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#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is designed to work with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have either included with
# the program or referenced in the documentation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
use Getopt::Long;
use POSIX qw(strftime getcwd);
use File::Path qw(mkpath);
$|=1;
$VER="2.16";
my @defaults_options; # Leading --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.
$opt_example = 0;
$opt_help = 0;
$opt_log = undef();
$opt_mysqladmin = "/usr/bin/mysqladmin";
$opt_mysqld = "/usr/sbin/mysqld";
$opt_no_log = 0;
$opt_password = undef();
$opt_tcp_ip = 0;
$opt_user = "root";
$opt_version = 0;
$opt_silent = 0;
$opt_verbose = 0;
my $my_print_defaults_exists= 1;
my $logdir= undef();
my ($mysqld, $mysqladmin, $groupids, $homedir, $my_progname);
$homedir = $ENV{HOME};
$my_progname = $0;
$my_progname =~ s/.*[\/]//;
if (defined($ENV{UMASK})) {
my $UMASK = $ENV{UMASK};
my $m;
my $fmode = "0640";
if(($UMASK =~ m/[^0246]/) || ($UMASK =~ m/^[^0]/) || (length($UMASK) != 4)) {
printf("UMASK must be a 3-digit mode with an additional leading 0 to indicate octal.\n");
printf("The first digit will be corrected to 6, the others may be 0, 2, 4, or 6.\n"); }
else {
$fmode= substr $UMASK, 2, 2;
$fmode= "06${fmode}"; }
if($fmode != $UMASK) {
printf("UMASK corrected from $UMASK to $fmode ...\n"); }
$fmode= oct($fmode);
umask($fmode);
}
main();
####
#### main sub routine
####
sub main
{
my $flag_exit= 0;
if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
{
# We can't throw out yet, since --version, --help, or --example may
# have been given
print "WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.\n";
print "Please make sure you have this command available and\n";
print "in your path. The command is available from the latest\n";
print "MySQL distribution.\n";
$my_print_defaults_exists= 0;
}
# Remove leading defaults options from @ARGV
while (@ARGV > 0)
{
last unless $ARGV[0] =~
/^--(?:no-defaults$|(?:defaults-file|defaults-extra-file)=)/;
push @defaults_options, (shift @ARGV);
}
foreach (@defaults_options)
{
$_ = quote_shell_word($_);
}
# Add [mysqld_multi] options to front of @ARGV, ready for GetOptions()
unshift @ARGV, defaults_for_group('mysqld_multi');
# We've already handled --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.
if (!GetOptions("help", "example", "version", "mysqld=s", "mysqladmin=s",
"user=s", "password=s", "log=s", "no-log",
"tcp-ip", "silent", "verbose"))
{
$flag_exit= 1;
}
usage() if ($opt_help);
if ($opt_verbose && $opt_silent)
{
print "Both --verbose and --silent have been given. Some of the warnings ";
print "will be disabled\nand some will be enabled.\n\n";
}
init_log() if (!defined($opt_log));
$groupids = $ARGV[1];
if ($opt_version)
{
print "$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen\n";
exit(0);
}
example() if ($opt_example);
if ($flag_exit)
{
print "Error with an option, see $my_progname --help for more info.\n";
exit(1);
}
if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
{
print "ABORT: Can't find command 'my_print_defaults'.\n";
print "This command is available from the latest MySQL\n";
print "distribution. Please make sure you have the command\n";
print "in your PATH.\n";
exit(1);
}
usage() if (!defined($ARGV[0]) ||
(!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) &&
!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^stop$/i) &&
!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) &&
!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)));
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("$my_progname log file version $VER; run: ",
"$opt_log", 1, 0);
}
else
{
print "$my_progname log file version $VER; run: ";
print strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime;
print "\n";
}
if (($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) || ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i))
{
if (!defined(($mysqld= my_which($opt_mysqld))) && $opt_verbose)
{
print "WARNING: Couldn't find the default mysqld binary.\n";
print "Tried: $opt_mysqld\n";
print "This is OK, if you are using option \"mysqld=...\" in ";
print "groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n";
}
if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) {
start_mysqlds();
} elsif ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) {
reload_mysqlds();
}
}
else
{
if (!defined(($mysqladmin= my_which($opt_mysqladmin))) && $opt_verbose)
{
print "WARNING: Couldn't find the default mysqladmin binary.\n";
print "Tried: $opt_mysqladmin\n";
print "This is OK, if you are using option \"mysqladmin=...\" in ";
print "groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n";
}
if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)
{
report_mysqlds();
}
else
{
stop_mysqlds();
}
}
}
#
# Quote word for shell
#
sub quote_shell_word
{
my ($option)= @_;
$option =~ s!([^\w=./-])!\\$1!g;
return $option;
}
sub defaults_for_group
{
my ($group) = @_;
return () unless $my_print_defaults_exists;
my $com= join ' ', 'my_print_defaults', @defaults_options, $group;
my @defaults = `$com`;
chomp @defaults;
return @defaults;
}
####
#### Init log file. Check for appropriate place for log file, in the following
#### order: my_print_defaults mysqld datadir, /usr/share/mysql
####
sub init_log
{
foreach my $opt (defaults_for_group('mysqld'))
{
if ($opt =~ m/^--datadir=(.*)/ && -d "$1" && -w "$1")
{
$logdir= $1;
}
}
if (!defined($logdir))
{
$logdir= "/usr/share/mysql" if (-d "/usr/share/mysql" && -w "/usr/share/mysql");
}
if (!defined($logdir))
{
# Log file was not specified and we could not log to a standard place,
# so log file be disabled for now.
if (!$opt_silent)
{
print "WARNING: Log file disabled. Maybe directory or file isn't writable?\n";
}
$opt_no_log= 1;
}
else
{
$opt_log= "$logdir/mysqld_multi.log";
}
}
####
#### Report living and not running MySQL servers
####
sub report_mysqlds
{
my (@groups, $com, $i, @options, $pec);
print "Reporting MySQL servers\n";
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("\nReporting MySQL servers","$opt_log",0,0);
}
@groups = &find_groups($groupids);
for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
{
$com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
$com.= " ping >> /dev/null 2>&1";
system($com);
$pec = $? >> 8;
if ($pec)
{
print "MySQL server from group: $groups[$i] is not running\n";
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("MySQL server from group: $groups[$i] is not running",
"$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
else
{
print "MySQL server from group: $groups[$i] is running\n";
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("MySQL server from group: $groups[$i] is running",
"$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
}
if (!$i)
{
print "No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)\n";
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)", "$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
}
####
#### start multiple servers
####
sub start_mysqlds()
{
my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j, $mysqld_found, $info_sent);
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("\nStarting MySQL servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
}
else
{
print "\nStarting MySQL servers\n";
}
@groups = &find_groups($groupids);
for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
{
@options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);
$basedir_found= 0; # The default
$mysqld_found= 1; # The default
$mysqld_found= 0 if (!length($mysqld));
# Initialize the command.
$com= "$mysqld";
# Initialize the command option list, process the options,
# reset command if relevant, append key options to command line.
for ($j = 0, $tmp= ""; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
{
if ("--datadir=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10)) {
$datadir = $options[$j];
$datadir =~ s/\-\-datadir\=//;
eval { mkpath($datadir) };
if ($@) {
print "FATAL ERROR: Cannot create data directory $datadir: $!\n";
exit(1);
}
# Quote and append 'datadir' to command line.
$options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
$tmp.= " $options[$j]";
}
elsif ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
{
# catch this and ignore
}
elsif ("--mysqld=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
{
$options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
# Reset command.
$com= $options[$j];
$mysqld_found= 1;
}
elsif ("--basedir=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10))
{
$basedir= $options[$j];
$basedir =~ s/^--basedir=//;
$basedir_found= 1;
# Quote and append 'basedir' to command line.
$options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
$tmp.= " $options[$j]";
}
else
{
# Quote and append additional options to command line.
$options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
$tmp.= " $options[$j]";
}
}
if ($opt_verbose && $com =~ m/\/(safe_mysqld|mysqld_safe)$/ && !$info_sent)
{
print "WARNING: $1 is being used to start mysqld. In this case you ";
print "may need to pass\n\"ledir=...\" under groups [mysqldN] to ";
print "$1 in order to find the actual mysqld binary.\n";
print "ledir (library executable directory) should be the path to the ";
print "wanted mysqld binary.\n\n";
$info_sent= 1;
}
# Prepare command line by appending command and option list, and redirect output.
$com.= $tmp;
$com.= " >> $opt_log 2>&1" if (!$opt_no_log);
if (!$mysqld_found)
{
print "\n";
print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]], ";
print "but no mysqld binary was found.\n";
print "Please add \"mysqld=...\" in group [mysqld_multi], or add it to ";
print "group [$groups[$i]] separately.\n";
exit(1);
}
if ($basedir_found)
{
$curdir=getcwd();
chdir($basedir) or die "Can't change to datadir $basedir";
}
# Prepare datadir by initializing the server, unless this is already done.
if (! -d $datadir."/mysql") {
if (-w $datadir) {
print "\n\nInstalling new database in $datadir\n\n";
system($com." --initialize");
} else {
print "\n";
print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to create mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n";
print "but the data directory is not writable.\n";
print "data directory used: $datadir\n";
exit(1);
}
}
if (! -d $datadir."/mysql") {
print "\n";
print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n";
print "but no data directory was found or could be created.\n";
print "data directory used: $datadir\n";
exit(1);
}
# Start the command in the background.
system($com." &");
if ($basedir_found)
{
chdir($curdir) or die "Can't change back to original dir $curdir";
}
}
if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("No MySQL servers to be started (check your GNRs)",
"$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
####
#### reload multiple servers
####
sub reload_mysqlds()
{
my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j);
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("\nReloading MySQL servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
}
else
{
print "\nReloading MySQL servers\n";
}
@groups = &find_groups($groupids);
for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
{
$mysqld_server = $mysqld;
@options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);
for ($j = 0, $tmp= ""; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
{
if ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
{
# catch this and ignore
}
elsif ("--mysqld=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
{
$options[$j] =~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
$mysqld_server = $options[$j];
}
elsif ("--pid-file=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 11))
{
$options[$j] =~ s/\-\-pid-file\=//;
$pid_file = $options[$j];
}
}
$com = "killproc -p $pid_file -HUP $mysqld_server";
system($com);
$com = "touch $pid_file";
system($com);
}
if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("No MySQL servers to be reloaded (check your GNRs)",
"$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
###
#### stop multiple servers
####
sub stop_mysqlds()
{
my (@groups, $com, $i, @options);
if (!$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("\nStopping MySQL servers\n","$opt_log",0,0);
}
else
{
print "\nStopping MySQL servers\n";
}
@groups = &find_groups($groupids);
for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
{
$com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
$com.= " shutdown";
$com.= " >> $opt_log 2>&1" if (!$opt_no_log);
$com.= " &";
system($com);
}
if (!$i && !$opt_no_log)
{
w2log("No MySQL servers to be stopped (check your GNRs)",
"$opt_log", 0, 0);
}
}
####
#### Sub function for mysqladmin option parsing
####
sub get_mysqladmin_options
{
my ($i, @groups)= @_;
my ($mysqladmin_found, $com, $tmp, $j);
@options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);
$mysqladmin_found= 1; # The default
$mysqladmin_found= 0 if (!length($mysqladmin));
$com = "$mysqladmin";
$tmp = " -u $opt_user";
if (defined($opt_password)) {
my $pw= $opt_password;
# Protect single quotes in password
$pw =~ s/'/'"'"'/g;
$tmp.= " -p'$pw'";
}
$tmp.= $opt_tcp_ip ? " -h 127.0.0.1" : "";
for ($j = 0; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
{
if ("--mysqladmin=" eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
{
$options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqladmin\=//;
$com= $options[$j];
$mysqladmin_found= 1;
}
elsif ((($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-socket\=)(.*)$/) && !$opt_tcp_ip) ||
($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-port\=)(.*)$/))
{
$tmp.= " $options[$j]";
}
}
if (!$mysqladmin_found)
{
print "\n";
print "FATAL ERROR: Tried to use mysqladmin in group [$groups[$i]], ";
print "but no mysqladmin binary was found.\n";
print "Please add \"mysqladmin=...\" in group [mysqld_multi], or ";
print "in group [$groups[$i]].\n";
exit(1);
}
$com.= $tmp;
return $com;
}
# Return a list of option files which can be opened. Similar, but not
# identical, to behavior of my_search_option_files()
sub list_defaults_files
{
my %opt;
foreach (@defaults_options)
{
return () if /^--no-defaults$/;
$opt{$1} = $2 if /^--defaults-(extra-file|file)=(.*)$/;
}
return ($opt{file}) if exists $opt{file};
my %seen; # Don't list the same file more than once
return grep { defined $_ and not $seen{$_}++ and -f $_ and -r $_ }
('/etc/my.cnf',
'/etc/mysql/my.cnf',
'/usr/my.cnf',
($ENV{MYSQL_HOME} ? "$ENV{MYSQL_HOME}/my.cnf" : undef),
$opt{'extra-file'},
($ENV{HOME} ? "$ENV{HOME}/.my.cnf" : undef));
}
# Takes a specification of GNRs (see --help), and returns a list of matching
# groups which actually are mentioned in a relevant config file
sub find_groups
{
my ($raw_gids) = @_;
my %gids;
my @groups;
if (defined($raw_gids))
{
# Make a hash of the wanted group ids
foreach my $raw_gid (split ',', $raw_gids)
{
# Match 123 or 123-456
my ($start, $end) = ($raw_gid =~ /^\s*(\d+)(?:\s*-\s*(\d+))?\s*$/);
$end = $start if not defined $end;
if (not defined $start or $end < $start or $start < 0)
{
print "ABORT: Bad GNR: $raw_gid; see $my_progname --help\n";
exit(1);
}
foreach my $i ($start .. $end)
{
# Use $i + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -> 2)
$gids{$i + 0}= 1;
}
}
}
my @defaults_files = list_defaults_files();
#warn "@{[sort keys %gids]} -> @defaults_files\n";
foreach my $file (@defaults_files)
{
next unless open CONF, "< $file";
while (<CONF>)
{
if (/^\s*\[\s*(mysqld)(\d+)\s*\]\s*$/)
{
#warn "Found a group: $1$2\n";
# Use $2 + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -> 2)
if (not defined($raw_gids) or $gids{$2 + 0})
{
push @groups, "$1$2";
}
}
}
close CONF;
}
return @groups;
}
####
#### w2log: Write to a logfile.
#### 1.arg: append to the log file (given string, or from a file. if a file,
#### file will be read from $opt_logdir)
#### 2.arg: logfile -name (w2log assumes that the logfile is in $opt_logdir).
#### 3.arg. 0 | 1, if true, print current date to the logfile. 3. arg will
#### be ignored, if 1. arg is a file.
#### 4.arg. 0 | 1, if true, first argument is a file, else a string
####
sub w2log
{
my ($msg, $file, $date_flag, $is_file)= @_;
my (@data);
open (LOGFILE, ">>$opt_log")
or die "FATAL: w2log: Couldn't open log file: $opt_log\n";
if ($is_file)
{
open (FROMFILE, "<$msg") && (@data=<FROMFILE>) &&
close(FROMFILE)
or die "FATAL: w2log: Couldn't open file: $msg\n";
foreach my $line (@data)
{
print LOGFILE "$line";
}
}
else
{
print LOGFILE "$msg";
print LOGFILE strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime if ($date_flag);
print LOGFILE "\n";
}
close (LOGFILE);
return;
}
####
#### my_which is used, because we can't assume that every system has the
#### which -command. my_which can take only one argument at a time.
#### Return values: requested system command with the first found path,
#### or undefined, if not found.
####
sub my_which
{
my ($command) = @_;
my (@paths, $path);
# If the argument is not 'my_print_defaults' then it would be of the format
# <absolute_path>/<program>
return $command if ($command ne 'my_print_defaults' && -f $command &&
-x $command);
@paths = split(':', $ENV{'PATH'});
foreach $path (@paths)
{
$path .= "/$command";
return $path if (-f $path && -x $path);
}
return undef();
}
####
#### example
####
sub example
{
print <<EOF;
# This is an example of a my.cnf file for $my_progname.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
#
# SOME IMPORTANT NOTES FOLLOW:
#
# 1.COMMON USER
#
# Make sure that the MySQL user, who is stopping the mysqld services, has
# the same password to all MySQL servers being accessed by $my_progname.
# This user needs to have the 'Shutdown_priv' -privilege, but for security
# reasons should have no other privileges. It is advised that you create a
# common 'multi_admin' user for all MySQL servers being controlled by
# $my_progname. Here is an example how to do it:
#
# GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO multi_admin\@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password'
#
# You will need to apply the above to all MySQL servers that are being
# controlled by $my_progname. 'multi_admin' will shutdown the servers
# using 'mysqladmin' -binary, when '$my_progname stop' is being called.
#
# 2.PID-FILE
#
# If you are using mysqld_safe to start mysqld, make sure that every
# MySQL server has a separate pid-file. In order to use mysqld_safe
# via $my_progname, you need to use two options:
#
# mysqld=/path/to/mysqld_safe
# ledir=/path/to/mysqld-binary/
#
# ledir (library executable directory), is an option that only mysqld_safe
# accepts, so you will get an error if you try to pass it to mysqld directly.
# For this reason you might want to use the above options within [mysqld#]
# group directly.
#
# 3.DATA DIRECTORY
#
# It is NOT advised to run many MySQL servers within the same data directory.
# You can do so, but please make sure to understand and deal with the
# underlying caveats. In short they are:
# - Speed penalty
# - Risk of table/data corruption
# - Data synchronising problems between the running servers
# - Heavily media (disk) bound
# - Relies on the system (external) file locking
# - Is not applicable with all table types. (Such as InnoDB)
# Trying so will end up with undesirable results.
#
# 4.TCP/IP Port
#
# Every server requires one and it must be unique.
#
# 5.[mysqld#] Groups
#
# In the example below the first and the fifth mysqld group was
# intentionally left out. You may have 'gaps' in the config file. This
# gives you more flexibility.
#
# 6.MySQL Server User
#
# You can pass the user=... option inside [mysqld#] groups. This
# can be very handy in some cases, but then you need to run $my_progname
# as UNIX root.
#
# 7.A Start-up Manage Script for $my_progname
#
# In the recent MySQL distributions you can find a file called
# mysqld_multi.server.sh. It is a wrapper for $my_progname. This can
# be used to start and stop multiple servers during boot and shutdown.
#
# You can place the file in /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server.sh and
# make the needed symbolic links to it from various run levels
# (as per Linux/Unix standard). You may even replace the
# /etc/init.d/mysql.server script with it.
#
# Before using, you must create a my.cnf file either in /usr/my.cnf
# or /root/.my.cnf and add the [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#] groups.
#
# The script can be found from support-files/mysqld_multi.server.sh
# in MySQL distribution. (Verify the script before using)
#
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mysqladmin
user = multi_admin
password = my_password
[mysqld2]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql2/hostname.pid2
datadir = /var/lib/mysql2
language = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/english
user = unix_user1
[mysqld3]
mysqld = /path/to/mysqld_safe
ledir = /path/to/mysqld-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mysqladmin
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port = 3308
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql3/hostname.pid3
datadir = /var/lib/mysql3
language = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/swedish
user = unix_user2
[mysqld4]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port = 3309
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql4/hostname.pid4
datadir = /var/lib/mysql4
language = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/estonia
user = unix_user3
[mysqld6]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port = 3311
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql6/hostname.pid6
datadir = /var/lib/mysql6
language = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/japanese
user = unix_user4
EOF
exit(0);
}
####
#### usage
####
sub usage
{
print <<EOF;
$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen
Description:
$my_progname can be used to start, reload, or stop any number of separate
mysqld processes running in different TCP/IP ports and UNIX sockets.
$my_progname can read group [mysqld_multi] from my.cnf file. You may
want to put options mysqld=... and mysqladmin=... there. Since
version 2.10 these options can also be given under groups [mysqld#],
which gives more control over different versions. One can have the
default mysqld and mysqladmin under group [mysqld_multi], but this is
not mandatory. Please note that if mysqld or mysqladmin is missing
from both [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#], a group that is tried to be
used, $my_progname will abort with an error.
$my_progname will search for groups named [mysqld#] from my.cnf (or
the given --defaults-extra-file=...), where '#' can be any positive
integer starting from 1. These groups should be the same as the regular
[mysqld] group, but with those port, socket and any other options
that are to be used with each separate mysqld process. The number
in the group name has another function; it can be used for starting,
reloading, stopping, or reporting any specific mysqld server.
Usage: $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
or $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]
The GNR means the group number. You can start, reload, stop or report any GNR,
or several of them at the same time. (See --example) The GNRs list can
be comma separated or a dash combined. The latter means that all the
GNRs between GNR1-GNR2 will be affected. Without GNR argument all the
groups found will either be started, reloaded, stopped, or reported. Note that
syntax for specifying GNRs must appear without spaces.
Options:
These options must be given before any others:
--no-defaults Do not read any defaults file
--defaults-file=... Read only this configuration file, do not read the
standard system-wide and user-specific files
--defaults-extra-file=... Read this configuration file in addition to the
standard system-wide and user-specific files
Using: @{[join ' ', @defaults_options]}
--example Give an example of a config file with extra information.
--help Print this help and exit.
--log=... Log file. Full path to and the name for the log file. NOTE:
If the file exists, everything will be appended.
Using: $opt_log
--mysqladmin=... mysqladmin binary to be used for a server shutdown.
Since version 2.10 this can be given within groups [mysqld#]
Using: $mysqladmin
--mysqld=... mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can give mysqld_safe
to this option also. The options are passed to mysqld. Just
make sure you have mysqld in your PATH or fix mysqld_safe.
Using: $mysqld
Please note: Since mysqld_multi version 2.3 you can also
give this option inside groups [mysqld#] in ~/.my.cnf,
where '#' stands for an integer (number) of the group in
question. This will be recognised as a special option and
will not be passed to the mysqld. This will allow one to
start different mysqld versions with mysqld_multi.
--no-log Print to stdout instead of the log file. By default the log
file is turned on.
--password=... Password for mysqladmin user.
--silent Disable warnings.
--tcp-ip Connect to the MySQL server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead
of the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting.
If a socket file is missing, the server may still be
running, but can be accessed only via the TCP/IP port.
By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket.
--user=... mysqladmin user. Using: $opt_user
--verbose Be more verbose.
--version Print the version number and exit.
EOF
exit(0);
}