Current File : //var/www/prestashop/modules/psxdesign/vendor/jetbrains/phpstorm-stubs/rar/rar.php
<?php
/**
 * This class represents a RAR archive, which may be formed by several volumes (parts) and which contains a number of
 * RAR entries (i.e., files, directories and other special objects such as symbolic links).
 *
 * Objects of this class can be traversed, yielding the entries stored in the respective RAR archive.
 * Those entries can also be obtained through {@see \RarArchive::getEntry} and {@see \RarArchive::getEntries}.
 *
 * @link https://php.net/manual/en/class.rararchive.php
 */
final class RarArchive implements Traversable
{
    /**
     * Open RAR archive
     *
     * @param string $filename Path to the Rar archive
     * @param null|string $password A plain password, if needed to decrypt the headers. It will also be used by default if
     *      encrypted files are found. Note that the files may have different passwords in respect
     *      to the headers and among them
     * @param null|callable $volume_callback A function that receives one parameter – the path of the volume that was
     *      not found – and returns a string with the correct path for such volume or NULL if such volume does not
     *      exist or is not known. The programmer should ensure the passed function doesn't cause loops as this
     *      function is called repeatedly if the path returned in a previous call did not correspond to the needed
     *      volume. Specifying this parameter omits the notice that would otherwise be emitted whenever a volume is
     *      not found; an implementation that only returns NULL can therefore be used to merely omit such notices
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.open.php
     *
     * @return RarArchive|false the requested RarArchive instance or FALSE on failure.
     */
    public static function open($filename, $password = null, ?callable $volume_callback = null) {}

    /**
     * Close RAR archive and free all resources
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.close.php
     *
     * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure
     */
    public function close() {}

    /**
     * Get comment text from the RAR archive
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.getcomment.php
     *
     * @return string|null the comment or NULL if there is none
     */
    public function getComment() {}

    /**
     * Get full list of entries from the RAR archive
     *
     * @return RarEntry[]|false array of {@see RarEntry} objects or FALSE on failure
     */
    public function getEntries() {}

    /**
     * Get entry object from the RAR archive
     *
     * Get entry object (file or directory) from the RAR archive
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.getentry.php
     *
     * @param string $entryname Path to the entry within the RAR archive
     *
     * @return RarEntry|false the matching RarEntry object or FALSE on failure
     */
    public function getEntry($entryname) {}

    /**
     * Test whether an archive is broken (incomplete)
     *
     * This function determines whether an archive is incomplete, i.e., if a volume is missing or a volume is truncated.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.isbroken.php
     *
     * @return bool Returns TRUE if the archive is broken, FALSE otherwise. This function may also return FALSE if
     *         the passed file has already been closed. The only way to tell the two cases apart is to enable
     *         exceptions with {@see RarException::setUsingExceptions()}; however, this should be unnecessary as a program
     *         should not operate on closed files.
     */
    public function isBroken() {}

    /**
     * Check whether the RAR archive is solid
     *
     * Check whether the RAR archive is solid. Individual file extraction is slower on solid archives
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/enrararchive.issolid.php
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if the archive is solid, FALSE otherwise
     */
    public function isSolid() {}

    /**
     * Whether opening broken archives is allowed
     *
     * This method defines whether broken archives can be read or all the operations that attempt to extract the
     * archive entries will fail. Broken archives are archives for which no error is detected when the file is
     * opened but an error occurs when reading the entries.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rararchive.setallowbroken.php
     *
     * @param bool $allow_broken Whether to allow reading broken files (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
     *
     * @return bool TRUE или FALSE в случае возникновения ошибки. It will only fail if the file has already been closed
     */
    public function setAllowBroken($allow_broken) {}

    /**
     * Get text representation
     *
     * Provides a string representation for this RarArchive object. It currently shows the full path name of the
     * archive volume that was opened and whether the resource is valid or was already closed through a
     * call to {@see RarArchive::close()}.
     *
     * This method may be used only for debugging purposes, as there are no guarantees as to which information the
     * result contains or how it is formatted.
     *
     * @return string A textual representation of this RarArchive object. The content of this
     *          representation is unspecified.
     */
    public function __toString() {}
}
/**
 * A RAR entry, representing a directory or a compressed file inside a RAR archive
 *
 * @link https://php.net/manual/en/class.rarentry.php
 */
final class RarEntry
{
    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, MS-DOS was used to add this entry.
     * Use instead of {@see RAR_HOST_MSDOS}.
     */
    public const HOST_MSDOS = 0;

    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, OS/2 was used to add this entry.
     * Intended to replace {@see RAR_HOST_OS2}.
     */
    public const HOST_OS2 = 1;

    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, Microsoft Windows was used to add this entry.
     * Intended to replace {@see RAR_HOST_WIN32}
     */
    public const HOST_WIN32 = 2;

    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, an unspecified UNIX OS was used to add
     * this entry. Intended to replace {@see RAR_HOST_UNIX}.
     */
    public const HOST_UNIX = 3;

    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, Mac OS was used to add this entry.
     */
    public const HOST_MACOS = 4;

    /**
     * If the return value of {@see RarEntry::getHostOs()} equals this constant, BeOS was used to add this entry.
     * Intended to replace {@see RAR_HOST_BEOS}.
     */
    public const HOST_BEOS = 5;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a read-only attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_READONLY = 1;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a hidden attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_HIDDEN = 2;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a system attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_SYSTEM = 4;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a directory attribute (entry is a directory). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows. See also
     * {@see RarEntry::isDirectory()}, which also works with entries that were not added in WinRAR.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_DIRECTORY = 16;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with an archive attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_ARCHIVE = 32;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a device attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_DEVICE = 64;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a normal file attribute (entry is NOT a directory). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows. See also
     * {@see RarEntry::isDirectory()}, which also works with entries that were not added in WinRAR.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_NORMAL = 128;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a temporary attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on
     * entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_TEMPORARY = 256;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a sparse file attribute (file is an NTFS sparse file). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_SPARSE_FILE = 512;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a reparse point attribute (entry is an NTFS reparse point, e.g. a
     * directory junction or a mount file system). To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS
     * is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_REPARSE_POINT = 1024;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a compressed attribute (NTFS only). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_COMPRESSED = 2048;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with an offline attribute (entry is offline and not accessible). To be used
     * with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_OFFLINE = 4096;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a not content indexed attribute (entry is to be indexed). To be used
     * with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = 8192;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with an encrypted attribute (NTFS only). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_ENCRYPTED = 16384;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a Windows entry with a virtual attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()}
     * on entries whose host OS is Microsoft Windows.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_WIN_VIRTUAL = 65536;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is world executable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_WORLD_EXECUTE = 1;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is world writable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_WORLD_WRITE = 2;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is world readable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_WORLD_READ = 4;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is group executable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_GROUP_EXECUTE = 8;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is group writable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_GROUP_WRITE = 16;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is group readable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_GROUP_READ = 32;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is owner executable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_OWNER_EXECUTE = 64;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is owner writable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_OWNER_WRITE = 128;

    /**
     * Bit that represents a UNIX entry that is owner readable. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries
     * whose host OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_OWNER_READ = 256;

    /**
     * Bit that represents the UNIX sticky bit. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is
     * UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_STICKY = 512;

    /**
     * Bit that represents the UNIX setgid attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host
     * OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SETGID = 1024;

    /**
     * Bit that represents the UNIX setuid attribute. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host
     * OS is UNIX.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SETUID = 2048;

    /**
     * Mask to isolate the last four bits (nibble) of UNIX attributes (_S_IFMT, the type of file mask). To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constants
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FIFO}, {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_CHAR_DEV},
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_DIRECTORY}, {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_BLOCK_DEV},
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_REGULAR_FILE},
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SYM_LINK} and {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SOCKET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET = 61440;

    /**
     * Unix FIFOs will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with {@see RarEntry::getAttr()}
     * on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FIFO = 4096;

    /**
     * Unix character devices will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_CHAR_DEV = 8192;

    /**
     * Unix directories will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     *
     * See also {@see RarEntry::isDirectory()}, which also works with entries that were added in other operating
     * systems.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_DIRECTORY = 16384;

    /**
     * Unix block devices will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_BLOCK_DEV = 24576;

    /**
     * Unix regular files (not directories) will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}. See also {@see RarEntry::isDirectory()}, which also works with
     * entries that were added in other operating systems.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_REGULAR_FILE = 32768;

    /**
     * Unix symbolic links will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SYM_LINK = 40960;

    /**
     * Unix sockets will have attributes whose last four bits have this value. To be used with
     * {@see RarEntry::getAttr()} on entries whose host OS is UNIX and with the constant
     * {@see RarEntry::ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_FINAL_QUARTET}.
     */
    public const ATTRIBUTE_UNIX_SOCKET = 49152;

    /**
     * Extract entry from the archive
     *
     * extracts the entry's data. It will create new file in the specified dir with the name identical to the entry's
     * name, unless the second argument is specified.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.extract.php
     *
     * @param string $dir Path to the directory where files should be extracted. This parameter is considered if and
     *      only if filepath is not. If both parameters are empty an extraction to the current directory
     *      will be attempted.
     * @param string $filepath Path (relative or absolute) containing the directory and filename of the extracted file.
     *      This parameter overrides both the parameter dir and the original file name.
     * @param string $password The password used to encrypt this entry. If the entry is not encrypted, this value will
     *      not be used and can be omitted. If this parameter is omitted and the entry is encrypted, the password
     *      given to rar_open(), if any, will be used. If a wrong password is given, either explicitly or implicitly
     *      via rar_open(), CRC checking will fail and this method will fail and return FALSE. If no password is given
     *      and one is required, this method will fail and return FALSE. You can check whether an entry is encrypted
     *      with {@see RarEntry::isEncrypted()}.
     * @param bool $extended_data If TRUE, extended information such as NTFS ACLs and Unix owner information will be
     *      set in the extract files, as long as it's present in the archive.
     *
     * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure
     */
    public function extract($dir, $filepath = "", $password = null, $extended_data = false) {}

    /**
     * Get attributes of the entry
     *
     * Returns the OS-dependent attributes of the archive entry
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getattr.php
     *
     * @return int|false the attributes or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getAttr() {}

    /**
     * Get CRC of the entry
     *
     * Returns an hexadecimal string representation of the CRC of the archive entry.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getcrc.php
     *
     * @return string|false the CRC of the archive entry or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getCrc() {}

    /**
     * Get entry last modification time
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getfiletime.php
     *
     * @return string|false entry last modification time as string in format YYYY-MM-DD HH:II:SS, or FALSE on errors
     */
    public function getFileTime() {}

    /**
     * Get entry host OS
     *
     * Returns the code of the host OS of the archive entry
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.gethostos.php
     *
     * @return int|false the code of the host OS, or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getHostOs() {}

    /**
     * Get pack method of the entry
     *
     * returns number of the method used when adding current archive entry
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getmethod.php
     *
     * @return int|false the method number or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getMethod() {}

    /**
     * Get name of the entry
     *
     * Returns the name (with path) of the archive entry.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getname.php
     *
     * @return string|false the entry name as a string, or FALSE on error.
     */
    public function getName() {}

    /**
     * Get packed size of the entry
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getpackedsize.php
     *
     * @return int|false the packed size, or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getPackedSize() {}

    /**
     * Get file handler for entry
     *
     * Returns a file handler that supports read operations. This handler provides on-the-fly decompression for
     * this entry. The handler is not invalidated by calling {@see rar_close()}.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getstream.php
     *
     * @param string $password The password used to encrypt this entry. If the entry is not encrypted, this value will
     *      not be used and can be omitted. If this parameter is omitted and the entry is encrypted,
     *      the password given to {@see rar_open()}, if any, will be used. If a wrong password is given, either
     *      explicitly or implicitly via {@see rar_open()}, this method's resulting stream will produce wrong output.
     *      If no password is given and one is required, this method will fail and return FALSE. You can check
     *      whether an entry is encrypted with {@see RarEntry::isEncrypted()}.
     *
     * @return resource|false file handler or FALSE on failure
     */
    public function getStream($password = '') {}

    /**
     * Get unpacked size of the entry
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getunpackedsize.php
     * @return int|false the unpacked size, or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getUnpackedSize() {}

    /**
     * Get minimum version of RAR program required to unpack the entry
     *
     * Returns minimum version of RAR program (e.g. WinRAR) required to unpack the entry. It is encoded as
     * 10 * major version + minor version.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.getversion.php
     *
     * @return int|false the version or FALSE on error
     */
    public function getVersion() {}

    /**
     * Test whether an entry represents a directory
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.isdirectory.php
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if this entry is a directory and FALSE otherwise.
     */
    public function isDirectory() {}

    /**
     * Test whether an entry is encrypted
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.isencrypted.php
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if the current entry is encrypted and FALSE otherwise
     */
    public function isEncrypted() {}

    /**
     * Get text representation of entry
     *
     * Returns a textual representation for this entry. It includes whether the entry is a file or a directory
     * (symbolic links and other special objects will be treated as files), the UTF-8 name of the entry and its CRC.
     * The form and content of this representation may be changed in the future, so they cannot be relied upon.
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarentry.tostring.php
     *
     * @return string A textual representation for the entry
     */
    public function __toString() {}
}
/**
 * This class serves two purposes:
 * it is the type of the exceptions thrown by the RAR extension functions and methods and it allows, through static
 * methods to query and define the error behaviour of the extension, i.e., whether exceptions are thrown or only
 * warnings are emitted.<br>
 * The following error codes are used:<br><ul>
 * <li>-1 - error outside UnRAR library</li>
 * <li>11 - insufficient memory</li>
 * <li>12 - bad data</li>
 * <li>13 - bad archive</li>
 * <li>14 - unknown format</li>
 * <li>15 - file open error</li>
 * <li>16 - file create error</li>
 * <li>17 - file close error</li>
 * <li>18 - read error</li>
 * <li>19 - write error</li>
 * <li>20 - buffer too small</li>
 * <li>21 - unkown RAR error</li>
 * <li>22 - password required but not given</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @link https://php.net/manual/en/class.rarexception.php
 */
final class RarException extends Exception
{
    /**
     * Check whether error handling with exceptions is in use
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarexception.isusingexceptions.php
     *
     * @return bool TRUE if exceptions are being used, FALSE otherwise
     */
    public static function isUsingExceptions() {}

    /**
     * Activate and deactivate error handling with exceptions
     *
     * @link https://php.net/manual/en/rarexception.setusingexceptions.php
     *
     * @param bool $using_exceptions Should be TRUE to activate exception throwing, FALSE to deactivate (the default)
     */
    public static function setUsingExceptions($using_exceptions) {}
}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

Deja un comentario

Tu dirección de correo electrónico no será publicada. Los campos obligatorios están marcados con *

¡Hola!