<?php namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms; use Doctrine\Common\EventManager; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaAlterTableAddColumnEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaAlterTableChangeColumnEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaAlterTableEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaAlterTableRemoveColumnEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaAlterTableRenameColumnEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaCreateTableColumnEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaCreateTableEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\SchemaDropTableEventArgs; use Doctrine\DBAL\Events; use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception; use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\Keywords\KeywordList; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Column; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\ColumnDiff; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Constraint; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\ForeignKeyConstraint; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Identifier; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Index; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Sequence; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table; use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\TableDiff; use Doctrine\DBAL\TransactionIsolationLevel; use Doctrine\DBAL\Types; use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type; use Doctrine\Deprecations\Deprecation; use InvalidArgumentException; use UnexpectedValueException; use function addcslashes; use function array_map; use function array_merge; use function array_unique; use function array_values; use function assert; use function count; use function explode; use function func_get_arg; use function func_get_args; use function func_num_args; use function implode; use function in_array; use function is_array; use function is_bool; use function is_int; use function is_string; use function preg_quote; use function preg_replace; use function sprintf; use function str_replace; use function strlen; use function strpos; use function strtolower; use function strtoupper; /** * Base class for all DatabasePlatforms. The DatabasePlatforms are the central * point of abstraction of platform-specific behaviors, features and SQL dialects. * They are a passive source of information. * * @todo Remove any unnecessary methods. */ abstract class AbstractPlatform { public const CREATE_INDEXES = 1; public const CREATE_FOREIGNKEYS = 2; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::INTERVAL_UNIT_SECOND. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_SECOND = DateIntervalUnit::SECOND; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::MINUTE. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_MINUTE = DateIntervalUnit::MINUTE; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::HOUR. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_HOUR = DateIntervalUnit::HOUR; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::DAY. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_DAY = DateIntervalUnit::DAY; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::WEEK. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_WEEK = DateIntervalUnit::WEEK; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::MONTH. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_MONTH = DateIntervalUnit::MONTH; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::QUARTER. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_QUARTER = DateIntervalUnit::QUARTER; /** * @deprecated Use DateIntervalUnit::QUARTER. */ public const DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_YEAR = DateIntervalUnit::YEAR; /** * @deprecated Use TrimMode::UNSPECIFIED. */ public const TRIM_UNSPECIFIED = TrimMode::UNSPECIFIED; /** * @deprecated Use TrimMode::LEADING. */ public const TRIM_LEADING = TrimMode::LEADING; /** * @deprecated Use TrimMode::TRAILING. */ public const TRIM_TRAILING = TrimMode::TRAILING; /** * @deprecated Use TrimMode::BOTH. */ public const TRIM_BOTH = TrimMode::BOTH; /** @var string[]|null */ protected $doctrineTypeMapping; /** * Contains a list of all columns that should generate parseable column comments for type-detection * in reverse engineering scenarios. * * @var string[]|null */ protected $doctrineTypeComments; /** @var EventManager|null */ protected $_eventManager; /** * Holds the KeywordList instance for the current platform. * * @var KeywordList|null */ protected $_keywords; public function __construct() { } /** * Sets the EventManager used by the Platform. * * @return void */ public function setEventManager(EventManager $eventManager) { $this->_eventManager = $eventManager; } /** * Gets the EventManager used by the Platform. * * @return EventManager|null */ public function getEventManager() { return $this->_eventManager; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares a boolean column. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getBooleanTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares a 4 byte integer column. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getIntegerTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares an 8 byte integer column. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getBigIntTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares a 2 byte integer column. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getSmallIntTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares common properties of an integer column. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract protected function _getCommonIntegerTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Lazy load Doctrine Type Mappings. * * @return void */ abstract protected function initializeDoctrineTypeMappings(); /** * Initializes Doctrine Type Mappings with the platform defaults * and with all additional type mappings. * * @return void */ private function initializeAllDoctrineTypeMappings() { $this->initializeDoctrineTypeMappings(); foreach (Type::getTypesMap() as $typeName => $className) { foreach (Type::getType($typeName)->getMappedDatabaseTypes($this) as $dbType) { $this->doctrineTypeMapping[$dbType] = $typeName; } } } /** * Returns the SQL snippet used to declare a column that can * store characters in the ASCII character set * * @param mixed[] $column */ public function getAsciiStringTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column): string { return $this->getVarcharTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet used to declare a VARCHAR column type. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getVarcharTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { if (! isset($column['length'])) { $column['length'] = $this->getVarcharDefaultLength(); } $fixed = $column['fixed'] ?? false; $maxLength = $fixed ? $this->getCharMaxLength() : $this->getVarcharMaxLength(); if ($column['length'] > $maxLength) { return $this->getClobTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } return $this->getVarcharTypeDeclarationSQLSnippet($column['length'], $fixed); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet used to declare a BINARY/VARBINARY column type. * * @param mixed[] $column The column definition. * * @return string */ public function getBinaryTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { if (! isset($column['length'])) { $column['length'] = $this->getBinaryDefaultLength(); } $fixed = $column['fixed'] ?? false; $maxLength = $this->getBinaryMaxLength(); if ($column['length'] > $maxLength) { if ($maxLength > 0) { Deprecation::trigger( 'doctrine/dbal', 'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/3187', 'Binary column length %d is greater than supported by the platform (%d).' . ' Reduce the column length or use a BLOB column instead.', $column['length'], $maxLength ); } return $this->getBlobTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } return $this->getBinaryTypeDeclarationSQLSnippet($column['length'], $fixed); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to declare a GUID/UUID column. * * By default this maps directly to a CHAR(36) and only maps to more * special datatypes when the underlying databases support this datatype. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getGuidTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { $column['length'] = 36; $column['fixed'] = true; return $this->getVarcharTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to declare a JSON column. * * By default this maps directly to a CLOB and only maps to more * special datatypes when the underlying databases support this datatype. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getJsonTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { return $this->getClobTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } /** * @param int $length * @param bool $fixed * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ protected function getVarcharTypeDeclarationSQLSnippet($length, $fixed) { throw Exception::notSupported('VARCHARs not supported by Platform.'); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet used to declare a BINARY/VARBINARY column type. * * @param int $length The length of the column. * @param bool $fixed Whether the column length is fixed. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ protected function getBinaryTypeDeclarationSQLSnippet($length, $fixed) { throw Exception::notSupported('BINARY/VARBINARY column types are not supported by this platform.'); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet used to declare a CLOB column type. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getClobTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Returns the SQL Snippet used to declare a BLOB column type. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ abstract public function getBlobTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column); /** * Gets the name of the platform. * * @return string */ abstract public function getName(); /** * Registers a doctrine type to be used in conjunction with a column type of this platform. * * @param string $dbType * @param string $doctrineType * * @return void * * @throws Exception If the type is not found. */ public function registerDoctrineTypeMapping($dbType, $doctrineType) { if ($this->doctrineTypeMapping === null) { $this->initializeAllDoctrineTypeMappings(); } if (! Types\Type::hasType($doctrineType)) { throw Exception::typeNotFound($doctrineType); } $dbType = strtolower($dbType); $this->doctrineTypeMapping[$dbType] = $doctrineType; $doctrineType = Type::getType($doctrineType); if (! $doctrineType->requiresSQLCommentHint($this)) { return; } $this->markDoctrineTypeCommented($doctrineType); } /** * Gets the Doctrine type that is mapped for the given database column type. * * @param string $dbType * * @return string * * @throws Exception */ public function getDoctrineTypeMapping($dbType) { if ($this->doctrineTypeMapping === null) { $this->initializeAllDoctrineTypeMappings(); } $dbType = strtolower($dbType); if (! isset($this->doctrineTypeMapping[$dbType])) { throw new Exception( 'Unknown database type ' . $dbType . ' requested, ' . static::class . ' may not support it.' ); } return $this->doctrineTypeMapping[$dbType]; } /** * Checks if a database type is currently supported by this platform. * * @param string $dbType * * @return bool */ public function hasDoctrineTypeMappingFor($dbType) { if ($this->doctrineTypeMapping === null) { $this->initializeAllDoctrineTypeMappings(); } $dbType = strtolower($dbType); return isset($this->doctrineTypeMapping[$dbType]); } /** * Initializes the Doctrine Type comments instance variable for in_array() checks. * * @return void */ protected function initializeCommentedDoctrineTypes() { $this->doctrineTypeComments = []; foreach (Type::getTypesMap() as $typeName => $className) { $type = Type::getType($typeName); if (! $type->requiresSQLCommentHint($this)) { continue; } $this->doctrineTypeComments[] = $typeName; } } /** * Is it necessary for the platform to add a parsable type comment to allow reverse engineering the given type? * * @return bool */ public function isCommentedDoctrineType(Type $doctrineType) { if ($this->doctrineTypeComments === null) { $this->initializeCommentedDoctrineTypes(); } assert(is_array($this->doctrineTypeComments)); return in_array($doctrineType->getName(), $this->doctrineTypeComments); } /** * Marks this type as to be commented in ALTER TABLE and CREATE TABLE statements. * * @param string|Type $doctrineType * * @return void */ public function markDoctrineTypeCommented($doctrineType) { if ($this->doctrineTypeComments === null) { $this->initializeCommentedDoctrineTypes(); } assert(is_array($this->doctrineTypeComments)); $this->doctrineTypeComments[] = $doctrineType instanceof Type ? $doctrineType->getName() : $doctrineType; } /** * Gets the comment to append to a column comment that helps parsing this type in reverse engineering. * * @return string */ public function getDoctrineTypeComment(Type $doctrineType) { return '(DC2Type:' . $doctrineType->getName() . ')'; } /** * Gets the comment of a passed column modified by potential doctrine type comment hints. * * @return string|null */ protected function getColumnComment(Column $column) { $comment = $column->getComment(); if ($this->isCommentedDoctrineType($column->getType())) { $comment .= $this->getDoctrineTypeComment($column->getType()); } return $comment; } /** * Gets the character used for identifier quoting. * * @return string */ public function getIdentifierQuoteCharacter() { return '"'; } /** * Gets the string portion that starts an SQL comment. * * @return string */ public function getSqlCommentStartString() { return '--'; } /** * Gets the string portion that ends an SQL comment. * * @return string */ public function getSqlCommentEndString() { return "\n"; } /** * Gets the maximum length of a char column. */ public function getCharMaxLength(): int { return $this->getVarcharMaxLength(); } /** * Gets the maximum length of a varchar column. * * @return int */ public function getVarcharMaxLength() { return 4000; } /** * Gets the default length of a varchar column. * * @return int */ public function getVarcharDefaultLength() { return 255; } /** * Gets the maximum length of a binary column. * * @return int */ public function getBinaryMaxLength() { return 4000; } /** * Gets the default length of a binary column. * * @return int */ public function getBinaryDefaultLength() { return 255; } /** * Gets all SQL wildcard characters of the platform. * * @return string[] */ public function getWildcards() { return ['%', '_']; } /** * Returns the regular expression operator. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getRegexpExpression() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the global unique identifier expression. * * @deprecated Use application-generated UUIDs instead * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getGuidExpression() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the average value of a column. * * @param string $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including an AVG aggregate function. */ public function getAvgExpression($column) { return 'AVG(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column. * * If a '*' is used instead of a column the number of selected rows is returned. * * @param string|int $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including a COUNT aggregate function. */ public function getCountExpression($column) { return 'COUNT(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the highest value of a column. * * @param string $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including a MAX aggregate function. */ public function getMaxExpression($column) { return 'MAX(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the lowest value of a column. * * @param string $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including a MIN aggregate function. */ public function getMinExpression($column) { return 'MIN(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the total sum of a column. * * @param string $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including a SUM aggregate function. */ public function getSumExpression($column) { return 'SUM(' . $column . ')'; } // scalar functions /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the md5 sum of a column. * * Note: Not SQL92, but common functionality. * * @param string $column * * @return string */ public function getMd5Expression($column) { return 'MD5(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the length of a text column. * * @param string $column * * @return string */ public function getLengthExpression($column) { return 'LENGTH(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the squared value of a column. * * @param string $column The column to use. * * @return string Generated SQL including an SQRT aggregate function. */ public function getSqrtExpression($column) { return 'SQRT(' . $column . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to round a numeric column to the number of decimals specified. * * @param string $column * @param int $decimals * * @return string */ public function getRoundExpression($column, $decimals = 0) { return 'ROUND(' . $column . ', ' . $decimals . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the remainder of the division operation $expression1 / $expression2. * * @param string $expression1 * @param string $expression2 * * @return string */ public function getModExpression($expression1, $expression2) { return 'MOD(' . $expression1 . ', ' . $expression2 . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to trim a string. * * @param string $str The expression to apply the trim to. * @param int $mode The position of the trim (leading/trailing/both). * @param string|bool $char The char to trim, has to be quoted already. Defaults to space. * * @return string */ public function getTrimExpression($str, $mode = TrimMode::UNSPECIFIED, $char = false) { $expression = ''; switch ($mode) { case TrimMode::LEADING: $expression = 'LEADING '; break; case TrimMode::TRAILING: $expression = 'TRAILING '; break; case TrimMode::BOTH: $expression = 'BOTH '; break; } if ($char !== false) { $expression .= $char . ' '; } if ($mode || $char !== false) { $expression .= 'FROM '; } return 'TRIM(' . $expression . $str . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to trim trailing space characters from the expression. * * @param string $str Literal string or column name. * * @return string */ public function getRtrimExpression($str) { return 'RTRIM(' . $str . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to trim leading space characters from the expression. * * @param string $str Literal string or column name. * * @return string */ public function getLtrimExpression($str) { return 'LTRIM(' . $str . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to change all characters from the expression to uppercase, * according to the current character set mapping. * * @param string $str Literal string or column name. * * @return string */ public function getUpperExpression($str) { return 'UPPER(' . $str . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to change all characters from the expression to lowercase, * according to the current character set mapping. * * @param string $str Literal string or column name. * * @return string */ public function getLowerExpression($str) { return 'LOWER(' . $str . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the position of the first occurrence of substring $substr in string $str. * * @param string $str Literal string. * @param string $substr Literal string to find. * @param int|false $startPos Position to start at, beginning of string by default. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getLocateExpression($str, $substr, $startPos = false) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to get the current system date. * * @return string */ public function getNowExpression() { return 'NOW()'; } /** * Returns a SQL snippet to get a substring inside an SQL statement. * * Note: Not SQL92, but common functionality. * * SQLite only supports the 2 parameter variant of this function. * * @param string $string An sql string literal or column name/alias. * @param int $start Where to start the substring portion. * @param int|null $length The substring portion length. * * @return string */ public function getSubstringExpression($string, $start, $length = null) { if ($length === null) { return 'SUBSTRING(' . $string . ' FROM ' . $start . ')'; } return 'SUBSTRING(' . $string . ' FROM ' . $start . ' FOR ' . $length . ')'; } /** * Returns a SQL snippet to concatenate the given expressions. * * Accepts an arbitrary number of string parameters. Each parameter must contain an expression. * * @return string */ public function getConcatExpression() { return implode(' || ', func_get_args()); } /** * Returns the SQL for a logical not. * * Example: * <code> * $q = new Doctrine_Query(); * $e = $q->expr; * $q->select('*')->from('table') * ->where($e->eq('id', $e->not('null')); * </code> * * @param string $expression * * @return string The logical expression. */ public function getNotExpression($expression) { return 'NOT(' . $expression . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL that checks if an expression is null. * * @param string $expression The expression that should be compared to null. * * @return string The logical expression. */ public function getIsNullExpression($expression) { return $expression . ' IS NULL'; } /** * Returns the SQL that checks if an expression is not null. * * @param string $expression The expression that should be compared to null. * * @return string The logical expression. */ public function getIsNotNullExpression($expression) { return $expression . ' IS NOT NULL'; } /** * Returns the SQL that checks if an expression evaluates to a value between two values. * * The parameter $expression is checked if it is between $value1 and $value2. * * Note: There is a slight difference in the way BETWEEN works on some databases. * http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_between.asp. If you want complete database * independence you should avoid using between(). * * @param string $expression The value to compare to. * @param string $value1 The lower value to compare with. * @param string $value2 The higher value to compare with. * * @return string The logical expression. */ public function getBetweenExpression($expression, $value1, $value2) { return $expression . ' BETWEEN ' . $value1 . ' AND ' . $value2; } /** * Returns the SQL to get the arccosine of a value. * * @param string $value * * @return string */ public function getAcosExpression($value) { return 'ACOS(' . $value . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL to get the sine of a value. * * @param string $value * * @return string */ public function getSinExpression($value) { return 'SIN(' . $value . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL to get the PI value. * * @return string */ public function getPiExpression() { return 'PI()'; } /** * Returns the SQL to get the cosine of a value. * * @param string $value * * @return string */ public function getCosExpression($value) { return 'COS(' . $value . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL to calculate the difference in days between the two passed dates. * * Computes diff = date1 - date2. * * @param string $date1 * @param string $date2 * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateDiffExpression($date1, $date2) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given seconds to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $seconds * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddSecondsExpression($date, $seconds) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $seconds, DateIntervalUnit::SECOND); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given seconds from a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $seconds * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubSecondsExpression($date, $seconds) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $seconds, DateIntervalUnit::SECOND); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given minutes to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $minutes * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddMinutesExpression($date, $minutes) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $minutes, DateIntervalUnit::MINUTE); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given minutes from a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $minutes * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubMinutesExpression($date, $minutes) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $minutes, DateIntervalUnit::MINUTE); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given hours to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $hours * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddHourExpression($date, $hours) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $hours, DateIntervalUnit::HOUR); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given hours to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $hours * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubHourExpression($date, $hours) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $hours, DateIntervalUnit::HOUR); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given days to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $days * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddDaysExpression($date, $days) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $days, DateIntervalUnit::DAY); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given days to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $days * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubDaysExpression($date, $days) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $days, DateIntervalUnit::DAY); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given weeks to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $weeks * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddWeeksExpression($date, $weeks) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $weeks, DateIntervalUnit::WEEK); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given weeks from a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $weeks * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubWeeksExpression($date, $weeks) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $weeks, DateIntervalUnit::WEEK); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given months to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $months * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddMonthExpression($date, $months) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $months, DateIntervalUnit::MONTH); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given months to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $months * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubMonthExpression($date, $months) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $months, DateIntervalUnit::MONTH); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given quarters to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $quarters * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddQuartersExpression($date, $quarters) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $quarters, DateIntervalUnit::QUARTER); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given quarters from a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $quarters * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubQuartersExpression($date, $quarters) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $quarters, DateIntervalUnit::QUARTER); } /** * Returns the SQL to add the number of given years to a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $years * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateAddYearsExpression($date, $years) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '+', $years, DateIntervalUnit::YEAR); } /** * Returns the SQL to subtract the number of given years from a date. * * @param string $date * @param int $years * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateSubYearsExpression($date, $years) { return $this->getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, '-', $years, DateIntervalUnit::YEAR); } /** * Returns the SQL for a date arithmetic expression. * * @param string $date The column or literal representing a date to perform the arithmetic operation on. * @param string $operator The arithmetic operator (+ or -). * @param int $interval The interval that shall be calculated into the date. * @param string $unit The unit of the interval that shall be calculated into the date. * One of the DATE_INTERVAL_UNIT_* constants. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ protected function getDateArithmeticIntervalExpression($date, $operator, $interval, $unit) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL bit AND comparison expression. * * @param string $value1 * @param string $value2 * * @return string */ public function getBitAndComparisonExpression($value1, $value2) { return '(' . $value1 . ' & ' . $value2 . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL bit OR comparison expression. * * @param string $value1 * @param string $value2 * * @return string */ public function getBitOrComparisonExpression($value1, $value2) { return '(' . $value1 . ' | ' . $value2 . ')'; } /** * Returns the FOR UPDATE expression. * * @return string */ public function getForUpdateSQL() { return 'FOR UPDATE'; } /** * Honors that some SQL vendors such as MsSql use table hints for locking instead of the * ANSI SQL FOR UPDATE specification. * * @param string $fromClause The FROM clause to append the hint for the given lock mode to. * @param int|null $lockMode One of the Doctrine\DBAL\LockMode::* constants. If null is given, nothing will * be appended to the FROM clause. * * @return string */ public function appendLockHint($fromClause, $lockMode) { return $fromClause; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to append to any SELECT statement which locks rows in shared read lock. * * This defaults to the ANSI SQL "FOR UPDATE", which is an exclusive lock (Write). Some database * vendors allow to lighten this constraint up to be a real read lock. * * @return string */ public function getReadLockSQL() { return $this->getForUpdateSQL(); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to append to any SELECT statement which obtains an exclusive lock on the rows. * * The semantics of this lock mode should equal the SELECT .. FOR UPDATE of the ANSI SQL standard. * * @return string */ public function getWriteLockSQL() { return $this->getForUpdateSQL(); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to drop an existing database. * * @param string $name The name of the database that should be dropped. * * @return string */ public function getDropDatabaseSQL($name) { return 'DROP DATABASE ' . $name; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to drop an existing table. * * @param Table|string $table * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getDropTableSQL($table) { $tableArg = $table; if ($table instanceof Table) { $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); } if (! is_string($table)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException( __METHOD__ . '() expects $table parameter to be string or ' . Table::class . '.' ); } if ($this->_eventManager !== null && $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaDropTable)) { $eventArgs = new SchemaDropTableEventArgs($tableArg, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaDropTable, $eventArgs); if ($eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented()) { $sql = $eventArgs->getSql(); if ($sql === null) { throw new UnexpectedValueException('Default implementation of DROP TABLE was overridden with NULL'); } return $sql; } } return 'DROP TABLE ' . $table; } /** * Returns the SQL to safely drop a temporary table WITHOUT implicitly committing an open transaction. * * @param Table|string $table * * @return string */ public function getDropTemporaryTableSQL($table) { return $this->getDropTableSQL($table); } /** * Returns the SQL to drop an index from a table. * * @param Index|string $index * @param Table|string $table * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getDropIndexSQL($index, $table = null) { if ($index instanceof Index) { $index = $index->getQuotedName($this); } elseif (! is_string($index)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException( __METHOD__ . '() expects $index parameter to be string or ' . Index::class . '.' ); } return 'DROP INDEX ' . $index; } /** * Returns the SQL to drop a constraint. * * @param Constraint|string $constraint * @param Table|string $table * * @return string */ public function getDropConstraintSQL($constraint, $table) { if (! $constraint instanceof Constraint) { $constraint = new Identifier($constraint); } if (! $table instanceof Table) { $table = new Identifier($table); } $constraint = $constraint->getQuotedName($this); $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $table . ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' . $constraint; } /** * Returns the SQL to drop a foreign key. * * @param ForeignKeyConstraint|string $foreignKey * @param Table|string $table * * @return string */ public function getDropForeignKeySQL($foreignKey, $table) { if (! $foreignKey instanceof ForeignKeyConstraint) { $foreignKey = new Identifier($foreignKey); } if (! $table instanceof Table) { $table = new Identifier($table); } $foreignKey = $foreignKey->getQuotedName($this); $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $table . ' DROP FOREIGN KEY ' . $foreignKey; } /** * Returns the SQL statement(s) to create a table with the specified name, columns and constraints * on this platform. * * @param int $createFlags * * @return string[] The sequence of SQL statements. * * @throws Exception * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getCreateTableSQL(Table $table, $createFlags = self::CREATE_INDEXES) { if (! is_int($createFlags)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException( 'Second argument of AbstractPlatform::getCreateTableSQL() has to be integer.' ); } if (count($table->getColumns()) === 0) { throw Exception::noColumnsSpecifiedForTable($table->getName()); } $tableName = $table->getQuotedName($this); $options = $table->getOptions(); $options['uniqueConstraints'] = []; $options['indexes'] = []; $options['primary'] = []; if (($createFlags & self::CREATE_INDEXES) > 0) { foreach ($table->getIndexes() as $index) { if ($index->isPrimary()) { $options['primary'] = $index->getQuotedColumns($this); $options['primary_index'] = $index; } else { $options['indexes'][$index->getQuotedName($this)] = $index; } } } $columnSql = []; $columns = []; foreach ($table->getColumns() as $column) { if ( $this->_eventManager !== null && $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaCreateTableColumn) ) { $eventArgs = new SchemaCreateTableColumnEventArgs($column, $table, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaCreateTableColumn, $eventArgs); $columnSql = array_merge($columnSql, $eventArgs->getSql()); if ($eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented()) { continue; } } $name = $column->getQuotedName($this); $columnData = array_merge($column->toArray(), [ 'name' => $name, 'version' => $column->hasPlatformOption('version') ? $column->getPlatformOption('version') : false, 'comment' => $this->getColumnComment($column), ]); if ($columnData['type'] instanceof Types\StringType && $columnData['length'] === null) { $columnData['length'] = 255; } if (in_array($column->getName(), $options['primary'])) { $columnData['primary'] = true; } $columns[$name] = $columnData; } if (($createFlags & self::CREATE_FOREIGNKEYS) > 0) { $options['foreignKeys'] = []; foreach ($table->getForeignKeys() as $fkConstraint) { $options['foreignKeys'][] = $fkConstraint; } } if ($this->_eventManager !== null && $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaCreateTable)) { $eventArgs = new SchemaCreateTableEventArgs($table, $columns, $options, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaCreateTable, $eventArgs); if ($eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented()) { return array_merge($eventArgs->getSql(), $columnSql); } } $sql = $this->_getCreateTableSQL($tableName, $columns, $options); if ($this->supportsCommentOnStatement()) { if ($table->hasOption('comment')) { $sql[] = $this->getCommentOnTableSQL($tableName, $table->getOption('comment')); } foreach ($table->getColumns() as $column) { $comment = $this->getColumnComment($column); if ($comment === null || $comment === '') { continue; } $sql[] = $this->getCommentOnColumnSQL($tableName, $column->getQuotedName($this), $comment); } } return array_merge($sql, $columnSql); } protected function getCommentOnTableSQL(string $tableName, ?string $comment): string { $tableName = new Identifier($tableName); return sprintf( 'COMMENT ON TABLE %s IS %s', $tableName->getQuotedName($this), $this->quoteStringLiteral((string) $comment) ); } /** * @param string $tableName * @param string $columnName * @param string|null $comment * * @return string */ public function getCommentOnColumnSQL($tableName, $columnName, $comment) { $tableName = new Identifier($tableName); $columnName = new Identifier($columnName); return sprintf( 'COMMENT ON COLUMN %s.%s IS %s', $tableName->getQuotedName($this), $columnName->getQuotedName($this), $this->quoteStringLiteral((string) $comment) ); } /** * Returns the SQL to create inline comment on a column. * * @param string $comment * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getInlineColumnCommentSQL($comment) { if (! $this->supportsInlineColumnComments()) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } return 'COMMENT ' . $this->quoteStringLiteral($comment); } /** * Returns the SQL used to create a table. * * @param string $name * @param mixed[][] $columns * @param mixed[] $options * * @return string[] */ protected function _getCreateTableSQL($name, array $columns, array $options = []) { $columnListSql = $this->getColumnDeclarationListSQL($columns); if (isset($options['uniqueConstraints']) && ! empty($options['uniqueConstraints'])) { foreach ($options['uniqueConstraints'] as $index => $definition) { $columnListSql .= ', ' . $this->getUniqueConstraintDeclarationSQL($index, $definition); } } if (isset($options['primary']) && ! empty($options['primary'])) { $columnListSql .= ', PRIMARY KEY(' . implode(', ', array_unique(array_values($options['primary']))) . ')'; } if (isset($options['indexes']) && ! empty($options['indexes'])) { foreach ($options['indexes'] as $index => $definition) { $columnListSql .= ', ' . $this->getIndexDeclarationSQL($index, $definition); } } $query = 'CREATE TABLE ' . $name . ' (' . $columnListSql; $check = $this->getCheckDeclarationSQL($columns); if (! empty($check)) { $query .= ', ' . $check; } $query .= ')'; $sql = [$query]; if (isset($options['foreignKeys'])) { foreach ((array) $options['foreignKeys'] as $definition) { $sql[] = $this->getCreateForeignKeySQL($definition, $name); } } return $sql; } /** * @return string */ public function getCreateTemporaryTableSnippetSQL() { return 'CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE'; } /** * Returns the SQL to create a sequence on this platform. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getCreateSequenceSQL(Sequence $sequence) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to change a sequence on this platform. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getAlterSequenceSQL(Sequence $sequence) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to create a constraint on a table on this platform. * * @param Table|string $table * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getCreateConstraintSQL(Constraint $constraint, $table) { if ($table instanceof Table) { $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); } $query = 'ALTER TABLE ' . $table . ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' . $constraint->getQuotedName($this); $columnList = '(' . implode(', ', $constraint->getQuotedColumns($this)) . ')'; $referencesClause = ''; if ($constraint instanceof Index) { if ($constraint->isPrimary()) { $query .= ' PRIMARY KEY'; } elseif ($constraint->isUnique()) { $query .= ' UNIQUE'; } else { throw new InvalidArgumentException( 'Can only create primary or unique constraints, no common indexes with getCreateConstraintSQL().' ); } } elseif ($constraint instanceof ForeignKeyConstraint) { $query .= ' FOREIGN KEY'; $referencesClause = ' REFERENCES ' . $constraint->getQuotedForeignTableName($this) . ' (' . implode(', ', $constraint->getQuotedForeignColumns($this)) . ')'; } $query .= ' ' . $columnList . $referencesClause; return $query; } /** * Returns the SQL to create an index on a table on this platform. * * @param Table|string $table The name of the table on which the index is to be created. * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getCreateIndexSQL(Index $index, $table) { if ($table instanceof Table) { $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); } $name = $index->getQuotedName($this); $columns = $index->getColumns(); if (count($columns) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'columns' required."); } if ($index->isPrimary()) { return $this->getCreatePrimaryKeySQL($index, $table); } $query = 'CREATE ' . $this->getCreateIndexSQLFlags($index) . 'INDEX ' . $name . ' ON ' . $table; $query .= ' (' . $this->getIndexFieldDeclarationListSQL($index) . ')' . $this->getPartialIndexSQL($index); return $query; } /** * Adds condition for partial index. * * @return string */ protected function getPartialIndexSQL(Index $index) { if ($this->supportsPartialIndexes() && $index->hasOption('where')) { return ' WHERE ' . $index->getOption('where'); } return ''; } /** * Adds additional flags for index generation. * * @return string */ protected function getCreateIndexSQLFlags(Index $index) { return $index->isUnique() ? 'UNIQUE ' : ''; } /** * Returns the SQL to create an unnamed primary key constraint. * * @param Table|string $table * * @return string */ public function getCreatePrimaryKeySQL(Index $index, $table) { if ($table instanceof Table) { $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); } return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $table . ' ADD PRIMARY KEY (' . $this->getIndexFieldDeclarationListSQL($index) . ')'; } /** * Returns the SQL to create a named schema. * * @param string $schemaName * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getCreateSchemaSQL($schemaName) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Quotes a string so that it can be safely used as a table or column name, * even if it is a reserved word of the platform. This also detects identifier * chains separated by dot and quotes them independently. * * NOTE: Just because you CAN use quoted identifiers doesn't mean * you SHOULD use them. In general, they end up causing way more * problems than they solve. * * @param string $str The identifier name to be quoted. * * @return string The quoted identifier string. */ public function quoteIdentifier($str) { if (strpos($str, '.') !== false) { $parts = array_map([$this, 'quoteSingleIdentifier'], explode('.', $str)); return implode('.', $parts); } return $this->quoteSingleIdentifier($str); } /** * Quotes a single identifier (no dot chain separation). * * @param string $str The identifier name to be quoted. * * @return string The quoted identifier string. */ public function quoteSingleIdentifier($str) { $c = $this->getIdentifierQuoteCharacter(); return $c . str_replace($c, $c . $c, $str) . $c; } /** * Returns the SQL to create a new foreign key. * * @param ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey The foreign key constraint. * @param Table|string $table The name of the table on which the foreign key is to be created. * * @return string */ public function getCreateForeignKeySQL(ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey, $table) { if ($table instanceof Table) { $table = $table->getQuotedName($this); } return 'ALTER TABLE ' . $table . ' ADD ' . $this->getForeignKeyDeclarationSQL($foreignKey); } /** * Gets the SQL statements for altering an existing table. * * This method returns an array of SQL statements, since some platforms need several statements. * * @return string[] * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getAlterTableSQL(TableDiff $diff) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param mixed[] $columnSql * * @return bool */ protected function onSchemaAlterTableAddColumn(Column $column, TableDiff $diff, &$columnSql) { if ($this->_eventManager === null) { return false; } if (! $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaAlterTableAddColumn)) { return false; } $eventArgs = new SchemaAlterTableAddColumnEventArgs($column, $diff, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaAlterTableAddColumn, $eventArgs); $columnSql = array_merge($columnSql, $eventArgs->getSql()); return $eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented(); } /** * @param string[] $columnSql * * @return bool */ protected function onSchemaAlterTableRemoveColumn(Column $column, TableDiff $diff, &$columnSql) { if ($this->_eventManager === null) { return false; } if (! $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaAlterTableRemoveColumn)) { return false; } $eventArgs = new SchemaAlterTableRemoveColumnEventArgs($column, $diff, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaAlterTableRemoveColumn, $eventArgs); $columnSql = array_merge($columnSql, $eventArgs->getSql()); return $eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented(); } /** * @param string[] $columnSql * * @return bool */ protected function onSchemaAlterTableChangeColumn(ColumnDiff $columnDiff, TableDiff $diff, &$columnSql) { if ($this->_eventManager === null) { return false; } if (! $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaAlterTableChangeColumn)) { return false; } $eventArgs = new SchemaAlterTableChangeColumnEventArgs($columnDiff, $diff, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaAlterTableChangeColumn, $eventArgs); $columnSql = array_merge($columnSql, $eventArgs->getSql()); return $eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented(); } /** * @param string $oldColumnName * @param string[] $columnSql * * @return bool */ protected function onSchemaAlterTableRenameColumn($oldColumnName, Column $column, TableDiff $diff, &$columnSql) { if ($this->_eventManager === null) { return false; } if (! $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaAlterTableRenameColumn)) { return false; } $eventArgs = new SchemaAlterTableRenameColumnEventArgs($oldColumnName, $column, $diff, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaAlterTableRenameColumn, $eventArgs); $columnSql = array_merge($columnSql, $eventArgs->getSql()); return $eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented(); } /** * @param string[] $sql * * @return bool */ protected function onSchemaAlterTable(TableDiff $diff, &$sql) { if ($this->_eventManager === null) { return false; } if (! $this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onSchemaAlterTable)) { return false; } $eventArgs = new SchemaAlterTableEventArgs($diff, $this); $this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onSchemaAlterTable, $eventArgs); $sql = array_merge($sql, $eventArgs->getSql()); return $eventArgs->isDefaultPrevented(); } /** * @return string[] */ protected function getPreAlterTableIndexForeignKeySQL(TableDiff $diff) { $tableName = $diff->getName($this)->getQuotedName($this); $sql = []; if ($this->supportsForeignKeyConstraints()) { foreach ($diff->removedForeignKeys as $foreignKey) { $sql[] = $this->getDropForeignKeySQL($foreignKey, $tableName); } foreach ($diff->changedForeignKeys as $foreignKey) { $sql[] = $this->getDropForeignKeySQL($foreignKey, $tableName); } } foreach ($diff->removedIndexes as $index) { $sql[] = $this->getDropIndexSQL($index, $tableName); } foreach ($diff->changedIndexes as $index) { $sql[] = $this->getDropIndexSQL($index, $tableName); } return $sql; } /** * @return string[] */ protected function getPostAlterTableIndexForeignKeySQL(TableDiff $diff) { $sql = []; $newName = $diff->getNewName(); if ($newName !== false) { $tableName = $newName->getQuotedName($this); } else { $tableName = $diff->getName($this)->getQuotedName($this); } if ($this->supportsForeignKeyConstraints()) { foreach ($diff->addedForeignKeys as $foreignKey) { $sql[] = $this->getCreateForeignKeySQL($foreignKey, $tableName); } foreach ($diff->changedForeignKeys as $foreignKey) { $sql[] = $this->getCreateForeignKeySQL($foreignKey, $tableName); } } foreach ($diff->addedIndexes as $index) { $sql[] = $this->getCreateIndexSQL($index, $tableName); } foreach ($diff->changedIndexes as $index) { $sql[] = $this->getCreateIndexSQL($index, $tableName); } foreach ($diff->renamedIndexes as $oldIndexName => $index) { $oldIndexName = new Identifier($oldIndexName); $sql = array_merge( $sql, $this->getRenameIndexSQL($oldIndexName->getQuotedName($this), $index, $tableName) ); } return $sql; } /** * Returns the SQL for renaming an index on a table. * * @param string $oldIndexName The name of the index to rename from. * @param Index $index The definition of the index to rename to. * @param string $tableName The table to rename the given index on. * * @return string[] The sequence of SQL statements for renaming the given index. */ protected function getRenameIndexSQL($oldIndexName, Index $index, $tableName) { return [ $this->getDropIndexSQL($oldIndexName, $tableName), $this->getCreateIndexSQL($index, $tableName), ]; } /** * Common code for alter table statement generation that updates the changed Index and Foreign Key definitions. * * @deprecated * * @return string[] */ protected function _getAlterTableIndexForeignKeySQL(TableDiff $diff) { return array_merge( $this->getPreAlterTableIndexForeignKeySQL($diff), $this->getPostAlterTableIndexForeignKeySQL($diff) ); } /** * Gets declaration of a number of columns in bulk. * * @param mixed[][] $columns A multidimensional associative array. * The first dimension determines the column name, while the second * dimension is keyed with the name of the properties * of the column being declared as array indexes. Currently, the types * of supported column properties are as follows: * * length * Integer value that determines the maximum length of the text * column. If this argument is missing the column should be * declared to have the longest length allowed by the DBMS. * * default * Text value to be used as default for this column. * * notnull * Boolean flag that indicates whether this column is constrained * to not be set to null. * charset * Text value with the default CHARACTER SET for this column. * collation * Text value with the default COLLATION for this column. * unique * unique constraint * * @return string */ public function getColumnDeclarationListSQL(array $columns) { $declarations = []; foreach ($columns as $name => $column) { $declarations[] = $this->getColumnDeclarationSQL($name, $column); } return implode(', ', $declarations); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to declare a generic type * column to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string $name The name the column to be declared. * @param mixed[] $column An associative array with the name of the properties * of the column being declared as array indexes. Currently, the types * of supported column properties are as follows: * * length * Integer value that determines the maximum length of the text * column. If this argument is missing the column should be * declared to have the longest length allowed by the DBMS. * * default * Text value to be used as default for this column. * * notnull * Boolean flag that indicates whether this column is constrained * to not be set to null. * charset * Text value with the default CHARACTER SET for this column. * collation * Text value with the default COLLATION for this column. * unique * unique constraint * check * column check constraint * columnDefinition * a string that defines the complete column * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion that should be used to declare the column. */ public function getColumnDeclarationSQL($name, array $column) { if (isset($column['columnDefinition'])) { $declaration = $this->getCustomTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } else { $default = $this->getDefaultValueDeclarationSQL($column); $charset = isset($column['charset']) && $column['charset'] ? ' ' . $this->getColumnCharsetDeclarationSQL($column['charset']) : ''; $collation = isset($column['collation']) && $column['collation'] ? ' ' . $this->getColumnCollationDeclarationSQL($column['collation']) : ''; $notnull = isset($column['notnull']) && $column['notnull'] ? ' NOT NULL' : ''; $unique = isset($column['unique']) && $column['unique'] ? ' ' . $this->getUniqueFieldDeclarationSQL() : ''; $check = isset($column['check']) && $column['check'] ? ' ' . $column['check'] : ''; $typeDecl = $column['type']->getSQLDeclaration($column, $this); $declaration = $typeDecl . $charset . $default . $notnull . $unique . $check . $collation; if ($this->supportsInlineColumnComments() && isset($column['comment']) && $column['comment'] !== '') { $declaration .= ' ' . $this->getInlineColumnCommentSQL($column['comment']); } } return $name . ' ' . $declaration; } /** * Returns the SQL snippet that declares a floating point column of arbitrary precision. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getDecimalTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { $column['precision'] = ! isset($column['precision']) || empty($column['precision']) ? 10 : $column['precision']; $column['scale'] = ! isset($column['scale']) || empty($column['scale']) ? 0 : $column['scale']; return 'NUMERIC(' . $column['precision'] . ', ' . $column['scale'] . ')'; } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a default value * declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param mixed[] $column The column definition array. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a default value. */ public function getDefaultValueDeclarationSQL($column) { if (! isset($column['default'])) { return empty($column['notnull']) ? ' DEFAULT NULL' : ''; } $default = $column['default']; if (! isset($column['type'])) { return " DEFAULT '" . $default . "'"; } $type = $column['type']; if ($type instanceof Types\PhpIntegerMappingType) { return ' DEFAULT ' . $default; } if ($type instanceof Types\PhpDateTimeMappingType && $default === $this->getCurrentTimestampSQL()) { return ' DEFAULT ' . $this->getCurrentTimestampSQL(); } if ($type instanceof Types\TimeType && $default === $this->getCurrentTimeSQL()) { return ' DEFAULT ' . $this->getCurrentTimeSQL(); } if ($type instanceof Types\DateType && $default === $this->getCurrentDateSQL()) { return ' DEFAULT ' . $this->getCurrentDateSQL(); } if ($type instanceof Types\BooleanType) { return " DEFAULT '" . $this->convertBooleans($default) . "'"; } return ' DEFAULT ' . $this->quoteStringLiteral($default); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a CHECK constraint * declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string[]|mixed[][] $definition The check definition. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a CHECK constraint. */ public function getCheckDeclarationSQL(array $definition) { $constraints = []; foreach ($definition as $column => $def) { if (is_string($def)) { $constraints[] = 'CHECK (' . $def . ')'; } else { if (isset($def['min'])) { $constraints[] = 'CHECK (' . $column . ' >= ' . $def['min'] . ')'; } if (isset($def['max'])) { $constraints[] = 'CHECK (' . $column . ' <= ' . $def['max'] . ')'; } } } return implode(', ', $constraints); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a unique * constraint declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string $name The name of the unique constraint. * @param Index $index The index definition. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set a constraint. * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getUniqueConstraintDeclarationSQL($name, Index $index) { $columns = $index->getColumns(); $name = new Identifier($name); if (count($columns) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'columns' required."); } return 'CONSTRAINT ' . $name->getQuotedName($this) . ' UNIQUE (' . $this->getIndexFieldDeclarationListSQL($index) . ')' . $this->getPartialIndexSQL($index); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set an index * declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string $name The name of the index. * @param Index $index The index definition. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set an index. * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getIndexDeclarationSQL($name, Index $index) { $columns = $index->getColumns(); $name = new Identifier($name); if (count($columns) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'columns' required."); } return $this->getCreateIndexSQLFlags($index) . 'INDEX ' . $name->getQuotedName($this) . ' (' . $this->getIndexFieldDeclarationListSQL($index) . ')' . $this->getPartialIndexSQL($index); } /** * Obtains SQL code portion needed to create a custom column, * e.g. when a column has the "columnDefinition" keyword. * Only "AUTOINCREMENT" and "PRIMARY KEY" are added if appropriate. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getCustomTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { return $column['columnDefinition']; } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set an index * declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param mixed[]|Index $columnsOrIndex array declaration is deprecated, prefer passing Index to this method */ public function getIndexFieldDeclarationListSQL($columnsOrIndex): string { if ($columnsOrIndex instanceof Index) { return implode(', ', $columnsOrIndex->getQuotedColumns($this)); } if (! is_array($columnsOrIndex)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('Fields argument should be an Index or array.'); } $ret = []; foreach ($columnsOrIndex as $column => $definition) { if (is_array($definition)) { $ret[] = $column; } else { $ret[] = $definition; } } return implode(', ', $ret); } /** * Returns the required SQL string that fits between CREATE ... TABLE * to create the table as a temporary table. * * Should be overridden in driver classes to return the correct string for the * specific database type. * * The default is to return the string "TEMPORARY" - this will result in a * SQL error for any database that does not support temporary tables, or that * requires a different SQL command from "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE". * * @return string The string required to be placed between "CREATE" and "TABLE" * to generate a temporary table, if possible. */ public function getTemporaryTableSQL() { return 'TEMPORARY'; } /** * Some vendors require temporary table names to be qualified specially. * * @param string $tableName * * @return string */ public function getTemporaryTableName($tableName) { return $tableName; } /** * Obtain DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the FOREIGN KEY constraint * of a column declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the FOREIGN KEY constraint * of a column declaration. */ public function getForeignKeyDeclarationSQL(ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey) { $sql = $this->getForeignKeyBaseDeclarationSQL($foreignKey); $sql .= $this->getAdvancedForeignKeyOptionsSQL($foreignKey); return $sql; } /** * Returns the FOREIGN KEY query section dealing with non-standard options * as MATCH, INITIALLY DEFERRED, ON UPDATE, ... * * @param ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey The foreign key definition. * * @return string */ public function getAdvancedForeignKeyOptionsSQL(ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey) { $query = ''; if ($this->supportsForeignKeyOnUpdate() && $foreignKey->hasOption('onUpdate')) { $query .= ' ON UPDATE ' . $this->getForeignKeyReferentialActionSQL($foreignKey->getOption('onUpdate')); } if ($foreignKey->hasOption('onDelete')) { $query .= ' ON DELETE ' . $this->getForeignKeyReferentialActionSQL($foreignKey->getOption('onDelete')); } return $query; } /** * Returns the given referential action in uppercase if valid, otherwise throws an exception. * * @param string $action The foreign key referential action. * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException If unknown referential action given. */ public function getForeignKeyReferentialActionSQL($action) { $upper = strtoupper($action); switch ($upper) { case 'CASCADE': case 'SET NULL': case 'NO ACTION': case 'RESTRICT': case 'SET DEFAULT': return $upper; default: throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid foreign key action: ' . $upper); } } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the FOREIGN KEY constraint * of a column declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ public function getForeignKeyBaseDeclarationSQL(ForeignKeyConstraint $foreignKey) { $sql = ''; if (strlen($foreignKey->getName())) { $sql .= 'CONSTRAINT ' . $foreignKey->getQuotedName($this) . ' '; } $sql .= 'FOREIGN KEY ('; if (count($foreignKey->getLocalColumns()) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'local' required."); } if (count($foreignKey->getForeignColumns()) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'foreign' required."); } if (strlen($foreignKey->getForeignTableName()) === 0) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("Incomplete definition. 'foreignTable' required."); } return $sql . implode(', ', $foreignKey->getQuotedLocalColumns($this)) . ') REFERENCES ' . $foreignKey->getQuotedForeignTableName($this) . ' (' . implode(', ', $foreignKey->getQuotedForeignColumns($this)) . ')'; } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the UNIQUE constraint * of a column declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the UNIQUE constraint * of a column declaration. */ public function getUniqueFieldDeclarationSQL() { return 'UNIQUE'; } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the CHARACTER SET * of a column declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string $charset The name of the charset. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the CHARACTER SET * of a column declaration. */ public function getColumnCharsetDeclarationSQL($charset) { return ''; } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the COLLATION * of a column declaration to be used in statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param string $collation The name of the collation. * * @return string DBMS specific SQL code portion needed to set the COLLATION * of a column declaration. */ public function getColumnCollationDeclarationSQL($collation) { return $this->supportsColumnCollation() ? 'COLLATE ' . $collation : ''; } /** * Whether the platform prefers sequences for ID generation. * Subclasses should override this method to return TRUE if they prefer sequences. * * @deprecated * * @return bool */ public function prefersSequences() { Deprecation::trigger( 'doctrine/dbal', 'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4229', 'AbstractPlatform::prefersSequences() is deprecated without replacement and removed in DBAL 3.0' ); return false; } /** * Whether the platform prefers identity columns (eg. autoincrement) for ID generation. * Subclasses should override this method to return TRUE if they prefer identity columns. * * @return bool */ public function prefersIdentityColumns() { return false; } /** * Some platforms need the boolean values to be converted. * * The default conversion in this implementation converts to integers (false => 0, true => 1). * * Note: if the input is not a boolean the original input might be returned. * * There are two contexts when converting booleans: Literals and Prepared Statements. * This method should handle the literal case * * @param mixed $item A boolean or an array of them. * * @return mixed A boolean database value or an array of them. */ public function convertBooleans($item) { if (is_array($item)) { foreach ($item as $k => $value) { if (! is_bool($value)) { continue; } $item[$k] = (int) $value; } } elseif (is_bool($item)) { $item = (int) $item; } return $item; } /** * Some platforms have boolean literals that needs to be correctly converted * * The default conversion tries to convert value into bool "(bool)$item" * * @param mixed $item * * @return bool|null */ public function convertFromBoolean($item) { return $item === null ? null : (bool) $item; } /** * This method should handle the prepared statements case. When there is no * distinction, it's OK to use the same method. * * Note: if the input is not a boolean the original input might be returned. * * @param mixed $item A boolean or an array of them. * * @return mixed A boolean database value or an array of them. */ public function convertBooleansToDatabaseValue($item) { return $this->convertBooleans($item); } /** * Returns the SQL specific for the platform to get the current date. * * @return string */ public function getCurrentDateSQL() { return 'CURRENT_DATE'; } /** * Returns the SQL specific for the platform to get the current time. * * @return string */ public function getCurrentTimeSQL() { return 'CURRENT_TIME'; } /** * Returns the SQL specific for the platform to get the current timestamp * * @return string */ public function getCurrentTimestampSQL() { return 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'; } /** * Returns the SQL for a given transaction isolation level Connection constant. * * @param int $level * * @return string * * @throws InvalidArgumentException */ protected function _getTransactionIsolationLevelSQL($level) { switch ($level) { case TransactionIsolationLevel::READ_UNCOMMITTED: return 'READ UNCOMMITTED'; case TransactionIsolationLevel::READ_COMMITTED: return 'READ COMMITTED'; case TransactionIsolationLevel::REPEATABLE_READ: return 'REPEATABLE READ'; case TransactionIsolationLevel::SERIALIZABLE: return 'SERIALIZABLE'; default: throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid isolation level:' . $level); } } /** * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListDatabasesSQL() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL statement for retrieving the namespaces defined in the database. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListNamespacesSQL() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $database * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListSequencesSQL($database) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $table * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListTableConstraintsSQL($table) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $table * @param string $database * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListTableColumnsSQL($table, $database = null) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListTablesSQL() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListUsersSQL() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to list all views of a database or user. * * @param string $database * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListViewsSQL($database) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the list of indexes for the current database. * * The current database parameter is optional but will always be passed * when using the SchemaManager API and is the database the given table is in. * * Attention: Some platforms only support currentDatabase when they * are connected with that database. Cross-database information schema * requests may be impossible. * * @param string $table * @param string $database * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListTableIndexesSQL($table, $database = null) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $table * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getListTableForeignKeysSQL($table) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $name * @param string $sql * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getCreateViewSQL($name, $sql) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $name * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDropViewSQL($name) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL snippet to drop an existing sequence. * * @param Sequence|string $sequence * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDropSequenceSQL($sequence) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param string $sequence * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getSequenceNextValSQL($sequence) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to create a new database. * * @param string $name The name of the database that should be created. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getCreateDatabaseSQL($name) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Returns the SQL to set the transaction isolation level. * * @param int $level * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getSetTransactionIsolationSQL($level) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL to be used to create datetime columns in * statements like CREATE TABLE. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateTimeTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL to be used to create datetime with timezone offset columns. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getDateTimeTzTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { return $this->getDateTimeTypeDeclarationSQL($column); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL to be used to create date columns in statements * like CREATE TABLE. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDateTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Obtains DBMS specific SQL to be used to create time columns in statements * like CREATE TABLE. * * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getTimeTypeDeclarationSQL(array $column) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * @param mixed[] $column * * @return string */ public function getFloatDeclarationSQL(array $column) { return 'DOUBLE PRECISION'; } /** * Gets the default transaction isolation level of the platform. * * @see TransactionIsolationLevel * * @return int The default isolation level. */ public function getDefaultTransactionIsolationLevel() { return TransactionIsolationLevel::READ_COMMITTED; } /* supports*() methods */ /** * Whether the platform supports sequences. * * @return bool */ public function supportsSequences() { return false; } /** * Whether the platform supports identity columns. * * Identity columns are columns that receive an auto-generated value from the * database on insert of a row. * * @return bool */ public function supportsIdentityColumns() { return false; } /** * Whether the platform emulates identity columns through sequences. * * Some platforms that do not support identity columns natively * but support sequences can emulate identity columns by using * sequences. * * @return bool */ public function usesSequenceEmulatedIdentityColumns() { return false; } /** * Returns the name of the sequence for a particular identity column in a particular table. * * @see usesSequenceEmulatedIdentityColumns * * @param string $tableName The name of the table to return the sequence name for. * @param string $columnName The name of the identity column in the table to return the sequence name for. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getIdentitySequenceName($tableName, $columnName) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Whether the platform supports indexes. * * @return bool */ public function supportsIndexes() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports partial indexes. * * @return bool */ public function supportsPartialIndexes() { return false; } /** * Whether the platform supports indexes with column length definitions. */ public function supportsColumnLengthIndexes(): bool { return false; } /** * Whether the platform supports altering tables. * * @return bool */ public function supportsAlterTable() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports transactions. * * @return bool */ public function supportsTransactions() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports savepoints. * * @return bool */ public function supportsSavepoints() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports releasing savepoints. * * @return bool */ public function supportsReleaseSavepoints() { return $this->supportsSavepoints(); } /** * Whether the platform supports primary key constraints. * * @return bool */ public function supportsPrimaryConstraints() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports foreign key constraints. * * @return bool */ public function supportsForeignKeyConstraints() { return true; } /** * Whether this platform supports onUpdate in foreign key constraints. * * @deprecated * * @return bool */ public function supportsForeignKeyOnUpdate() { Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside( 'doctrine/dbal', 'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4229', 'AbstractPlatform::supportsForeignKeyOnUpdate() is deprecated without replacement and removed in DBAL 3.0' ); return $this->supportsForeignKeyConstraints(); } /** * Whether the platform supports database schemas. * * @return bool */ public function supportsSchemas() { return false; } /** * Whether this platform can emulate schemas. * * Platforms that either support or emulate schemas don't automatically * filter a schema for the namespaced elements in {@link AbstractManager::createSchema()}. * * @return bool */ public function canEmulateSchemas() { return false; } /** * Returns the default schema name. * * @return string * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ public function getDefaultSchemaName() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Whether this platform supports create database. * * Some databases don't allow to create and drop databases at all or only with certain tools. * * @return bool */ public function supportsCreateDropDatabase() { return true; } /** * Whether the platform supports getting the affected rows of a recent update/delete type query. * * @return bool */ public function supportsGettingAffectedRows() { return true; } /** * Whether this platform support to add inline column comments as postfix. * * @return bool */ public function supportsInlineColumnComments() { return false; } /** * Whether this platform support the proprietary syntax "COMMENT ON asset". * * @return bool */ public function supportsCommentOnStatement() { return false; } /** * Does this platform have native guid type. * * @return bool */ public function hasNativeGuidType() { return false; } /** * Does this platform have native JSON type. * * @return bool */ public function hasNativeJsonType() { return false; } /** * @deprecated * * @return string * * @todo Remove in 3.0 */ public function getIdentityColumnNullInsertSQL() { return ''; } /** * Whether this platform supports views. * * @return bool */ public function supportsViews() { return true; } /** * Does this platform support column collation? * * @return bool */ public function supportsColumnCollation() { return false; } /** * Gets the format string, as accepted by the date() function, that describes * the format of a stored datetime value of this platform. * * @return string The format string. */ public function getDateTimeFormatString() { return 'Y-m-d H:i:s'; } /** * Gets the format string, as accepted by the date() function, that describes * the format of a stored datetime with timezone value of this platform. * * @return string The format string. */ public function getDateTimeTzFormatString() { return 'Y-m-d H:i:s'; } /** * Gets the format string, as accepted by the date() function, that describes * the format of a stored date value of this platform. * * @return string The format string. */ public function getDateFormatString() { return 'Y-m-d'; } /** * Gets the format string, as accepted by the date() function, that describes * the format of a stored time value of this platform. * * @return string The format string. */ public function getTimeFormatString() { return 'H:i:s'; } /** * Adds an driver-specific LIMIT clause to the query. * * @param string $query * @param int|null $limit * @param int|null $offset * * @return string * * @throws Exception */ final public function modifyLimitQuery($query, $limit, $offset = null) { if ($limit !== null) { $limit = (int) $limit; } $offset = (int) $offset; if ($offset < 0) { throw new Exception(sprintf( 'Offset must be a positive integer or zero, %d given', $offset )); } if ($offset > 0 && ! $this->supportsLimitOffset()) { throw new Exception(sprintf( 'Platform %s does not support offset values in limit queries.', $this->getName() )); } return $this->doModifyLimitQuery($query, $limit, $offset); } /** * Adds an platform-specific LIMIT clause to the query. * * @param string $query * @param int|null $limit * @param int|null $offset * * @return string */ protected function doModifyLimitQuery($query, $limit, $offset) { if ($limit !== null) { $query .= ' LIMIT ' . $limit; } if ($offset > 0) { $query .= ' OFFSET ' . $offset; } return $query; } /** * Whether the database platform support offsets in modify limit clauses. * * @return bool */ public function supportsLimitOffset() { return true; } /** * Gets the character casing of a column in an SQL result set of this platform. * * @deprecated * * @param string $column The column name for which to get the correct character casing. * * @return string The column name in the character casing used in SQL result sets. */ public function getSQLResultCasing($column) { Deprecation::trigger( 'doctrine/dbal', 'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4229', 'AbstractPlatform::getSQLResultCasing is deprecated without replacement and removed in DBAL 3.' . 'Use Portability\Connection with PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE to get portable result cases.' ); return $column; } /** * Makes any fixes to a name of a schema element (table, sequence, ...) that are required * by restrictions of the platform, like a maximum length. * * @deprecated * * @param string $schemaElementName * * @return string */ public function fixSchemaElementName($schemaElementName) { Deprecation::trigger( 'doctrine/dbal', 'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4132', 'AbstractPlatform::fixSchemaElementName is deprecated with no replacement and removed in DBAL 3.0' ); return $schemaElementName; } /** * Maximum length of any given database identifier, like tables or column names. * * @return int */ public function getMaxIdentifierLength() { return 63; } /** * Returns the insert SQL for an empty insert statement. * * @param string $quotedTableName * @param string $quotedIdentifierColumnName * * @return string */ public function getEmptyIdentityInsertSQL($quotedTableName, $quotedIdentifierColumnName) { return 'INSERT INTO ' . $quotedTableName . ' (' . $quotedIdentifierColumnName . ') VALUES (null)'; } /** * Generates a Truncate Table SQL statement for a given table. * * Cascade is not supported on many platforms but would optionally cascade the truncate by * following the foreign keys. * * @param string $tableName * @param bool $cascade * * @return string */ public function getTruncateTableSQL($tableName, $cascade = false) { $tableIdentifier = new Identifier($tableName); return 'TRUNCATE ' . $tableIdentifier->getQuotedName($this); } /** * This is for test reasons, many vendors have special requirements for dummy statements. * * @return string */ public function getDummySelectSQL() { $expression = func_num_args() > 0 ? func_get_arg(0) : '1'; return sprintf('SELECT %s', $expression); } /** * Returns the SQL to create a new savepoint. * * @param string $savepoint * * @return string */ public function createSavePoint($savepoint) { return 'SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint; } /** * Returns the SQL to release a savepoint. * * @param string $savepoint * * @return string */ public function releaseSavePoint($savepoint) { return 'RELEASE SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint; } /** * Returns the SQL to rollback a savepoint. * * @param string $savepoint * * @return string */ public function rollbackSavePoint($savepoint) { return 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint; } /** * Returns the keyword list instance of this platform. * * @return KeywordList * * @throws Exception If no keyword list is specified. */ final public function getReservedKeywordsList() { // Check for an existing instantiation of the keywords class. if ($this->_keywords) { return $this->_keywords; } $class = $this->getReservedKeywordsClass(); $keywords = new $class(); if (! $keywords instanceof KeywordList) { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } // Store the instance so it doesn't need to be generated on every request. $this->_keywords = $keywords; return $keywords; } /** * Returns the class name of the reserved keywords list. * * @return string * @psalm-return class-string<KeywordList> * * @throws Exception If not supported on this platform. */ protected function getReservedKeywordsClass() { throw Exception::notSupported(__METHOD__); } /** * Quotes a literal string. * This method is NOT meant to fix SQL injections! * It is only meant to escape this platform's string literal * quote character inside the given literal string. * * @param string $str The literal string to be quoted. * * @return string The quoted literal string. */ public function quoteStringLiteral($str) { $c = $this->getStringLiteralQuoteCharacter(); return $c . str_replace($c, $c . $c, $str) . $c; } /** * Gets the character used for string literal quoting. * * @return string */ public function getStringLiteralQuoteCharacter() { return "'"; } /** * Escapes metacharacters in a string intended to be used with a LIKE * operator. * * @param string $inputString a literal, unquoted string * @param string $escapeChar should be reused by the caller in the LIKE * expression. */ final public function escapeStringForLike(string $inputString, string $escapeChar): string { return preg_replace( '~([' . preg_quote($this->getLikeWildcardCharacters() . $escapeChar, '~') . '])~u', addcslashes($escapeChar, '\\') . '$1', $inputString ); } protected function getLikeWildcardCharacters(): string { return '%_'; } }

Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.

Riesgos de una mala higiene

Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
Mal aliento (halitosis).
Sarro perros
Puede ir a más
Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

Riesgos de una mala higiene

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Ultrasonido para perros

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Conclusión

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