Current File : //var/www/prestashop/src/PrestaShopBundle/Install/XmlLoader.php
<?php
/**
 * Copyright since 2007 PrestaShop SA and Contributors
 * PrestaShop is an International Registered Trademark & Property of PrestaShop SA
 *
 * NOTICE OF LICENSE
 *
 * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
 * that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.md.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * https://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to license@prestashop.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * DISCLAIMER
 *
 * Do not edit or add to this file if you wish to upgrade PrestaShop to newer
 * versions in the future. If you wish to customize PrestaShop for your
 * needs please refer to https://devdocs.prestashop.com/ for more information.
 *
 * @author    PrestaShop SA and Contributors <contact@prestashop.com>
 * @copyright Since 2007 PrestaShop SA and Contributors
 * @license   https://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
 */

namespace PrestaShopBundle\Install;

use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Db;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\DbQuery;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Image;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\ImageManager;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\ImageType;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Pack;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Shop;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\StockAvailable;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Tag;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Adapter\Entity\Tools;
use PrestaShop\PrestaShop\Core\Foundation\Filesystem\FileSystem;
use PrestaShopBundle\Install\EntityLoader\FileLoader;
use PrestaShopDatabaseException;
use PrestashopInstallerException;
use SimpleXMLElement;

class XmlLoader
{
    /**
     * @var LanguageList
     */
    protected $language;

    /**
     * @var \Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Translation\Translator
     */
    protected $translator;

    /**
     * @var array List of languages stored as array(id_lang => iso)
     */
    protected $languages = [];

    /**
     * @var array List of errors
     */
    protected $errors = [];

    protected $data_path;
    protected $lang_path;
    protected $img_path;
    public $path_type;

    protected $ids = [];

    protected $primaries = [];

    protected $delayed_inserts = [];

    /**
     * @var FileLoader
     */
    private $fileLoader;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->language = LanguageList::getInstance();
        $this->setDefaultPath();
    }

    /**
     * Set list of installed languages.
     *
     * @param array $languages array(id_lang => iso)
     */
    public function setLanguages(array $languages)
    {
        $this->languages = $languages;
    }

    public function setTranslator($translator)
    {
        $this->translator = $translator;

        return $translator;
    }

    public function setDefaultPath()
    {
        $this->path_type = 'common';
        $this->data_path = _PS_INSTALL_DATA_PATH_ . 'xml/';
        $this->lang_path = _PS_INSTALL_LANGS_PATH_;
        $this->img_path = _PS_INSTALL_DATA_PATH_ . 'img/';
        $this->fileLoader = new FileLoader($this->data_path, $this->lang_path);
    }

    public function setFixturesPath($path = null)
    {
        if ($path === null) {
            $path = _PS_INSTALL_FIXTURES_PATH_ . 'fashion/';
        }

        $this->path_type = 'fixture';
        $this->data_path = $path . 'data/';
        $this->lang_path = $path . 'langs/';
        $this->img_path = $path . 'img/';
        $this->fileLoader = new FileLoader($this->data_path, $this->lang_path);
    }

    /**
     * Get list of errors.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getErrors()
    {
        return $this->errors;
    }

    /**
     * Add an error.
     *
     * @param string $error
     */
    public function setError($error)
    {
        $this->errors[] = $error;
    }

    /**
     * Store an ID related to an entity and its identifier (E.g. we want to save that product with ID "ipod_nano" has the ID 1).
     *
     * @param string $entity
     * @param string $identifier
     * @param int $id
     */
    public function storeId($entity, $identifier, $id)
    {
        $this->ids[$entity . ':' . $identifier] = $id;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve an ID related to an entity and its identifier.
     *
     * @param string $entity
     * @param string $identifier
     */
    public function retrieveId($entity, $identifier)
    {
        return isset($this->ids[$entity . ':' . $identifier]) ? $this->ids[$entity . ':' . $identifier] : 0;
    }

    public function getIds()
    {
        return $this->ids;
    }

    public function setIds($ids)
    {
        $this->ids = $ids;
    }

    /**
     * @return string[] Entity names
     *
     * @throws PrestashopInstallerException
     */
    public function getSortedEntities()
    {
        // Browse all XML files from data/xml directory
        $entities = [];
        $dependencies = [];
        foreach (scandir($this->data_path) as $file) {
            if (preg_match('#^(.+)\.xml$#', $file, $m)) {
                $entity = $m[1];
                $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);

                // Store entities dependencies (with field type="relation")
                if ($xml instanceof \SimpleXMLElement && isset($xml->fields, $xml->fields->field)) {
                    foreach ($xml->fields->field as $field) {
                        if ($field['relation'] && $field['relation'] != $entity) {
                            if (!isset($dependencies[(string) $field['relation']])) {
                                $dependencies[(string) $field['relation']] = [];
                            }
                            $dependencies[(string) $field['relation']][] = $entity;
                        }
                    }
                }
                $entities[] = $entity;
            }
        }

        // Sort entities to populate database in good order (E.g. zones before countries)
        do {
            $current = (isset($sort_entities)) ? $sort_entities : [];
            $sort_entities = [];
            foreach ($entities as $key => $entity) {
                if (isset($dependencies[$entity])) {
                    $min = count($entities) - 1;
                    foreach ($dependencies[$entity] as $item) {
                        if (($key = array_search($item, $sort_entities)) !== false) {
                            $min = min($min, $key);
                        }
                    }
                    if ($min == 0) {
                        array_unshift($sort_entities, $entity);
                    } else {
                        array_splice($sort_entities, $min, 0, [$entity]);
                    }
                } else {
                    $sort_entities[] = $entity;
                }
            }
            $entities = $sort_entities;
        } while ($current != $sort_entities);

        return $sort_entities;
    }

    /**
     * Read all XML files from data folder and populate tables.
     *
     * @throws PrestashopInstallerException
     */
    public function populateFromXmlFiles()
    {
        $entities = $this->getSortedEntities();

        // Populate entities
        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
            $this->populateEntity($entity);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Populate an entity.
     *
     * @param string $entity Entity name to populate
     *
     * @throws PrestashopInstallerException
     */
    public function populateEntity($entity)
    {
        $populateEntityMethod = 'populateEntity' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity);
        if (method_exists($this, $populateEntityMethod)) {
            $this->$populateEntityMethod();

            return;
        }

        if (substr($entity, 0, 1) == '.' || substr($entity, 0, 1) == '_') {
            return;
        }

        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);

        // Read list of fields
        if (!$xml instanceof \SimpleXMLElement && !empty($xml->fields)) {
            throw new PrestashopInstallerException('List of fields not found for entity ' . $entity);
        }

        $is_multi_lang_entity = $this->isMultilang($entity);
        $xml_langs = $multilang_columns = [];
        $default_lang = null;

        if ($is_multi_lang_entity) {
            $multilang_columns = $this->getColumns($entity, true);
            foreach ($this->languages as $id_lang => $iso) {
                if ($iso == $this->language->getLanguageIso()) {
                    $default_lang = $id_lang;
                }

                try {
                    $xml_langs[$id_lang] = $this->fileLoader->load($entity, $iso);
                } catch (PrestashopInstallerException $e) {
                    $xml_langs[$id_lang] = null;
                }
            }
        }

        // Load all row for current entity and prepare data to be populated
        $i = 0;
        foreach ($xml->entities->$entity as $node) {
            $data = [];
            $identifier = (string) $node['id'];

            // Read attributes
            foreach ($node->attributes() as $k => $v) {
                if ($k != 'id') {
                    $data[$k] = (string) $v;
                }
            }

            // Read cdatas
            foreach ($node->children() as $child) {
                $data[$child->getName()] = (string) $child;
            }

            // Load multilang data
            $data_lang = [];
            if ($is_multi_lang_entity) {
                $xpath_query = $entity . '[@id="' . $identifier . '"]';
                foreach ($xml_langs as $id_lang => $xml_lang) {
                    if (!$xml_lang) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (($node_lang = $xml_lang->xpath($xpath_query)) || ($node_lang = $xml_langs[$default_lang]->xpath($xpath_query))) {
                        $node_lang = $node_lang[0];
                        foreach ($multilang_columns as $column => $is_text) {
                            $value = '';
                            if ($node_lang[$column]) {
                                $value = (string) $node_lang[$column];
                            }

                            if ($node_lang->$column) {
                                $value = (string) $node_lang->$column;
                            }
                            $data_lang[$column][$id_lang] = $value;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $data = $this->rewriteRelationedData($entity, $data);
            $createEntityMethod = 'createEntity' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity);
            if (method_exists($this, $createEntityMethod)) {
                // Create entity with custom method in current class
                $this->$createEntityMethod($identifier, $data, $data_lang);
            } else {
                $this->createEntity($entity, $identifier, (string) $xml->fields['class'], $data, $data_lang);
            }

            if ($xml->fields['image']) {
                $copyImagesMethod = 'copyImages' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity);
                if (method_exists($this, $copyImagesMethod)) {
                    $this->{$copyImagesMethod}($identifier, $data);
                } else {
                    $this->copyImages($entity, $identifier, (string) $xml->fields['image'], $data);
                }
            }
            ++$i;

            if ($i >= 100) {
                $this->flushDelayedInserts();
                $i = 0;
            }
        }

        $this->flushDelayedInserts();
        $this->fileLoader->flushCache($entity);
    }

    protected function getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso)
    {
        return file_exists($this->lang_path . $iso . '/data/') ? $iso : 'en';
    }

    protected function getFallBackToDefaultEntityLanguage($iso, $entity)
    {
        if ($this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso) === 'en') {
            return 'en';
        }

        return file_exists($this->lang_path . $this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso) . '/data/' . $entity . '.xml') ? $iso : 'en';
    }

    /**
     * Special case for "country" entity.
     */
    public function populateEntityCountry()
    {
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load('country');

        // Read list of fields
        if (empty($xml->fields)) {
            throw new PrestashopInstallerException('List of fields not found for entity country');
        }
        $langs = [];
        $languageList = LanguageList::getInstance();
        foreach ($this->languages as $id_lang => $iso) {
            $langs[$id_lang] = $languageList->getCountriesByLanguage($iso);
        }

        // Load all row for current entity and prepare data to be populated
        $i = 0;
        if ($xml->entities->country instanceof SimpleXMLElement) {
            foreach ($xml->entities->country as $node) {
                $data = [];

                // Read attributes
                $identifier = '';
                foreach ($node->attributes() as $k => $v) {
                    if ($k == 'id') {
                        $identifier = (string) $v;
                        continue;
                    }
                    $data[$k] = (string) $v;
                }

                // Load multilang data
                $data_lang = [];
                foreach ($langs as $id_lang => $countries) {
                    $data_lang['name'][$id_lang] = $countries[strtolower($identifier)] ?? '';
                }

                $data = $this->rewriteRelationedData('country', $data);
                $this->createEntity('country', $identifier, (string) $xml->fields['class'], $data, $data_lang);
                ++$i;

                if ($i >= 100) {
                    $this->flushDelayedInserts();
                    $i = 0;
                }
            }
        }

        $this->flushDelayedInserts();
    }

    /**
     * Special case for "tag" entity.
     */
    public function populateEntityTag()
    {
        foreach ($this->languages as $id_lang => $iso) {
            if (!file_exists($this->lang_path . $this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso) . '/data/tag.xml')) {
                continue;
            }

            $xml = $this->fileLoader->load('tag', $this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso));
            $tags = [];
            foreach ($xml->tag as $tag_node) {
                $products = trim((string) $tag_node['products']);
                if (!$products) {
                    continue;
                }

                foreach (explode(',', $products) as $product) {
                    $product = trim($product);
                    $product_id = $this->retrieveId('product', $product);
                    if (!isset($tags[$product_id])) {
                        $tags[$product_id] = [];
                    }
                    $tags[$product_id][] = trim((string) $tag_node['name']);
                }
            }

            foreach ($tags as $id_product => $tag_list) {
                Tag::addTags($id_lang, $id_product, $tag_list);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check fields related to an other entity, and replace their values by the ID created by the other entity.
     *
     * @param string $entity
     * @param array $data
     */
    protected function rewriteRelationedData($entity, array $data)
    {
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);
        foreach ($xml->fields->field as $field) {
            if ($field['relation']) {
                $id = $this->retrieveId((string) $field['relation'], $data[(string) $field['name']]);
                if (!$id && $data[(string) $field['name']] && is_numeric($data[(string) $field['name']])) {
                    $id = $data[(string) $field['name']];
                }
                $data[(string) $field['name']] = $id;
            }
        }

        return $data;
    }

    public function flushDelayedInserts()
    {
        foreach ($this->delayed_inserts as $entity => $queries) {
            $type = Db::INSERT_IGNORE;
            if ($entity == 'access') {
                $type = Db::REPLACE;
            }

            if (!Db::getInstance()->insert($entity, $queries, false, true, $type)) {
                $this->setError($this->translator->trans('An SQL error occurred for entity <i>%entity%</i>: <i>%message%</i>', ['%entity%' => $entity, '%message%' => Db::getInstance()->getMsgError()], 'Install'));
            }
            unset($this->delayed_inserts[$entity]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a simple entity with all its data and lang data
     * If a methode createEntity$entity exists, use it. Else if $classname is given, use it. Else do a simple insert in database.
     *
     * @param string $entity
     * @param string $identifier
     * @param string $classname
     * @param array $data
     * @param array $data_lang
     */
    public function createEntity($entity, $identifier, $classname, array $data, array $data_lang = [])
    {
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);
        if ($classname) {
            $classname = '\\' . $classname;
            // Create entity with ObjectModel class
            $object = new $classname();
            $object->hydrate($data);
            if ($data_lang) {
                $object->hydrate($data_lang);
            }
            $object->add(true, isset($xml->fields['null']));
            $entity_id = $object->id;
            unset($object);
        } else {
            // Generate primary key manually
            $primary = '';
            $entity_id = 0;
            if (!$xml->fields['primary']) {
                $primary = 'id_' . $entity;
            } elseif (strpos((string) $xml->fields['primary'], ',') === false) {
                $primary = (string) $xml->fields['primary'];
            }
            unset($xml);

            if ($primary) {
                $entity_id = $this->generatePrimary($entity, $primary);
                $data[$primary] = $entity_id;
            }

            // Store INSERT queries in order to optimize install with grouped inserts
            $this->delayed_inserts[$entity][] = array_map('pSQL', $data);
            if ($data_lang) {
                $real_data_lang = [];
                foreach ($data_lang as $field => $list) {
                    foreach ($list as $id_lang => $value) {
                        $real_data_lang[$id_lang][$field] = $value;
                    }
                }

                foreach ($real_data_lang as $id_lang => $insert_data_lang) {
                    $insert_data_lang['id_' . $entity] = $entity_id;
                    $insert_data_lang['id_lang'] = $id_lang;
                    $this->delayed_inserts[$entity . '_lang'][] = array_map('pSQL', $insert_data_lang);
                }

                // Store INSERT queries for _shop associations
                $entity_asso = Shop::getAssoTable($entity);
                if ($entity_asso !== false && $entity_asso['type'] == 'shop') {
                    $this->delayed_inserts[$entity . '_shop'][] = [
                        'id_shop' => 1,
                        'id_' . $entity => $entity_id,
                    ];
                }
            }
        }

        $this->storeId($entity, $identifier, $entity_id);
    }

    public function createEntityAttribute($identifier, array $data, array $data_lang = [])
    {
        $this->createEntity('attribute', $identifier, 'ProductAttribute', $data, $data_lang);
    }

    public function createEntityConfiguration($identifier, array $data, array $data_lang)
    {
        if (Db::getInstance()->getValue('SELECT id_configuration FROM ' . _DB_PREFIX_ . 'configuration WHERE name = \'' . pSQL($data['name']) . '\'')) {
            return;
        }

        $entity = 'configuration';
        $entity_id = $this->generatePrimary($entity, 'id_configuration');
        $data['id_configuration'] = $entity_id;

        // Store INSERT queries in order to optimize install with grouped inserts
        $this->delayed_inserts[$entity][] = array_map('pSQL', $data);
        if ($data_lang) {
            $real_data_lang = [];
            foreach ($data_lang as $field => $list) {
                foreach ($list as $id_lang => $value) {
                    $real_data_lang[$id_lang][$field] = $value;
                }
            }

            foreach ($real_data_lang as $id_lang => $insert_data_lang) {
                $insert_data_lang['id_' . $entity] = $entity_id;
                $insert_data_lang['id_lang'] = $id_lang;
                $this->delayed_inserts[$entity . '_lang'][] = array_map('pSQL', $insert_data_lang);
            }
        }

        $this->storeId($entity, $identifier, $entity_id);
    }

    /**
     * @param string $identifier
     * @param array $data
     * @param array $data_lang
     *
     * @return $this
     *
     * @throws PrestaShopDatabaseException
     */
    public function createEntityPack($identifier, array $data, array $data_lang)
    {
        Pack::addItem($data['id_product_pack'], $data['id_product_item'], $data['quantity']);

        return $this;
    }

    public function createEntityStockAvailable($identifier, array $data, array $data_lang)
    {
        $stock_available = new StockAvailable();
        $stock_available->updateQuantity($data['id_product'], $data['id_product_attribute'], $data['quantity'], $data['id_shop']);
    }

    /**
     * Called from self::populateEntity
     *
     * @param string $identifier Tab id
     * @param array $data Attributes + children of tab element
     * @param array $data_lang Translated attributes
     *
     * @throws PrestashopInstallerException
     */
    public function createEntityTab($identifier, array $data, array $data_lang)
    {
        static $position = [];

        $entity = 'tab';
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);

        if (!isset($position[$data['id_parent']])) {
            $position[$data['id_parent']] = 0;
        }
        $data['position'] = $position[$data['id_parent']]++;
        $data['icon'] = $data['icon'] ?? '';
        $data['wording'] = $data['wording'] ?? '';
        $data['wording_domain'] = $data['wording_domain'] ?? '';
        $data['route_name'] = $data['route_name'] ?? '';

        // Generate primary key manually
        if (!$xml->fields['primary']) {
            $primary = 'id_' . $entity;
        } elseif (strpos((string) $xml->fields['primary'], ',') === false) {
            $primary = (string) $xml->fields['primary'];
        } else {
            $primary = '';
        }

        if ($primary) {
            $entity_id = $this->generatePrimary($entity, $primary);
            $data[$primary] = $entity_id;
        } else {
            $entity_id = 0;
        }

        // Make sure data are correctly ordered because some attributes are optional
        // and Db::insert needs to have all data keys in the same order when using multiple insert
        ksort($data);

        // Store INSERT queries in order to optimize install with grouped inserts
        $this->delayed_inserts[$entity][] = array_map('pSQL', $data);
        if ($data_lang) {
            $real_data_lang = [];
            foreach ($data_lang as $field => $list) {
                foreach ($list as $id_lang => $value) {
                    $real_data_lang[$id_lang][$field] = $value;
                }
            }

            foreach ($real_data_lang as $id_lang => $insert_data_lang) {
                $insert_data_lang['id_' . $entity] = $entity_id;
                $insert_data_lang['id_lang'] = $id_lang;
                $this->delayed_inserts[$entity . '_lang'][] = array_map('pSQL', $insert_data_lang);
            }
        }

        $this->storeId($entity, $identifier, $entity_id);
    }

    public function generatePrimary($entity, $primary)
    {
        if (!isset($this->primaries[$entity])) {
            $entity = Db::getInstance()->escape($entity, false, true);
            $primary = Db::getInstance()->escape($primary, false, true);
            $this->primaries[$entity] = (int) Db::getInstance()->getValue(
                'SELECT ' . $primary . ' FROM `' . _DB_PREFIX_ . $entity . '` ORDER BY `' . $primary . '` DESC'
            );
        }

        return ++$this->primaries[$entity];
    }

    public function copyImages($entity, $identifier, $path, array $data, $extension = 'jpg')
    {
        // Get list of image types
        $reference = [
            'product' => 'products',
            'category' => 'categories',
            'manufacturer' => 'manufacturers',
            'supplier' => 'suppliers',
            'store' => 'stores',
        ];

        $types = [];
        if (isset($reference[$entity])) {
            $types = ImageType::getImagesTypes($reference[$entity]);
        }

        // For each path copy images
        $path = array_map('trim', explode(',', $path));
        foreach ($path as $p) {
            $from_path = $this->img_path . $p . '/';
            $dst_path = _PS_IMG_DIR_ . $p . '/';
            $entity_id = $this->retrieveId($entity, $identifier);

            if (!@copy($from_path . $identifier . '.' . $extension, $dst_path . $entity_id . '.' . $extension)) {
                $this->setError(
                    $this->translator->trans(
                        'Cannot create image "%identifier%" for entity "%entity%"',
                        ['%entity%' => $entity, '%identifier%' => $identifier],
                        'Install'
                    )
                );

                return;
            }

            foreach ($types as $type) {
                $origin_file = $from_path . $identifier . '-' . $type['name'] . '.' . $extension;
                $target_file = $dst_path . $entity_id . '-' . $type['name'] . '.' . $extension;

                // Test if dest folder is writable
                if (!is_writable(dirname($target_file))) {
                    $this->setError(
                        $this->translator->trans(
                            'Cannot create image "%identifier%" (bad permissions on folder "%folder%")',
                            ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name'], '%folder%' => dirname($target_file)],
                            'Install'
                        )
                    );
                } elseif (file_exists($origin_file)) {
                    // If a file named folder/entity-type.extension exists just copy it
                    // this is an optimisation in order to prevent to much resize
                    if (!@copy($origin_file, $target_file)) {
                        $this->setError(
                            $this->translator->trans(
                                'Cannot create image "%identifier%"',
                                ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name']],
                                'Install'
                            )
                        );
                    }
                    @chmod($target_file, FileSystem::DEFAULT_MODE_FILE);
                } elseif (!ImageManager::resize(
                    $from_path . $identifier . '.' . $extension,
                    $target_file,
                    $type['width'],
                    $type['height']
                )) {
                    // Resize the image if no cache was prepared in fixtures
                    $this->setError(
                        $this->translator->trans(
                            'Cannot create image "%identifier%" for entity "%entity%"',
                            ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name'], '%entity%' => $entity],
                            'Install'
                        )
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        Image::moveToNewFileSystem();
    }

    public function copyImagesOrderState($identifier, array $data)
    {
        $this->copyImages('order_state', $identifier, 'os', $data, 'gif');
    }

    public function copyImagesTab($identifier, array $data)
    {
        $from_path = $this->img_path . 't/';
        $dst_path = _PS_IMG_DIR_ . 't/';
        if (file_exists($from_path . $data['class_name'] . '.gif') && !file_exists($dst_path . $data['class_name'] . '.gif')) {
            //test if file exist in install dir and if do not exist in dest folder.
            if (!@copy($from_path . $data['class_name'] . '.gif', $dst_path . $data['class_name'] . '.gif')) {
                $this->setError($this->translator->trans('Cannot create image "%identifier%" for entity "%entity%"', ['%identifier%' => $identifier, '%tab%' => 'tab'], 'Install'));

                return;
            }
        }
    }

    public function copyImagesImage($identifier)
    {
        $path = $this->img_path . 'p/';
        $image = new Image($this->retrieveId('image', $identifier));
        $dst_path = $image->getPathForCreation();
        if (!@copy($path . $identifier . '.jpg', $dst_path . '.' . $image->image_format)) {
            $this->setError(
                $this->translator->trans(
                    'Cannot create image "%identifier%" for entity "%entity%"',
                    ['%identifier%' => $identifier, '%entity%' => 'product'],
                    'Install'
                )
            );

            return;
        }
        @chmod($dst_path . '.' . $image->image_format, FileSystem::DEFAULT_MODE_FILE);

        $types = ImageType::getImagesTypes('products');
        foreach ($types as $type) {
            $origin_file = $path . $identifier . '-' . $type['name'] . '.jpg';
            $target_file = $dst_path . '-' . $type['name'] . '.' . $image->image_format;

            // Test if dest folder is writable
            if (!is_writable(dirname($target_file))) {
                $this->setError(
                    $this->translator->trans(
                        'Cannot create image "%identifier%" (bad permissions on folder "%folder%")',
                        ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name'], '%folder%' => dirname($target_file)],
                        'Install'
                    )
                );
            } elseif (file_exists($origin_file)) {
                // If a file named folder/entity-type.jpg exists just copy it
                // this is an optimisation in order to prevent to much resize
                if (!@copy($origin_file, $target_file)) {
                    $this->setError(
                        $this->translator->trans(
                            'Cannot create image "%1$s" for entity "%2$s"',
                            ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name'], '%entity%' => 'product'],
                            'Install'
                        )
                    );
                }
                @chmod($target_file, FileSystem::DEFAULT_MODE_FILE);
            } elseif (!ImageManager::resize($path . $identifier . '.jpg', $target_file, $type['width'], $type['height'])) {
                // Resize the image if no cache was prepared in fixtures
                $this->setError(
                    $this->translator->trans(
                        'Cannot create image "%identifier%" for entity "%entity%"',
                        ['%identifier%' => $identifier . '-' . $type['name'], '%entity%' => 'product'],
                        'Install'
                    )
                );
            }
        }
    }

    public function getTables()
    {
        static $tables = null;

        if (null === $tables) {
            $tables = [];
            foreach (Db::getInstance()->executeS('SHOW TABLES') as $row) {
                $table = current($row);
                if (preg_match('#^' . _DB_PREFIX_ . '(.+?)(_lang)?$#i', $table, $m)) {
                    $tables[$m[1]] = (isset($m[2]) && $m[2]) ? true : false;
                }
            }
        }

        return $tables;
    }

    public function hasElements($table)
    {
        $table = Db::getInstance()->escape($table, false, true);

        return (bool) Db::getInstance()->getValue('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `' . _DB_PREFIX_ . $table . '`');
    }

    public function getColumns($table, $multilang = false, array $exclude = [])
    {
        static $columns = [];

        if ($multilang) {
            return ($this->isMultilang($table)) ? $this->getColumns($table . '_lang', false, ['id_' . $table]) : [];
        }

        if (!isset($columns[$table])) {
            $columns[$table] = [];
            $sql = 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM `' . _DB_PREFIX_ . bqSQL($table) . '`';
            foreach (Db::getInstance()->executeS($sql) as $row) {
                $columns[$table][$row['Field']] = $this->checkIfTypeIsText($row['Type']);
            }
        }

        $exclude = array_merge(['id_' . $table, 'date_add', 'date_upd', 'deleted', 'id_lang'], $exclude);

        $list = [];
        foreach ($columns[$table] as $k => $v) {
            if (!in_array($k, $exclude)) {
                $list[$k] = $v;
            }
        }

        return $list;
    }

    public function getClasses($path = null)
    {
        static $cache = null;

        if (null !== $cache) {
            return $cache;
        }

        $dir = $path;
        if (null === $dir) {
            $dir = _PS_CLASS_DIR_;
        }

        $classes = [];
        foreach (scandir($dir, SCANDIR_SORT_NONE) as $file) {
            if ($file[0] != '.' && $file != 'index.php') {
                if (is_dir($dir . $file)) {
                    $classes = array_merge($classes, $this->getClasses($dir . $file . '/'));
                } elseif (preg_match('#^(.+)\.php$#', $file, $m)) {
                    $classes[] = $m[1];
                }
            }
        }

        sort($classes);
        if (null === $path) {
            $cache = $classes;
        }

        return $classes;
    }

    public function checkIfTypeIsText($type)
    {
        if (preg_match('#^(longtext|text|tinytext)#i', $type)) {
            return true;
        }

        if (preg_match('#^varchar\(([0-9]+)\)$#i', $type, $m)) {
            return (int) ($m[1]) >= 64 ? true : false;
        }

        return false;
    }

    public function isMultilang($entity)
    {
        $tables = $this->getTables();

        return isset($tables[$entity]) && $tables[$entity];
    }

    public function entityExists($entity)
    {
        return file_exists($this->data_path . $entity . '.xml');
    }

    public function getEntitiesList()
    {
        $entities = [];
        foreach (scandir($this->data_path, SCANDIR_SORT_NONE) as $file) {
            if ($file[0] != '.' && preg_match('#^(.+)\.xml$#', $file, $m)) {
                $entities[] = $m[1];
            }
        }

        return $entities;
    }

    public function getEntityInfo($entity)
    {
        $info = [
            'config' => [
                'id' => '',
                'primary' => '',
                'class' => '',
                'sql' => '',
                'ordersql' => '',
                'image' => '',
                'null' => '',
            ],
            'fields' => [],
        ];

        if (!$this->entityExists($entity)) {
            return $info;
        }

        $xml = @simplexml_load_file($this->data_path . $entity . '.xml', 'SimplexmlElement');
        if (!$xml) {
            return $info;
        }

        if ($xml->fields['id']) {
            $info['config']['id'] = (string) $xml->fields['id'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['primary']) {
            $info['config']['primary'] = (string) $xml->fields['primary'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['class']) {
            $info['config']['class'] = (string) $xml->fields['class'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['sql']) {
            $info['config']['sql'] = (string) $xml->fields['sql'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['ordersql']) {
            $info['config']['ordersql'] = (string) $xml->fields['ordersql'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['null']) {
            $info['config']['null'] = (string) $xml->fields['null'];
        }

        if ($xml->fields['image']) {
            $info['config']['image'] = (string) $xml->fields['image'];
        }

        foreach ($xml->fields->field as $field) {
            $column = (string) $field['name'];
            $info['fields'][$column] = [];
            if (isset($field['relation'])) {
                $info['fields'][$column]['relation'] = (string) $field['relation'];
            }
        }

        return $info;
    }

    public function getDependencies()
    {
        $entities = [];
        foreach ($this->getEntitiesList() as $entity) {
            $entities[$entity] = $this->getEntityInfo($entity);
        }

        $dependencies = [];
        foreach ($entities as $entity => $info) {
            foreach ($info['fields'] as $field => $info_field) {
                if (isset($info_field['relation']) && $info_field['relation'] != $entity) {
                    if (!isset($dependencies[$info_field['relation']])) {
                        $dependencies[$info_field['relation']] = [];
                    }
                    $dependencies[$info_field['relation']][] = $entity;
                }
            }
        }

        return $dependencies;
    }

    public function generateEntitySchema($entity, array $fields, array $config)
    {
        if ($this->entityExists($entity)) {
            $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);
        } else {
            $xml = new SimplexmlElement('<entity_' . $entity . ' />');
        }
        unset($xml->fields);

        // Fill <fields> attributes (config)
        $xml_fields = $xml->addChild('fields');
        foreach ($config as $k => $v) {
            if ($v) {
                $xml_fields[$k] = $v;
            }
        }

        // Create list of fields
        foreach ($fields as $column => $info) {
            $field = $xml_fields->addChild('field');
            $field->name = $column;
            if (isset($info['relation'])) {
                $field->relation = $info['relation'];
            }
        }

        // Recreate entities nodes, in order to have the <entities> node after the <fields> node
        $store_entities = clone $xml->entities;
        unset($xml->entities);
        $xml->addChild('entities', $store_entities);

        $xml->asXML($this->data_path . $entity . '.xml');
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function generateAllEntityFiles()
    {
        $entities = [];
        foreach ($this->getEntitiesList() as $entity) {
            $entities[$entity] = $this->getEntityInfo($entity);
        }
        $this->generateEntityFiles($entities);
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function generateEntityFiles($entities)
    {
        $dependencies = $this->getDependencies();

        // Sort entities to populate database in good order (E.g. zones before countries)
        do {
            $current = (isset($sort_entities)) ? $sort_entities : [];
            $sort_entities = [];
            foreach ($entities as $entity) {
                if (isset($dependencies[$entity])) {
                    $min = count($entities) - 1;
                    foreach ($dependencies[$entity] as $item) {
                        if (($key = array_search($item, $sort_entities)) !== false) {
                            $min = min($min, $key);
                        }
                    }
                    if ($min == 0) {
                        array_unshift($sort_entities, $entity);
                    } else {
                        array_splice($sort_entities, $min, 0, [$entity]);
                    }
                } else {
                    $sort_entities[] = $entity;
                }
            }
            $entities = $sort_entities;
        } while ($current != $sort_entities);

        foreach ($sort_entities as $entity) {
            $this->generateEntityContent($entity);
        }
    }

    public function generateEntityContent($entity)
    {
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);
        if (method_exists($this, 'getEntityContents' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity))) {
            $content = $this->{'getEntityContents' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity)}($entity);
        } else {
            $content = $this->getEntityContents($entity);
        }

        unset($xml->entities);
        $entities = $xml->addChild('entities');
        $this->createXmlEntityNodes($entity, $content['nodes'], $entities);
        $xml->asXML($this->data_path . $entity . '.xml');

        // Generate multilang XML files
        if ($content['nodes_lang']) {
            foreach ($content['nodes_lang'] as $id_lang => $nodes) {
                if (!isset($this->languages[$id_lang])) {
                    continue;
                }

                $iso = $this->languages[$id_lang];
                if (!is_dir($this->lang_path . $this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso) . '/data')) {
                    mkdir($this->lang_path . $this->getFallBackToDefaultLanguage($iso) . '/data');
                }

                $xml_node = new SimplexmlElement('<entity_' . $entity . ' />');
                $this->createXmlEntityNodes($entity, $nodes, $xml_node);
                $xml_node->asXML($this->lang_path . $this->getFallBackToDefaultEntityLanguage($iso, $entity) . '/data/' . $entity . '.xml');
            }
        }

        if ($xml->fields['image']) {
            if (method_exists($this, 'backupImage' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity))) {
                $this->{'backupImage' . Tools::toCamelCase($entity)}((string) $xml->fields['image']);
            } else {
                $this->backupImage($entity, (string) $xml->fields['image']);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function getEntityContents($entity)
    {
        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load($entity);
        $primary = !empty($xml->fields['primary']) ? (string) $xml->fields['primary'] : 'id_' . $entity;
        $is_multilang = $this->isMultilang($entity);

        // Check if current table is an association table (if multiple primary keys)
        $is_association = false;
        if (strpos($primary, ',') !== false) {
            $is_association = true;
            $primary = array_map('trim', explode(',', $primary));
        }

        // Build query
        $sql = new DbQuery();
        $sql->select('a.*');
        $sql->from($entity, 'a');
        if ($is_multilang) {
            $sql->select('b.*');
            $sql->leftJoin($entity . '_lang', 'b', 'a.' . $primary . ' = b.' . $primary);
        }

        if (!empty($xml->fields['sql'])) {
            $sql->where((string) $xml->fields['sql']);
        }

        if (!$is_association) {
            $sql->select('a.' . $primary);
            if (empty($xml->fields['ordersql'])) {
                $sql->orderBy('a.' . $primary);
            }
        }

        if ($is_multilang && empty($xml->fields['ordersql'])) {
            $sql->orderBy('b.id_lang');
        }

        if (!empty($xml->fields['ordersql'])) {
            $sql->orderBy((string) $xml->fields['ordersql']);
        }

        // Get multilang columns
        $alias_multilang = $multilang_columns = [];
        if ($is_multilang) {
            $columns = $this->getColumns($entity);
            $multilang_columns = $this->getColumns($entity, true);

            // If some columns from _lang table have same name than original table, rename them (E.g. value in configuration)
            foreach ($multilang_columns as $c => $is_text) {
                if (isset($columns[$c])) {
                    $alias = $c . '_alias';
                    $alias_multilang[$c] = $alias;
                    $sql->select('a.' . $c . ' as ' . $c . ', b.' . $c . ' as ' . $alias);
                }
            }
        }

        // Get all results
        $nodes = $nodes_lang = [];
        $results = Db::getInstance()->executeS($sql);
        if (Db::getInstance()->getNumberError()) {
            $this->setError($this->translator->trans('SQL error on query <i>%query%</i>', ['%sql%' => $sql], 'Install'));
        } else {
            foreach ($results as $row) {
                // Store common columns
                if ($is_association) {
                    $id = $entity;
                    foreach ($primary as $key) {
                        $id .= '_' . $row[$key];
                    }
                } else {
                    $id = $this->generateId($entity, $row[$primary], $row, (!empty($xml->fields['id'])) ? (string) $xml->fields['id'] : null);
                }

                if (!isset($nodes[$id])) {
                    $node = [];
                    foreach ($xml->fields->field as $field) {
                        $column = (string) $field['name'];
                        if (isset($field['relation'])) {
                            $sql = 'SELECT `id_' . bqSQL($field['relation']) . '`
									FROM `' . bqSQL(_DB_PREFIX_ . $field['relation']) . '`
									WHERE `id_' . bqSQL($field['relation']) . '` = ' . (int) $row[$column];
                            $node[$column] = $this->generateId((string) $field['relation'], Db::getInstance()->getValue($sql));

                            // A little trick to allow storage of some hard values, like '-1' for tab.id_parent
                            if (!$node[$column] && $row[$column]) {
                                $node[$column] = $row[$column];
                            }
                        } else {
                            $node[$column] = $row[$column];
                        }
                    }
                    $nodes[$id] = $node;
                }

                // Store multilang columns
                if ($is_multilang && $row['id_lang']) {
                    $node = [];
                    foreach ($multilang_columns as $column => $is_text) {
                        $node[$column] = $row[isset($alias_multilang[$column]) ? $alias_multilang[$column] : $column];
                    }
                    $nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']][$id] = $node;
                }
            }
        }

        return [
            'nodes' => $nodes,
            'nodes_lang' => $nodes_lang,
        ];
    }

    public function getEntityContentsTag()
    {
        $nodes_lang = [];

        $sql = 'SELECT t.id_tag, t.id_lang, t.name, pt.id_product
				FROM ' . _DB_PREFIX_ . 'tag t
				LEFT JOIN ' . _DB_PREFIX_ . 'product_tag pt ON t.id_tag = pt.id_tag
				ORDER BY id_lang';
        foreach (Db::getInstance()->executeS($sql) as $row) {
            $identifier = $this->generateId('tag', $row['id_tag']);
            if (!isset($nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']])) {
                $nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']] = [];
            }

            if (!isset($nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']][$identifier])) {
                $nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']][$identifier] = [
                    'name' => $row['name'],
                    'products' => '',
                ];
            }

            $nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']][$identifier]['products'] .= (($nodes_lang[$row['id_lang']][$identifier]['products']) ? ',' : '') . $this->generateId('product', $row['id_product']);
        }

        return [
            'nodes' => [],
            'nodes_lang' => $nodes_lang,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function generateId($entity, $primary, array $row = [], $id_format = null)
    {
        static $ids = [];

        if (isset($ids[$entity][$primary])) {
            return $ids[$entity][$primary];
        }

        if (!isset($ids[$entity])) {
            $ids[$entity] = [];
        }

        if (!$primary) {
            return '';
        }

        if (!$id_format || !$row || !$row[$id_format]) {
            $ids[$entity][$primary] = $entity . '_' . $primary;
        } else {
            $value = $row[$id_format];
            $value = preg_replace('#[^a-z0-9_-]#i', '_', $value);
            $value = preg_replace('#_+#', '_', $value);
            $value = preg_replace('#^_+#', '', $value);
            $value = preg_replace('#_+$#', '', $value);

            $store_identifier = $value;
            $i = 1;
            while (in_array($store_identifier, $ids[$entity])) {
                $store_identifier = $value . '_' . $i++;
            }
            $ids[$entity][$primary] = $store_identifier;
        }

        return $ids[$entity][$primary];
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function createXmlEntityNodes($entity, array $nodes, SimpleXMLElement $entities)
    {
        $types = array_merge($this->getColumns($entity), $this->getColumns($entity, true));
        foreach ($nodes as $id => $node) {
            $entity_node = $entities->addChild($entity);
            $entity_node->id = $id;
            foreach ($node as $k => $v) {
                if (!empty($types[$k])) {
                    $entity_node->addChild($k, $v);
                } else {
                    $entity_node->{$k} = $v;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function backupImage($entity, $path)
    {
        $reference = [
            'product' => 'products',
            'category' => 'categories',
            'manufacturer' => 'manufacturers',
            'supplier' => 'suppliers',
            'store' => 'stores',
        ];

        $types = [];
        if (isset($reference[$entity])) {
            $types = [];
            foreach (ImageType::getImagesTypes($reference[$entity]) as $type) {
                $types[] = $type['name'];
            }
        }

        $path_list = array_map('trim', explode(',', $path));
        foreach ($path_list as $p) {
            $backup_path = $this->img_path . $p . '/';
            $from_path = _PS_IMG_DIR_ . $p . '/';

            if (!is_dir($backup_path) && !mkdir($backup_path)) {
                $this->setError(sprintf('Cannot create directory <i>%s</i>', $backup_path));
            }

            foreach (scandir($from_path, SCANDIR_SORT_NONE) as $file) {
                if ($file[0] != '.' && preg_match('#^(([0-9]+)(-(' . implode('|', $types) . '))?)\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$#i', $file, $m)) {
                    $file_id = $m[2];
                    $file_type = $m[3];
                    $file_extension = $m[5];
                    copy($from_path . $file, $backup_path . $this->generateId($entity, $file_id) . $file_type . '.' . $file_extension);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function backupImageImage()
    {
        $types = [];
        foreach (ImageType::getImagesTypes('products') as $type) {
            $types[] = $type['name'];
        }

        $backup_path = $this->img_path . 'p/';
        $from_path = _PS_PRODUCT_IMG_DIR_;
        if (!is_dir($backup_path) && !mkdir($backup_path)) {
            $this->setError(sprintf('Cannot create directory <i>%s</i>', $backup_path));
        }

        foreach (Image::getAllImages() as $image) {
            $image = new Image($image['id_image']);
            $image_path = $image->getExistingImgPath();
            if (file_exists($from_path . $image_path . '.' . $image->image_format)) {
                copy($from_path . $image_path . '.' . $image->image_format, $backup_path . $this->generateId('image', $image->id) . '.' . $image->image_format);
            }

            foreach ($types as $type) {
                if (file_exists($from_path . $image_path . '-' . $type . '.' . $image->image_format)) {
                    copy($from_path . $image_path . '-' . $type . '.' . $image->image_format, $backup_path . $this->generateId('image', $image->id) . '-' . $type . '.' . $image->image_format);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * ONLY FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSE.
     */
    public function backupImageTab()
    {
        $backup_path = $this->img_path . 't/';
        $from_path = _PS_IMG_DIR_ . 't/';
        if (!is_dir($backup_path) && !mkdir($backup_path)) {
            $this->setError(sprintf('Cannot create directory <i>%s</i>', $backup_path));
        }

        $xml = $this->fileLoader->load('tab');
        foreach ($xml->entities->tab as $tab) {
            if (file_exists($from_path . $tab->class_name . '.gif')) {
                copy($from_path . $tab->class_name . '.gif', $backup_path . $tab->class_name . '.gif');
            }
        }
    }
}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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