arrays.
	 *
	 * @param array $joins The joins (from self::$joins)
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return string[] The individual JOIN statements.
	 */
	public function _join_generate( $joins ) {
		$_joins = array();

		foreach ( $joins as $join ) {
			list( $on, $column ) = $join;
			if ( ! $on instanceof GF_Query_Column || ! $column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! $on->field_id || ! $on->source || ! $column->field_id || ! $column->source ) {
				continue;
			}

			/**
			 * Join on the entry table when dealing with an entry column.
			 */
			if ( $on->is_entry_column() ) {
				$table_on = GFFormsModel::get_entry_table_name();
				$alias_on = $this->_alias( null, $on->source, 't' );
				$column_on = $on->field_id;

				/**
				 * Join on the meta table when dealing with a meta field.
				 */
			} else {
				$table_on = GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name();
				$alias_on = $this->_alias( $on->field_id, $on->source, 'm' );
				$column_on = 'meta_value';

				/**
				 * Make sure a WHERE clause exists on meta fields.
				 */
				$meta_condition = new GF_Query_Condition(
					new GF_Query_Column( 'meta_key', $on->source, $alias_on ),
					GF_Query_Condition::EQ,
					new GF_Query_Literal( $on->field_id )
				);

				$this->where(
					GF_Query_Condition::_and( $this->where, $meta_condition )
				);
			}

			$this->where( GF_Query_Condition::_and(
				$this->where,
				new GF_Query_Condition(
					new GF_Query_Column( 'form_id', $on->source, $alias_on ),
					GF_Query_Condition::EQ,
					new GF_Query_Literal( $on->source )
				)
			) );

			/**
			 * Join to on an entry table.
			 */
			if ( $column->is_entry_column() ) {
				$equals_table = $this->_alias( null, $column->source );
				$equals_column = $column->field_id;


				/**
				 * Join to a meta table.
				 */
			} else {
				$equals_table = $this->_alias( $column->field_id, $column->source, 'm' );
				$equals_column = 'meta_value';

				/**
				 * Make sure a WHERE clause exists on meta fields.
				 */
				$meta_condition = new GF_Query_Condition(
					new GF_Query_Column( 'meta_key', $column->source, $equals_table ),
					GF_Query_Condition::EQ,
					new GF_Query_Literal( $column->field_id )
				);

				$this->where(
					GF_Query_Condition::_and( $this->where, $meta_condition )
				);

				/**
				 * Make sure the initial join exists.
				 */
				$_joins = array_merge( $this->_join_infer( $meta_condition ), $_joins );
			}

			$_joins[] = sprintf( '`%s` AS `%s` ON `%s`.`%s` = `%s`.`%s`',
				$table_on, $alias_on, $alias_on, $column_on, $equals_table, $equals_column );
		}

		return $_joins;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the needed JOIN statements for a condition.
	 *
	 * @param array $condition A condition (from self::$where)
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return string[] The individual JOIN statements.
	 */
	public function _join_infer( $condition ) {
		$this->_inferred_joins = array();

		if ( ! $condition instanceof GF_Query_Condition ) {
			return $this->_inferred_joins;
		}

		/**
		 * This is an OR or AND clause. Needs unwrapping.
		 */
		if ( in_array( $condition->operator, array( GF_Query_Condition::_AND, GF_Query_Condition::_OR ) ) ) {

			/** Recurse and unwrap. */
			$_joins = array_map( array( $this, __FUNCTION__ ), $condition->expressions );
			$this->_inferred_joins = array();
			array_walk_recursive( $_joins, array( $this, 'merge_joins' ) );
			return array_unique( $this->_inferred_joins );
		}

		/**
		 * Regular WHERE clause JOIN inference.
		 */
		foreach ( $condition->columns as $column ) {
			if ( $column->is_entry_column() || ! $column->field_id )
				continue;

			$alias = $column->alias ? $column->alias : $this->_alias( $column->field_id, $column->source, 'm' );

			if ( ! $column->is_meta_column() && $column->field_id != GF_Query_Column::META ) {
				if ( $column->field_id == intval( $column->field_id ) && ( $field = GFFormsModel::get_field( GFAPI::get_form( $column->source ? $column->source : reset( $this->from ) ), $column->field_id ) ) && $field->get_entry_inputs() ) {
					/**
					 * Multi-input across all inputs.
					 */
					$literal = new GF_Query_Literal( sprintf( '%d.%%', $column->field_id ) );
					$this->_inferred_joins []= sprintf( '`%s` AS `%s` ON (`%s`.`entry_id` = `%s`.`id` AND `%s`.`meta_key` LIKE %s)',
						GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name(), $alias, $alias, $this->_alias( null, $column->source ), $alias, $literal->sql( $this )
					);
				} else {
					$literal = new GF_Query_Literal( $column->field_id );
					$this->_inferred_joins []= sprintf( '`%s` AS `%s` ON (`%s`.`entry_id` = `%s`.`id` AND `%s`.`meta_key` = %s)',
						GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name(), $alias, $alias, $this->_alias( null, $column->source ), $alias, $literal->sql( $this )
					);
				}
			} else {
				$this->_inferred_joins []= sprintf( '`%s` AS `%s` ON `%s`.`entry_id` = `%s`.`id`',
					GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name(), $alias, $alias, $this->_alias( null, $column->source )
				);
			}
		}

		return array_unique( $this->_inferred_joins );
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the needed JOIN statements for stanalone ORDER BY clauses.
	 *
	 * @param array $condition A condition (from self::$where)
	 * @param array $order The orders (from self::$order )
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return string[] The individual JOIN statements.
	 */
	public function _join_infer_orders( $condition, $order ) {
		$already_joined = array();
		$this->find_joins( $condition, $already_joined );

		$joins = array();

		foreach ( $order as $o ) {
			list( $column, $_ ) = $o;

			if ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Call ) {
				$columns = $column->columns;
			} else if ( $column instanceof GF_Query_Column ) {
				$columns = array( $column );
			} else {
				continue;
			}

			foreach ( $columns as $column ) {
				if ( $column->is_entry_column() || $column->is_meta_column() ) {
					continue;
				}
				
				$source_id = $column->source;
				$field_id = $column->field_id ? $column->field_id : '-';
				$alias = $this->_alias( $column->field_id, $column->source, 'm' );

				if ( ! in_array( "{$source_id}_{$field_id}", $already_joined ) ) {
					$already_joined []= "{$source_id}_{$field_id}";

					$literal = new GF_Query_Literal( $field_id );
					$joins []= sprintf( '`%s` AS `%s` ON (`%s`.`entry_id` = `%s`.`id` AND `%s`.`meta_key` = %s)',
						GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name(), $alias, $alias, $this->_alias( null, $column->source ),
						$alias, $literal->sql( $this ) );
				}
			}
		}

		return $joins;
	}

	/**
	 * @param $join
	 */
	private function merge_joins( $join ) {
		$this->_inferred_joins = array_merge( $this->_inferred_joins, array( $join ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Remove simplified join statements on the same column.
	 *
	 * Used to avoid duplicate/non-unique aliases in joins. We always
	 *  select the more specific join clause.
	 *
	 * @param array $joins
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function _prime_joins( $joins ) {
		$joins = array_unique( $joins );

		$primed_joins = array();
		foreach ( $joins as $join ) {
			if ( preg_match( '#` AS `([motc]\d+)` ON #', $join, $matches ) ) {
				$alias = $matches[1];
				if ( ! empty( $primed_joins[ $alias ] ) ) {
					if ( strlen( $primed_joins[ $alias ] ) > strlen( $join ) ) {
						continue;
					}
				}
				$primed_joins[ $alias ] = $join;
			}
		}

		return array_values( $primed_joins );
	}

	/**
	 * Return a nice table alias for this source/field.
	 *
	 * Every source is marked as unique by ID. Different instances
	 *  of the same source will have the same alias.
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @param string $field_id The field.
	 * @param int|array $source The source. Default: self::$from
	 * @param string $prefix The table prefix. Default: "t"
	 *
	 * @return string|null The alias.
	 */
	public function _alias( $field_id, $source = null, $prefix = 't' ) {
		if ( 't' == $prefix && ( ! $source || empty ( $this->from ) || in_array( $source, $this->from ) ) ) {
			if ( ! isset( $this->aliases['-'] ) ) {
				$this->aliases['-'] = true;
			}
			return 't1';
		}

		if ( $source && is_array( $source ) ) {
			$source = reset( $source );
		}
		$source_id = $source ? $source : ( ( ! empty( $this->from[0] ) ) ? $this->from[0] : '-' );
		$field_id = $field_id ? $field_id : '-';

		$source_id = "{$source_id}_{$field_id}";

		if ( ! isset( $this->aliases[ $source_id ] ) ) {
			$this->aliases[ $source_id ] = sprintf( '%s%d', $prefix, count( $this->aliases ) + 1 );
		};

		return $this->aliases[ $source_id ];
	}

	/**
	 * Unwraps a nested array of conditionals into one long string.
	 *
	 * @param GF_Query_Condition $condition Either a condition or an array of conditions. Usually from self::$where.
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return string.
	 */
	public function _where_unwrap( $condition ) {
		if ( ! $condition instanceof GF_Query_Condition ) {
			return '';
		}

		/**
		 * This is an OR or AND clause. Needs unwrapping.
		 */
		if ( in_array( $condition->operator, array( GF_Query_Condition::_AND, GF_Query_Condition::_OR ) ) ) {

			/** Recurse. */
			$conditions = array_filter( array_map( array( $this, __FUNCTION__ ), $condition->expressions ), 'strlen' );

			if ( count( $conditions ) ) {
				return count( $conditions ) == 1 ? current( $conditions ) : '(' . implode( " {$condition->operator} ", $conditions ) . ')';
			}

			return '';
		}

		return $condition->sql( $this );
	}

	/**
	 * The CAST function call.
	 *
	 * @param string $field_id The field to cast.
	 * @param string $type The type, one of self::TYPE_*
	 *
	 * @unused This seems to be a development artifact. Candidate for removal.
	 *
	 * @return array|$field The function name, args in order. Or the field if error.
	 */
	public function cast( $field_id, $type ) {
		if ( ! in_array( $type, array( self::TYPE_SIGNED, self::TYPE_UNSIGNED, self::TYPE_DECIMAL ) ) ) {
			return $field_id;
		}

		if ( self::TYPE_DECIMAL === $type ) {
			$type = 'DECIMAL(65, 6)';
		}

		return array( 'CAST', $field_id, 'AS', $type );
	}

	/**
	 * Whether there are several forms that are being selected from or not.
	 *
	 * Does not return true for joins and unions.
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function is_multisource() {
		return is_array( $this->from ) && count( $this->from ) > 1;
	}

	/**
	 * Shows the private internal state of this query.
	 *
	 * For debugging and testing purposes only.
	 *
	 * @internal
	 *
	 * @return array Containing introspection data.
	 */
	public function _introspect() {
		return array(
			'from' => $this->from,
			'joins' => $this->joins,
			'where' => $this->where,
			'offset' => $this->offset,
			'limit' => $this->limit,
			'order' => $this->order,

			'aliases' => $this->aliases,
			'queries' => $this->queries,
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Start the stopwatch.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function timer_start() {
		$this->timer = microtime( true );
	}

	/**
	 * Stop the stopwatch.
	 *
	 * @return float The time it took in seconds.
	 */
	private function timer_stop() {
		return microtime( true ) - $this->timer;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an array with the field values for a given entry ID.
	 *
	 * @param $entry_id
	 *
	 * @return array|bool
	 */
	public function get_entry( $entry_id ) {

		if ( empty( $entry_id ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$entries = $this->get_entries( array( $entry_id ) );
		if ( empty( $entries ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		return array_pop( $entries );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an array or array entries with the field values for the given entry IDs.
	 *
	 * @param int[]|int[][] $entry_ids A (nested) array of entry IDs to fetch. Invalid IDs are discarded.
	 *
	 * @return array[] An array of entry objects.
	 */
	public function get_entries( $entry_ids ) {
		global $wpdb;

		foreach ( $entry_ids as $i => $id ) {
			if ( ! is_array( $id ) ) {
				$entry_ids[ $i ] = array( $id );
			}
		}

		$ids = array();
		foreach ( $entry_ids as $entry_id ) {
			$ids = array_merge( $ids, $entry_id );
		}
		$ids = array_unique( $ids );

		if ( empty( $ids ) ) {
			return array();
		}

		$entry_table = GFFormsModel::get_entry_table_name();
		$sql = sprintf( "SELECT * from $entry_table WHERE id IN(%s)", $placeholders = implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $ids ), '%d' ) ) );
		$entryset = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( $sql, $ids ), ARRAY_A );

		$entry_meta_table = GFFormsModel::get_entry_meta_table_name();

		$entries = array();

		foreach ( $entryset as $entry ) {
			$entries[ $entry['id'] ] = $entry;
		}

		$cache = array(
			'form_meta' => array(),
			'form_entry_meta' => array(),
		);

		$meta_clauses = array();

		foreach ( $entryset as $entry ) {
			$form_id = absint( $entry['form_id'] );
			if ( isset( $cache['form_entry_meta'][ $form_id ] ) ) {
				$entry_meta = $cache['form_entry_meta'][ $form_id ];
			} else {
				$entry_meta = $cache['form_entry_meta'][ $form_id ] = RGFormsModel::get_entry_meta( $form_id );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $entry_meta ) ) {
				$entry_meta_placeholders = implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $entry_meta ), '%s' ) );
				$sql = sprintf( '( form_id = %d AND meta_key IN (%s) )', $form_id, $entry_meta_placeholders );
				if ( ! isset( $meta_clauses[ $form_id ] ) ) {
					$meta_clauses[ $form_id ] = $wpdb->prepare( $sql, array_keys( $entry_meta ) );
				}
			}
		}

		$meta_clauses_str =  empty ( $meta_clauses ) ?  '' : sprintf( 'OR (%s)', join( ' OR ', $meta_clauses ) );

		$sql = sprintf( "
SELECT entry_id, meta_key, meta_value, item_index 
FROM $entry_meta_table 
WHERE entry_id IN(%s) 
AND ( meta_key REGEXP '^[0-9|.]+$'
%s )
", $placeholders, $meta_clauses_str );
		$metaset = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( $sql, $ids ), ARRAY_A );


		foreach ( $metaset as $meta ) {
			$entries[ $meta['entry_id'] ][ $meta['meta_key'] . $meta['item_index'] ] = $meta['meta_value'];
		}

		foreach ( $entryset as $entry ) {
			if ( isset( $cache['form_meta'][ $entry['form_id'] ] ) ) {
				$form = $cache['form_meta'][ $entry['form_id'] ];
			} else {
				$form = $cache['form_meta'][ $entry['form_id'] ] = RGFormsModel::get_form_meta( $entry['form_id'] );
			}

			$openssl_encrypted_fields = GFFormsModel::get_openssl_encrypted_fields( $entry['id'] );

			foreach ( $form['fields'] as $field ) {
				/* @var GF_Field $field */

				$inputs = $field->get_entry_inputs();
				if ( is_array( $inputs ) ) {
					foreach ( $inputs as $input ) {
						$entries[ $entry['id'] ][ (string) $input['id'] ] = gf_apply_filters( array(
							'gform_get_input_value',
							$form['id'],
							$field->id,
							$input['id']
						), rgar( $entries[ $entry['id'] ], (string) $input['id'] ), $entry, $field, $input['id'] );
					}
				} else {
					$value = rgar( $entries[ $entry['id'] ], (string) $field->id );
					if ( in_array( (string) $field->id, $openssl_encrypted_fields ) ) {
						$value = GFCommon::openssl_decrypt( $value );
					}
					$entries[ $entry['id'] ][ $field->id ] = gf_apply_filters( array(
						'gform_get_input_value',
						$form['id'],
						$field->id
					), $value, $entry, $field, '' );
				}
			}

			if ( isset( $cache['form_entry_meta'][ $entry['form_id'] ] ) ) {
				$entry_meta = $cache['form_entry_meta'][ $entry['form_id'] ];
			}

			foreach ( array_keys( $entry_meta ) as $meta_key ) {
				if ( isset( $entries[ $entry['id'] ][ $meta_key ] ) ) {
					$entries[ $entry['id'] ][ $meta_key ] = maybe_unserialize( $entries[ $entry['id'] ][ $meta_key ] );
				} else {
					$entries[ $entry['id'] ][ $meta_key ] = false;
				}
			}

			GFFormsModel::hydrate_repeaters( $entries[ $entry['id'] ], $form );
		}

		$results = array();

		foreach ( $entry_ids as $entry_id ) {
			if ( count( $entry_id ) > 1 ) {
				$joined_entries = array();
				foreach ( $entry_id as $id ) {
					if ( ! isset( $entries[ $id ] ) ) {
						continue;
					}
					$joined_entries[ $entries[ $id ][ 'form_id' ] ] = &$entries[ $id ];
				}
				$results[] = $joined_entries;
			} elseif ( count( $entry_id ) == 1 ) {
				if ( ! isset( $entries[ $entry_id[0] ] ) ) {
					continue;
				}
				$results[] = &$entries[ $entry_id[0] ];
			}
		}

		return $results;
	}

	private function set_sub_field_values( $field, $db_values, $sub_field_values, $form, &$entry ) {
		if ( isset( $field->fields ) && is_array( $field->fields ) ) {
			foreach ( $field->fields as $sub_field ) {
				$this->set_sub_field_values( $sub_field, $db_values, $sub_field_values, $form, $entry );
			}
			return;
		}
		foreach( $db_values as $key => $db_value ) {
			if ( $key == $field->id || preg_match( "/$field->id(\.|_)/", $key ) ) {
				$entry[ $key ] = $db_value;
			}
		}
		return;
	}
}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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