Current File : //usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/babel/messages/catalog.py
"""
    babel.messages.catalog
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Data structures for message catalogs.

    :copyright: (c) 2013-2022 by the Babel Team.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""

import re

from cgi import parse_header
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import datetime, time as time_
from difflib import get_close_matches
from email import message_from_string
from copy import copy

from babel import __version__ as VERSION
from babel.core import Locale, UnknownLocaleError
from babel.dates import format_datetime
from babel.messages.plurals import get_plural
from babel.util import distinct, LOCALTZ, FixedOffsetTimezone, _cmp

__all__ = ['Message', 'Catalog', 'TranslationError']


PYTHON_FORMAT = re.compile(r'''
    \%
        (?:\(([\w]*)\))?
        (
            [-#0\ +]?(?:\*|[\d]+)?
            (?:\.(?:\*|[\d]+))?
            [hlL]?
        )
        ([diouxXeEfFgGcrs%])
''', re.VERBOSE)


def _parse_datetime_header(value):
    match = re.match(r'^(?P<datetime>.*?)(?P<tzoffset>[+-]\d{4})?$', value)

    dt = datetime.strptime(match.group('datetime'), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')

    # Separate the offset into a sign component, hours, and # minutes
    tzoffset = match.group('tzoffset')
    if tzoffset is not None:
        plus_minus_s, rest = tzoffset[0], tzoffset[1:]
        hours_offset_s, mins_offset_s = rest[:2], rest[2:]

        # Make them all integers
        plus_minus = int(plus_minus_s + '1')
        hours_offset = int(hours_offset_s)
        mins_offset = int(mins_offset_s)

        # Calculate net offset
        net_mins_offset = hours_offset * 60
        net_mins_offset += mins_offset
        net_mins_offset *= plus_minus

        # Create an offset object
        tzoffset = FixedOffsetTimezone(net_mins_offset)

        # Store the offset in a datetime object
        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzoffset)

    return dt


class Message:
    """Representation of a single message in a catalog."""

    def __init__(self, id, string=u'', locations=(), flags=(), auto_comments=(),
                 user_comments=(), previous_id=(), lineno=None, context=None):
        """Create the message object.

        :param id: the message ID, or a ``(singular, plural)`` tuple for
                   pluralizable messages
        :param string: the translated message string, or a
                       ``(singular, plural)`` tuple for pluralizable messages
        :param locations: a sequence of ``(filename, lineno)`` tuples
        :param flags: a set or sequence of flags
        :param auto_comments: a sequence of automatic comments for the message
        :param user_comments: a sequence of user comments for the message
        :param previous_id: the previous message ID, or a ``(singular, plural)``
                            tuple for pluralizable messages
        :param lineno: the line number on which the msgid line was found in the
                       PO file, if any
        :param context: the message context
        """
        self.id = id
        if not string and self.pluralizable:
            string = (u'', u'')
        self.string = string
        self.locations = list(distinct(locations))
        self.flags = set(flags)
        if id and self.python_format:
            self.flags.add('python-format')
        else:
            self.flags.discard('python-format')
        self.auto_comments = list(distinct(auto_comments))
        self.user_comments = list(distinct(user_comments))
        if isinstance(previous_id, str):
            self.previous_id = [previous_id]
        else:
            self.previous_id = list(previous_id)
        self.lineno = lineno
        self.context = context

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s %r (flags: %r)>' % (type(self).__name__, self.id,
                                        list(self.flags))

    def __cmp__(self, other):
        """Compare Messages, taking into account plural ids"""
        def values_to_compare(obj):
            if isinstance(obj, Message) and obj.pluralizable:
                return obj.id[0], obj.context or ''
            return obj.id, obj.context or ''
        return _cmp(values_to_compare(self), values_to_compare(other))

    def __gt__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) > 0

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) < 0

    def __ge__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) >= 0

    def __le__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) <= 0

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) == 0

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) != 0

    def is_identical(self, other):
        """Checks whether messages are identical, taking into account all
        properties.
        """
        assert isinstance(other, Message)
        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__

    def clone(self):
        return Message(*map(copy, (self.id, self.string, self.locations,
                                   self.flags, self.auto_comments,
                                   self.user_comments, self.previous_id,
                                   self.lineno, self.context)))

    def check(self, catalog=None):
        """Run various validation checks on the message.  Some validations
        are only performed if the catalog is provided.  This method returns
        a sequence of `TranslationError` objects.

        :rtype: ``iterator``
        :param catalog: A catalog instance that is passed to the checkers
        :see: `Catalog.check` for a way to perform checks for all messages
              in a catalog.
        """
        from babel.messages.checkers import checkers
        errors = []
        for checker in checkers:
            try:
                checker(catalog, self)
            except TranslationError as e:
                errors.append(e)
        return errors

    @property
    def fuzzy(self):
        """Whether the translation is fuzzy.

        >>> Message('foo').fuzzy
        False
        >>> msg = Message('foo', 'foo', flags=['fuzzy'])
        >>> msg.fuzzy
        True
        >>> msg
        <Message 'foo' (flags: ['fuzzy'])>

        :type:  `bool`"""
        return 'fuzzy' in self.flags

    @property
    def pluralizable(self):
        """Whether the message is plurizable.

        >>> Message('foo').pluralizable
        False
        >>> Message(('foo', 'bar')).pluralizable
        True

        :type:  `bool`"""
        return isinstance(self.id, (list, tuple))

    @property
    def python_format(self):
        """Whether the message contains Python-style parameters.

        >>> Message('foo %(name)s bar').python_format
        True
        >>> Message(('foo %(name)s', 'foo %(name)s')).python_format
        True

        :type:  `bool`"""
        ids = self.id
        if not isinstance(ids, (list, tuple)):
            ids = [ids]
        return any(PYTHON_FORMAT.search(id) for id in ids)


class TranslationError(Exception):
    """Exception thrown by translation checkers when invalid message
    translations are encountered."""


DEFAULT_HEADER = u"""\
# Translations template for PROJECT.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PROJECT project.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#"""


class Catalog:
    """Representation of a message catalog."""

    def __init__(self, locale=None, domain=None, header_comment=DEFAULT_HEADER,
                 project=None, version=None, copyright_holder=None,
                 msgid_bugs_address=None, creation_date=None,
                 revision_date=None, last_translator=None, language_team=None,
                 charset=None, fuzzy=True):
        """Initialize the catalog object.

        :param locale: the locale identifier or `Locale` object, or `None`
                       if the catalog is not bound to a locale (which basically
                       means it's a template)
        :param domain: the message domain
        :param header_comment: the header comment as string, or `None` for the
                               default header
        :param project: the project's name
        :param version: the project's version
        :param copyright_holder: the copyright holder of the catalog
        :param msgid_bugs_address: the email address or URL to submit bug
                                   reports to
        :param creation_date: the date the catalog was created
        :param revision_date: the date the catalog was revised
        :param last_translator: the name and email of the last translator
        :param language_team: the name and email of the language team
        :param charset: the encoding to use in the output (defaults to utf-8)
        :param fuzzy: the fuzzy bit on the catalog header
        """
        self.domain = domain
        self.locale = locale
        self._header_comment = header_comment
        self._messages = OrderedDict()

        self.project = project or 'PROJECT'
        self.version = version or 'VERSION'
        self.copyright_holder = copyright_holder or 'ORGANIZATION'
        self.msgid_bugs_address = msgid_bugs_address or 'EMAIL@ADDRESS'

        self.last_translator = last_translator or 'FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>'
        """Name and email address of the last translator."""
        self.language_team = language_team or 'LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>'
        """Name and email address of the language team."""

        self.charset = charset or 'utf-8'

        if creation_date is None:
            creation_date = datetime.now(LOCALTZ)
        elif isinstance(creation_date, datetime) and not creation_date.tzinfo:
            creation_date = creation_date.replace(tzinfo=LOCALTZ)
        self.creation_date = creation_date
        if revision_date is None:
            revision_date = 'YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE'
        elif isinstance(revision_date, datetime) and not revision_date.tzinfo:
            revision_date = revision_date.replace(tzinfo=LOCALTZ)
        self.revision_date = revision_date
        self.fuzzy = fuzzy

        self.obsolete = OrderedDict()  # Dictionary of obsolete messages
        self._num_plurals = None
        self._plural_expr = None

    def _set_locale(self, locale):
        if locale is None:
            self._locale_identifier = None
            self._locale = None
            return

        if isinstance(locale, Locale):
            self._locale_identifier = str(locale)
            self._locale = locale
            return

        if isinstance(locale, str):
            self._locale_identifier = str(locale)
            try:
                self._locale = Locale.parse(locale)
            except UnknownLocaleError:
                self._locale = None
            return

        raise TypeError('`locale` must be a Locale, a locale identifier string, or None; got %r' % locale)

    def _get_locale(self):
        return self._locale

    def _get_locale_identifier(self):
        return self._locale_identifier

    locale = property(_get_locale, _set_locale)
    locale_identifier = property(_get_locale_identifier)

    def _get_header_comment(self):
        comment = self._header_comment
        year = datetime.now(LOCALTZ).strftime('%Y')
        if hasattr(self.revision_date, 'strftime'):
            year = self.revision_date.strftime('%Y')
        comment = comment.replace('PROJECT', self.project) \
                         .replace('VERSION', self.version) \
                         .replace('YEAR', year) \
                         .replace('ORGANIZATION', self.copyright_holder)
        locale_name = (self.locale.english_name if self.locale else self.locale_identifier)
        if locale_name:
            comment = comment.replace('Translations template', '%s translations' % locale_name)
        return comment

    def _set_header_comment(self, string):
        self._header_comment = string

    header_comment = property(_get_header_comment, _set_header_comment, doc="""\
    The header comment for the catalog.

    >>> catalog = Catalog(project='Foobar', version='1.0',
    ...                   copyright_holder='Foo Company')
    >>> print(catalog.header_comment) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
    # Translations template for Foobar.
    # Copyright (C) ... Foo Company
    # This file is distributed under the same license as the Foobar project.
    # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, ....
    #

    The header can also be set from a string. Any known upper-case variables
    will be replaced when the header is retrieved again:

    >>> catalog = Catalog(project='Foobar', version='1.0',
    ...                   copyright_holder='Foo Company')
    >>> catalog.header_comment = '''\\
    ... # The POT for my really cool PROJECT project.
    ... # Copyright (C) 1990-2003 ORGANIZATION
    ... # This file is distributed under the same license as the PROJECT
    ... # project.
    ... #'''
    >>> print(catalog.header_comment)
    # The POT for my really cool Foobar project.
    # Copyright (C) 1990-2003 Foo Company
    # This file is distributed under the same license as the Foobar
    # project.
    #

    :type: `unicode`
    """)

    def _get_mime_headers(self):
        headers = []
        headers.append(('Project-Id-Version',
                        '%s %s' % (self.project, self.version)))
        headers.append(('Report-Msgid-Bugs-To', self.msgid_bugs_address))
        headers.append(('POT-Creation-Date',
                        format_datetime(self.creation_date, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mmZ',
                                        locale='en')))
        if isinstance(self.revision_date, (datetime, time_, int, float)):
            headers.append(('PO-Revision-Date',
                            format_datetime(self.revision_date,
                                            'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mmZ', locale='en')))
        else:
            headers.append(('PO-Revision-Date', self.revision_date))
        headers.append(('Last-Translator', self.last_translator))
        if self.locale_identifier:
            headers.append(('Language', str(self.locale_identifier)))
        if self.locale_identifier and ('LANGUAGE' in self.language_team):
            headers.append(('Language-Team',
                            self.language_team.replace('LANGUAGE',
                                                       str(self.locale_identifier))))
        else:
            headers.append(('Language-Team', self.language_team))
        if self.locale is not None:
            headers.append(('Plural-Forms', self.plural_forms))
        headers.append(('MIME-Version', '1.0'))
        headers.append(('Content-Type',
                        'text/plain; charset=%s' % self.charset))
        headers.append(('Content-Transfer-Encoding', '8bit'))
        headers.append(('Generated-By', 'Babel %s\n' % VERSION))
        return headers

    def _force_text(self, s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
        if isinstance(s, str):
            return s
        if isinstance(s, bytes):
            return s.decode(encoding, errors)
        return str(s)

    def _set_mime_headers(self, headers):
        for name, value in headers:
            name = self._force_text(name.lower(), encoding=self.charset)
            value = self._force_text(value, encoding=self.charset)
            if name == 'project-id-version':
                parts = value.split(' ')
                self.project = u' '.join(parts[:-1])
                self.version = parts[-1]
            elif name == 'report-msgid-bugs-to':
                self.msgid_bugs_address = value
            elif name == 'last-translator':
                self.last_translator = value
            elif name == 'language':
                value = value.replace('-', '_')
                self._set_locale(value)
            elif name == 'language-team':
                self.language_team = value
            elif name == 'content-type':
                mimetype, params = parse_header(value)
                if 'charset' in params:
                    self.charset = params['charset'].lower()
            elif name == 'plural-forms':
                _, params = parse_header(' ;' + value)
                self._num_plurals = int(params.get('nplurals', 2))
                self._plural_expr = params.get('plural', '(n != 1)')
            elif name == 'pot-creation-date':
                self.creation_date = _parse_datetime_header(value)
            elif name == 'po-revision-date':
                # Keep the value if it's not the default one
                if 'YEAR' not in value:
                    self.revision_date = _parse_datetime_header(value)

    mime_headers = property(_get_mime_headers, _set_mime_headers, doc="""\
    The MIME headers of the catalog, used for the special ``msgid ""`` entry.

    The behavior of this property changes slightly depending on whether a locale
    is set or not, the latter indicating that the catalog is actually a template
    for actual translations.

    Here's an example of the output for such a catalog template:

    >>> from babel.dates import UTC
    >>> created = datetime(1990, 4, 1, 15, 30, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> catalog = Catalog(project='Foobar', version='1.0',
    ...                   creation_date=created)
    >>> for name, value in catalog.mime_headers:
    ...     print('%s: %s' % (name, value))
    Project-Id-Version: Foobar 1.0
    Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS
    POT-Creation-Date: 1990-04-01 15:30+0000
    PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE
    Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>
    Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
    Generated-By: Babel ...

    And here's an example of the output when the locale is set:

    >>> revised = datetime(1990, 8, 3, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> catalog = Catalog(locale='de_DE', project='Foobar', version='1.0',
    ...                   creation_date=created, revision_date=revised,
    ...                   last_translator='John Doe <jd@example.com>',
    ...                   language_team='de_DE <de@example.com>')
    >>> for name, value in catalog.mime_headers:
    ...     print('%s: %s' % (name, value))
    Project-Id-Version: Foobar 1.0
    Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS
    POT-Creation-Date: 1990-04-01 15:30+0000
    PO-Revision-Date: 1990-08-03 12:00+0000
    Last-Translator: John Doe <jd@example.com>
    Language: de_DE
    Language-Team: de_DE <de@example.com>
    Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
    Generated-By: Babel ...

    :type: `list`
    """)

    @property
    def num_plurals(self):
        """The number of plurals used by the catalog or locale.

        >>> Catalog(locale='en').num_plurals
        2
        >>> Catalog(locale='ga').num_plurals
        5

        :type: `int`"""
        if self._num_plurals is None:
            num = 2
            if self.locale:
                num = get_plural(self.locale)[0]
            self._num_plurals = num
        return self._num_plurals

    @property
    def plural_expr(self):
        """The plural expression used by the catalog or locale.

        >>> Catalog(locale='en').plural_expr
        '(n != 1)'
        >>> Catalog(locale='ga').plural_expr
        '(n==1 ? 0 : n==2 ? 1 : n>=3 && n<=6 ? 2 : n>=7 && n<=10 ? 3 : 4)'
        >>> Catalog(locale='ding').plural_expr  # unknown locale
        '(n != 1)'

        :type: `str`"""
        if self._plural_expr is None:
            expr = '(n != 1)'
            if self.locale:
                expr = get_plural(self.locale)[1]
            self._plural_expr = expr
        return self._plural_expr

    @property
    def plural_forms(self):
        """Return the plural forms declaration for the locale.

        >>> Catalog(locale='en').plural_forms
        'nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);'
        >>> Catalog(locale='pt_BR').plural_forms
        'nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);'

        :type: `str`"""
        return 'nplurals=%s; plural=%s;' % (self.num_plurals, self.plural_expr)

    def __contains__(self, id):
        """Return whether the catalog has a message with the specified ID."""
        return self._key_for(id) in self._messages

    def __len__(self):
        """The number of messages in the catalog.

        This does not include the special ``msgid ""`` entry."""
        return len(self._messages)

    def __iter__(self):
        """Iterates through all the entries in the catalog, in the order they
        were added, yielding a `Message` object for every entry.

        :rtype: ``iterator``"""
        buf = []
        for name, value in self.mime_headers:
            buf.append('%s: %s' % (name, value))
        flags = set()
        if self.fuzzy:
            flags |= {'fuzzy'}
        yield Message(u'', '\n'.join(buf), flags=flags)
        for key in self._messages:
            yield self._messages[key]

    def __repr__(self):
        locale = ''
        if self.locale:
            locale = ' %s' % self.locale
        return '<%s %r%s>' % (type(self).__name__, self.domain, locale)

    def __delitem__(self, id):
        """Delete the message with the specified ID."""
        self.delete(id)

    def __getitem__(self, id):
        """Return the message with the specified ID.

        :param id: the message ID
        """
        return self.get(id)

    def __setitem__(self, id, message):
        """Add or update the message with the specified ID.

        >>> catalog = Catalog()
        >>> catalog[u'foo'] = Message(u'foo')
        >>> catalog[u'foo']
        <Message u'foo' (flags: [])>

        If a message with that ID is already in the catalog, it is updated
        to include the locations and flags of the new message.

        >>> catalog = Catalog()
        >>> catalog[u'foo'] = Message(u'foo', locations=[('main.py', 1)])
        >>> catalog[u'foo'].locations
        [('main.py', 1)]
        >>> catalog[u'foo'] = Message(u'foo', locations=[('utils.py', 5)])
        >>> catalog[u'foo'].locations
        [('main.py', 1), ('utils.py', 5)]

        :param id: the message ID
        :param message: the `Message` object
        """
        assert isinstance(message, Message), 'expected a Message object'
        key = self._key_for(id, message.context)
        current = self._messages.get(key)
        if current:
            if message.pluralizable and not current.pluralizable:
                # The new message adds pluralization
                current.id = message.id
                current.string = message.string
            current.locations = list(distinct(current.locations +
                                              message.locations))
            current.auto_comments = list(distinct(current.auto_comments +
                                                  message.auto_comments))
            current.user_comments = list(distinct(current.user_comments +
                                                  message.user_comments))
            current.flags |= message.flags
            message = current
        elif id == '':
            # special treatment for the header message
            self.mime_headers = message_from_string(message.string).items()
            self.header_comment = '\n'.join([('# %s' % c).rstrip() for c
                                             in message.user_comments])
            self.fuzzy = message.fuzzy
        else:
            if isinstance(id, (list, tuple)):
                assert isinstance(message.string, (list, tuple)), \
                    'Expected sequence but got %s' % type(message.string)
            self._messages[key] = message

    def add(self, id, string=None, locations=(), flags=(), auto_comments=(),
            user_comments=(), previous_id=(), lineno=None, context=None):
        """Add or update the message with the specified ID.

        >>> catalog = Catalog()
        >>> catalog.add(u'foo')
        <Message ...>
        >>> catalog[u'foo']
        <Message u'foo' (flags: [])>

        This method simply constructs a `Message` object with the given
        arguments and invokes `__setitem__` with that object.

        :param id: the message ID, or a ``(singular, plural)`` tuple for
                   pluralizable messages
        :param string: the translated message string, or a
                       ``(singular, plural)`` tuple for pluralizable messages
        :param locations: a sequence of ``(filename, lineno)`` tuples
        :param flags: a set or sequence of flags
        :param auto_comments: a sequence of automatic comments
        :param user_comments: a sequence of user comments
        :param previous_id: the previous message ID, or a ``(singular, plural)``
                            tuple for pluralizable messages
        :param lineno: the line number on which the msgid line was found in the
                       PO file, if any
        :param context: the message context
        """
        message = Message(id, string, list(locations), flags, auto_comments,
                          user_comments, previous_id, lineno=lineno,
                          context=context)
        self[id] = message
        return message

    def check(self):
        """Run various validation checks on the translations in the catalog.

        For every message which fails validation, this method yield a
        ``(message, errors)`` tuple, where ``message`` is the `Message` object
        and ``errors`` is a sequence of `TranslationError` objects.

        :rtype: ``iterator``
        """
        for message in self._messages.values():
            errors = message.check(catalog=self)
            if errors:
                yield message, errors

    def get(self, id, context=None):
        """Return the message with the specified ID and context.

        :param id: the message ID
        :param context: the message context, or ``None`` for no context
        """
        return self._messages.get(self._key_for(id, context))

    def delete(self, id, context=None):
        """Delete the message with the specified ID and context.

        :param id: the message ID
        :param context: the message context, or ``None`` for no context
        """
        key = self._key_for(id, context)
        if key in self._messages:
            del self._messages[key]

    def update(self, template, no_fuzzy_matching=False, update_header_comment=False, keep_user_comments=True):
        """Update the catalog based on the given template catalog.

        >>> from babel.messages import Catalog
        >>> template = Catalog()
        >>> template.add('green', locations=[('main.py', 99)])
        <Message ...>
        >>> template.add('blue', locations=[('main.py', 100)])
        <Message ...>
        >>> template.add(('salad', 'salads'), locations=[('util.py', 42)])
        <Message ...>
        >>> catalog = Catalog(locale='de_DE')
        >>> catalog.add('blue', u'blau', locations=[('main.py', 98)])
        <Message ...>
        >>> catalog.add('head', u'Kopf', locations=[('util.py', 33)])
        <Message ...>
        >>> catalog.add(('salad', 'salads'), (u'Salat', u'Salate'),
        ...             locations=[('util.py', 38)])
        <Message ...>

        >>> catalog.update(template)
        >>> len(catalog)
        3

        >>> msg1 = catalog['green']
        >>> msg1.string
        >>> msg1.locations
        [('main.py', 99)]

        >>> msg2 = catalog['blue']
        >>> msg2.string
        u'blau'
        >>> msg2.locations
        [('main.py', 100)]

        >>> msg3 = catalog['salad']
        >>> msg3.string
        (u'Salat', u'Salate')
        >>> msg3.locations
        [('util.py', 42)]

        Messages that are in the catalog but not in the template are removed
        from the main collection, but can still be accessed via the `obsolete`
        member:

        >>> 'head' in catalog
        False
        >>> list(catalog.obsolete.values())
        [<Message 'head' (flags: [])>]

        :param template: the reference catalog, usually read from a POT file
        :param no_fuzzy_matching: whether to use fuzzy matching of message IDs
        """
        messages = self._messages
        remaining = messages.copy()
        self._messages = OrderedDict()

        # Prepare for fuzzy matching
        fuzzy_candidates = []
        if not no_fuzzy_matching:
            fuzzy_candidates = {
                self._key_for(msgid): messages[msgid].context
                for msgid in messages if msgid and messages[msgid].string
            }
        fuzzy_matches = set()

        def _merge(message, oldkey, newkey):
            message = message.clone()
            fuzzy = False
            if oldkey != newkey:
                fuzzy = True
                fuzzy_matches.add(oldkey)
                oldmsg = messages.get(oldkey)
                if isinstance(oldmsg.id, str):
                    message.previous_id = [oldmsg.id]
                else:
                    message.previous_id = list(oldmsg.id)
            else:
                oldmsg = remaining.pop(oldkey, None)
            message.string = oldmsg.string

            if keep_user_comments:
                message.user_comments = list(distinct(oldmsg.user_comments))

            if isinstance(message.id, (list, tuple)):
                if not isinstance(message.string, (list, tuple)):
                    fuzzy = True
                    message.string = tuple(
                        [message.string] + ([u''] * (len(message.id) - 1))
                    )
                elif len(message.string) != self.num_plurals:
                    fuzzy = True
                    message.string = tuple(message.string[:len(oldmsg.string)])
            elif isinstance(message.string, (list, tuple)):
                fuzzy = True
                message.string = message.string[0]
            message.flags |= oldmsg.flags
            if fuzzy:
                message.flags |= {u'fuzzy'}
            self[message.id] = message

        for message in template:
            if message.id:
                key = self._key_for(message.id, message.context)
                if key in messages:
                    _merge(message, key, key)
                else:
                    if not no_fuzzy_matching:
                        # do some fuzzy matching with difflib
                        if isinstance(key, tuple):
                            matchkey = key[0]  # just the msgid, no context
                        else:
                            matchkey = key
                        matches = get_close_matches(matchkey.lower().strip(),
                                                    fuzzy_candidates.keys(), 1)
                        if matches:
                            newkey = matches[0]
                            newctxt = fuzzy_candidates[newkey]
                            if newctxt is not None:
                                newkey = newkey, newctxt
                            _merge(message, newkey, key)
                            continue

                    self[message.id] = message

        for msgid in remaining:
            if no_fuzzy_matching or msgid not in fuzzy_matches:
                self.obsolete[msgid] = remaining[msgid]

        if update_header_comment:
            # Allow the updated catalog's header to be rewritten based on the
            # template's header
            self.header_comment = template.header_comment

        # Make updated catalog's POT-Creation-Date equal to the template
        # used to update the catalog
        self.creation_date = template.creation_date

    def _key_for(self, id, context=None):
        """The key for a message is just the singular ID even for pluralizable
        messages, but is a ``(msgid, msgctxt)`` tuple for context-specific
        messages.
        """
        key = id
        if isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
            key = id[0]
        if context is not None:
            key = (key, context)
        return key

    def is_identical(self, other):
        """Checks if catalogs are identical, taking into account messages and
        headers.
        """
        assert isinstance(other, Catalog)
        for key in self._messages.keys() | other._messages.keys():
            message_1 = self.get(key)
            message_2 = other.get(key)
            if (
                message_1 is None
                or message_2 is None
                or not message_1.is_identical(message_2)
            ):
                return False
        return dict(self.mime_headers) == dict(other.mime_headers)
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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