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#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# mysqlreport v3.5 Apr 16 2008
# http://hackmysql.com/mysqlreport

# mysqlreport makes an easy-to-read report of important MySQL status values.
# Copyright 2006-2008 Daniel Nichter
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# The GNU General Public License is available at:
# http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html

use strict;
use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
use DBI;
use Getopt::Long;
eval { require Term::ReadKey; };
my $RK = ($@ ? 0 : 1);

sub have_op;

my $WIN = ($^O eq 'MSWin32' ? 1 : 0);
my %op;
my %mycnf; # ~/.my.cnf
my ($tmpfile_fh, $tmpfile);
my ($stat_name, $stat_val, $stat_label);
my $MySQL_version;
my (%stats, %vars); # SHOW STATUS, SHOW VARIABLES
my (%DMS_vals, %Com_vals, %ib_vals);
my ($dbh, $query);
my ($questions, $key_read_ratio, $key_write_ratio, $dms, $slow_query_t);
my ($key_cache_block_size, $key_buffer_used, $key_buffer_usage);
my ($qc_mem_used, $qc_hi_r, $qc_ip_r); # Query Cache
my $have_innodb_vals;
my ($ib_bp_used, $ib_bp_total, $ib_bp_read_ratio);
my ($relative_live, $relative_infiles);
my $real_uptime;
my (%stats_present, %stats_past); # For relative reports
      
GetOptions (
   \%op,
   "user=s",
   "password:s",
   "host=s",
   "port=s",
   "socket=s",
   "no-mycnf",
   "infile|in=s",
   "outfile=s",
   "flush-status",
   "email=s",
   "r|relative:i",
   "c|report-count=i",
   "detach",
   "help|?",
   "debug"
);

show_help_and_exit() if $op{'help'};

get_user_mycnf() unless $op{'no-mycnf'};

# Command line options override ~/.my.cnf
$mycnf{'host'}   = $op{'host'}   if have_op 'host';
$mycnf{'port'}   = $op{'port'}   if have_op 'port';
$mycnf{'socket'} = $op{'socket'} if have_op 'socket'; 
$mycnf{'user'}   = $op{'user'}   if have_op 'user';

$mycnf{'user'} ||= $ENV{'USER'};

if(exists $op{'password'})
{
   if($op{'password'} eq '') # Prompt for password
   {
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode(2) if $RK;
      print "Password for database user $mycnf{'user'}: ";
      chomp($mycnf{'pass'} = <STDIN>);
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode(0), print "\n" if $RK;
   }
   else { $mycnf{'pass'} = $op{'password'}; } # Use password given on command line
}

$op{'com'} ||= 3;
$op{'c'}   ||= 1; # Used in collect_reports() if --r given integer value

$relative_live    = 0;
$relative_infiles = 0;

if(defined $op{'r'})
{
   if($op{r}) { $relative_live    = 1; }  # if -r was given an integer value
   else       { $relative_infiles = 1; }
}

# The report is written to a tmp file first.
# Later it will be moved to $op{'outfile'} or emailed $op{'email'} if needed.
($tmpfile_fh, $tmpfile) = tempfile() or die "Cannot open temporary file for writing: $!\n";

if($op{'detach'})
{
   $SIG{'TERM'} = 'sig_handler';

   if(fork())
   {
      print "mysqlreport has forked and detached.\n";
      print "While running detached, mysqlreport writes reports to '$tmpfile'.\n";

      exit;
   }

   open(STDIN, "</dev/null");
   open(STDOUT, "> $tmpfile") or die "Cannot dup STDOUT: $!\n";
   open(STDERR, "> $tmpfile") or die "Cannot dup STDERR: $!\n";
}

select $tmpfile_fh;
$| = 1 if ($op{'detach'} || $relative_live);

print "tmp file: $tmpfile\n" if $op{debug};

# Connect to MySQL
if(!$op{'infile'} && !$relative_infiles)
{
   connect_to_MySQL();
}

$have_innodb_vals = 1; # This might be set to 0 later in get_MySQL_version()

if(defined $op{'r'})
{
   if($relative_live)
   { 
      print STDERR "mysqlreport is writing relative reports to '$tmpfile'.\n" unless $op{'detach'}; 
      get_MySQL_version();
      collect_reports();
   }

   if($relative_infiles) { read_relative_infiles(); }
}
else
{
   if(!$op{'infile'})
   {
      get_MySQL_version();
      get_vals();
      get_vars();
   }
   else
   {
      read_infile($op{'infile'});
   }

   get_Com_values();

   set_myisam_vals();
   set_ib_vals() if $have_innodb_vals;

   write_report();
}

exit_tasks_and_cleanup();

exit;

#
# Subroutines
#
sub show_help_and_exit
{
   print <<"HELP";
mysqlreport v3.5 Apr 16 2008
mysqlreport makes an easy-to-read report of important MySQL status values.

Command line options (abbreviations work):
   --user USER       Connect to MySQL as USER
   --password PASS   Use PASS or prompt for MySQL user's password
   --host ADDRESS    Connect to MySQL at ADDRESS
   --port PORT       Connect to MySQL at PORT
   --socket SOCKET   Connect to MySQL at SOCKET
   --no-mycnf        Don't read ~/.my.cnf
   --infile FILE     Read status values from FILE instead of MySQL
   --outfile FILE    Write report to FILE
   --email ADDRESS   Email report to ADDRESS (doesn't work on Windows)
   --flush-status    Issue FLUSH STATUS; after getting current values
   --relative X      Generate relative reports. If X is an integer,
                     reports are live from the MySQL server X seconds apart.
                     If X is a list of infiles (file1 file2 etc.),
                     reports are generated from the infiles in the order
                     that they are given.
   --report-count N  Collect N number of live relative reports (default 1)
   --detach          Fork and detach from terminal (run in background)
   --help            Prints this
   --debug           Print debugging information

Visit http://hackmysql.com/mysqlreport for more information.
HELP

   exit;
}

sub get_user_mycnf
{
   print "get_user_mycnf\n" if $op{debug};

   return if $WIN;
   open MYCNF, "$ENV{HOME}/.my.cnf" or return;
   while(<MYCNF>)
   {
      if(/^(.+?)\s*=\s*"?(.+?)"?\s*$/)
      {
         $mycnf{$1} = $2;
         print "get_user_mycnf: read '$1 = $2'\n" if $op{debug};
      }
   }
   $mycnf{'pass'} ||= $mycnf{'password'} if exists $mycnf{'password'};
   close MYCNF;
}

sub connect_to_MySQL
{
   print "connect_to_MySQL\n" if $op{debug};

   my $dsn;

   if($mycnf{'socket'} && -S $mycnf{'socket'})
   {
      $dsn = "DBI:mysql:mysql_socket=$mycnf{socket}";
   }
   elsif($mycnf{'host'})
   {
      $dsn = "DBI:mysql:host=$mycnf{host}" . ($mycnf{port} ? ";port=$mycnf{port}" : "");
   }
   else
   {
      $dsn = "DBI:mysql:host=localhost";
   }

   print "connect_to_MySQL: DBI DSN: $dsn\n" if $op{debug};

   $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $mycnf{'user'}, $mycnf{'pass'}) or die;
}

sub collect_reports
{
   print "collect_reports\n" if $op{debug};

   my $i;

   get_vals();
   get_vars();

   get_Com_values();

   %stats_past = %stats;

   set_myisam_vals();
   set_ib_vals() if $have_innodb_vals;

   print "#\n# Beginning report, 0 0:0:0\n#\n";

   write_report();

   for($i = 0; $i < $op{'c'}; $i++)
   {
      $dbh->disconnect();

      sleep($op{'r'});

      connect_to_MySQL();

      print "\n#\n# Interval report " , $i + 1 , ", +", sec_to_dhms(($i + 1) * $op{'r'}), "\n#\n";

      get_vals();

      write_relative_report();
   }
}

sub read_relative_infiles
{
   print "read_relative_infiles\n" if $op{debug};

   my $slurp;    # Used to check infiles for multiple sets of status values
   my $n_stats;  # Number of multiple sets of status values in an infile
   my $infile;
   my $report_n; # Report number

   $report_n = 1;

   foreach $infile (@ARGV)
   {
      # Read all of infile into $slurp
      open INFILE, "< $infile" or warn and next;
      $slurp = do { local $/;  <INFILE> };
      close INFILE;

      $n_stats = 0;

      # Count number of status value sets
      $n_stats++ while $slurp =~ /Aborted_clients/g;

      print "read_relative_infiles: found $n_stats sets of status values in file '$infile'\n"
         if $op{debug};

      if($n_stats == 1)
      {
         read_infile($infile);
         relative_infile_report($report_n++);
      }

      if($n_stats > 1)
      {
         my @tmpfile_fh;
         my @tmpfile_name;
         my $i;
         my $stat_n;  # Status value set number

         # Create a tmp file for each set of status values
         for($i = 0; $i < $n_stats; $i++)
         {
            my ($fh, $name) = tempfile()
               or die "read_relative_infiles: cannot open temporary file for writing: $!\n";

            push(@tmpfile_fh, $fh);
            push(@tmpfile_name, $name);

            print "read_relative_infiles: created tmp file '$name' for set $i\n" if $op{debug};
         }

         $i = 0;
         $stat_n = 0;

         select $tmpfile_fh[$i];

         # Read infile again and copy each set of status values to seperate tmp files
         open INFILE, "< $infile" or warn and next;
         while(<INFILE>)
         {
            next if /^\+/;
            next if /^$/;

            # The infile must begin with the system variable values.
            # Therefore, the first occurance of Aborted_clients indicates the beginning
            # of the first set of status values if no sets have occured yet ($stat_n == 0).
            # In this case, the following status values are printed to the current fh,
            # along with the system variable values read thus far, until Aborted_clients
            # occurs again. Then begins the second and subsequent sets of status values.

            if(/Aborted_clients/)
            {
               print and next if $stat_n++ == 0;
               select $tmpfile_fh[++$i];
            }

            print;
         }
         close INFILE;

         # Re-select the main tmp file into which the reports are being written.
         select $tmpfile_fh;

         for($i = 0; $i < $n_stats; $i++)
         {
            close $tmpfile_fh[$i];

            print "read_relative_infiles: reading set $i tmp file '$tmpfile_name[$i]'\n"
               if $op{debug};

            read_infile($tmpfile_name[$i]);
            relative_infile_report($report_n++);

            if($WIN) { `del $tmpfile_name[$i]`;   }
            else     { `rm -f $tmpfile_name[$i]`; }

            print "read_relative_infiles: deleted set $i tmp file '$tmpfile_name[$i]'\n"
               if $op{debug};
         }

      } # if($n_stats > 1)
   } # foreach $infile (@files)
}

sub relative_infile_report
{
   print "relative_infile_report\n" if $op{debug};

   my $report_n = shift;

   if($report_n == 1)
   {
      get_Com_values();

      %stats_past = %stats;

      set_myisam_vals();
      set_ib_vals() if $have_innodb_vals;

      print "#\n# Beginning report, 0 0:0:0\n#\n";

      write_report();
   }
   else
   {
      print "\n#\n# Interval report ", $report_n - 1, ", +",
         sec_to_dhms($stats{Uptime} - $stats_past{Uptime}),
         "\n#\n";

      write_relative_report();
   }
}

sub get_vals
{
   print "get_vals\n" if $op{debug};

   my @row;

   # Get status values
   if($MySQL_version >= 50002)
   {
      $query = $dbh->prepare("SHOW GLOBAL STATUS;");
   }
   else
   {
      $query = $dbh->prepare("SHOW STATUS;");
   }
   $query->execute();
   while(@row = $query->fetchrow_array()) { $stats{$row[0]} = $row[1]; }

   $real_uptime = $stats{'Uptime'};
}

sub get_vars
{
   print "get_vars\n" if $op{debug};

   my @row;

   # Get server system variables
   $query = $dbh->prepare("SHOW VARIABLES;");
   $query->execute();
   while(@row = $query->fetchrow_array()) { $vars{$row[0]} = $row[1]; }

   # table_cache was renamed to table_open_cache in MySQL 5.1.3
   if($MySQL_version >= 50103)
   {
      $vars{'table_cache'} = $vars{'table_open_cache'};
   }
}

sub read_infile
{
   print "read_infile\n" if $op{debug};

   my $infile = shift;

   # Default required system variable values if not set in INFILE.
   # As of mysqlreport v3.5 the direct output from SHOW VARIABLES;
   # can be put into INFILE instead. See http://hackmysql.com/mysqlreportdoc
   # for details.
   $vars{'version'} = "0.0.0"         if !exists $vars{'version'};
   $vars{'table_cache'} = 64          if !exists $vars{'table_cache'};
   $vars{'max_connections'} = 100     if !exists $vars{'max_connections'};
   $vars{'key_buffer_size'} = 8388600 if !exists $vars{'key_buffer_size'}; # 8M
   $vars{'thread_cache_size'} = 0     if !exists $vars{'thread_cache_size'}; 
   $vars{'tmp_table_size'} = 0        if !exists $vars{'tmp_table_size'};
   $vars{'long_query_time'} = '?'     if !exists $vars{'long_query_time'};
   $vars{'log_slow_queries'} = '?'    if !exists $vars{'log_slow_queries'};

   # One should also add:
   #    key_cache_block_size
   #    query_cache_size
   # to INFILE if needed.

   open INFILE, "< $infile" or die "Cannot open INFILE '$infile': $!\n";

   while(<INFILE>)
   {
      last if !defined $_;

      next if /^\+/;  # skip divider lines 
      next if /^$/;   # skip blank lines

      next until /(Aborted_clients|back_log|=)/;

      if($1 eq 'Aborted_clients')  # status values
      {
         print "read_infile: start stats\n" if $op{debug};

         while($_)
         {
            chomp;
            if(/([A-Za-z_]+)[\s\t|]+(\d+)/)
            {
               $stats{$1} = $2;
               print "read_infile: save $1 = $2\n" if $op{debug};
            }
            else { print "read_infile: ignore '$_'\n" if $op{debug}; }

            last if $1 eq 'Uptime';  # exit while() if end of status values
            $_ = <INFILE>; # otherwise, read next line of status values
         }
      }
      elsif($1 eq  'back_log')  # system variable values
      {
         print "read_infile: start vars\n" if $op{debug};

         while($_)
         {
            chomp;
            if(/([A-Za-z_]+)[\s\t|]+([\w\.\-]+)/)  # This will exclude some vars
            {                                      # like pid_file which we don't need
               $vars{$1} = $2;
               print "read_infile: save $1 = $2\n" if $op{debug};
            }
            else { print "read_infile: ignore '$_'\n" if $op{debug}; }

            last if $1 eq 'wait_timeout';  # exit while() if end of vars
            $_ = <INFILE>; # otherwise, read next line of vars
         }
      }
      elsif($1 eq '=')  # old style, manually added system variable values
      {
         print "read_infile: start old vars\n" if $op{debug};

         while($_ && $_ =~ /=/)
         {
            chomp;
            if(/^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s*([0-9.]+)(M*)\s*$/)  # e.g.: key_buffer_size = 128M
            {
               $vars{$1} = ($3 ? $2 * 1024 * 1024 : $2);
               print "read_infile: read '$_' as $1 = $vars{$1}\n" if $op{debug};
            }
            else { print "read_infile: ignore '$_'\n" if $op{debug}; }

            $_ = <INFILE>; # otherwise, read next line of old vars
         }

         redo;
      }
      else
      {
         print "read_infile: unrecognized line: '$_'\n" if $op{debug};
      }
   }

   close INFILE;

   $real_uptime = $stats{'Uptime'};

   $vars{'table_cache'} = $vars{'table_open_cache'} if exists $vars{'table_open_cache'};

   get_MySQL_version();
}

sub get_MySQL_version
{
   print "get_MySQL_version\n" if $op{debug};

   return if $MySQL_version;

   my ($major, $minor, $patch);

   if($op{'infile'} || $relative_infiles)
   {
      ($major, $minor, $patch) = ($vars{'version'} =~ /(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})/);
   }
   else
   {
      my @row;

      $query = $dbh->prepare("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version';");
      $query->execute();
      @row = $query->fetchrow_array();
      ($major, $minor, $patch) = ($row[1] =~ /(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})/);
   }

   $MySQL_version = sprintf("%d%02d%02d", $major, $minor, $patch);

   # Innodb_ status values were added in 5.0.2
   if($MySQL_version < 50002)
   {
      $have_innodb_vals = 0;
      print "get_MySQL_version: no InnoDB reports because MySQL version is older than 5.0.2\n" if $op{debug};
   }
}

sub set_myisam_vals
{
   print "set_myisam_vals\n" if $op{debug};

   $questions = $stats{'Questions'};

   $key_read_ratio = sprintf "%.2f",
                     ($stats{'Key_read_requests'} ?
                      100 - ($stats{'Key_reads'} / $stats{'Key_read_requests'}) * 100 :
                      0);

   $key_write_ratio = sprintf "%.2f",
                      ($stats{'Key_write_requests'} ?
                       100 - ($stats{'Key_writes'} / $stats{'Key_write_requests'}) * 100 :
                       0);

   $key_cache_block_size = (defined $vars{'key_cache_block_size'} ?
                            $vars{'key_cache_block_size'} :
                            1024);

   $key_buffer_used = $stats{'Key_blocks_used'} * $key_cache_block_size;

   if(defined $stats{'Key_blocks_unused'}) # MySQL 4.1.2+
   {
      $key_buffer_usage =  $vars{'key_buffer_size'} -
                           ($stats{'Key_blocks_unused'} * $key_cache_block_size);
   }
   else { $key_buffer_usage = -1; }

   # Data Manipulation Statements: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-manipulation.html
   %DMS_vals =
   (
      SELECT  => $stats{'Com_select'},
      INSERT  => $stats{'Com_insert'}  + $stats{'Com_insert_select'},
      REPLACE => $stats{'Com_replace'} + $stats{'Com_replace_select'},
      UPDATE  => $stats{'Com_update'}  +
                 (exists $stats{'Com_update_multi'} ? $stats{'Com_update_multi'} : 0),
      DELETE  => $stats{'Com_delete'}  +
                 (exists $stats{'Com_delete_multi'} ? $stats{'Com_delete_multi'} : 0)
   );

   $dms = $DMS_vals{SELECT} + $DMS_vals{INSERT} + $DMS_vals{REPLACE} + $DMS_vals{UPDATE} + $DMS_vals{DELETE};

   $slow_query_t = format_u_time($vars{long_query_time});

}

sub set_ib_vals
{
   print "set_ib_vals\n" if $op{debug};

   $ib_bp_used  = ($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'} -
                   $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free'}) *
                   $stats{'Innodb_page_size'};

   $ib_bp_total = $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'} * $stats{'Innodb_page_size'};

   $ib_bp_read_ratio = sprintf "%.2f",
                       ($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests'} ?
                        100 - ($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_reads'} /
                           $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests'}) * 100 :
                        0);
}

sub write_relative_report
{
   print "write_relative_report\n" if $op{debug};

   %stats_present = %stats;

   for(keys %stats)
   {
      if($stats_past{$_} =~ /\d+/)
      {
         if($stats_present{$_} >= $stats_past{$_}) # Avoid negative values
         {
            $stats{$_} = $stats_present{$_} - $stats_past{$_};
         }
      }
   }

   # These values are either "at present" or "high water marks".
   # Therefore, it is more logical to not relativize these values.
   # Doing otherwise causes strange and misleading values.
   $stats{'Key_blocks_used'}      = $stats_present{'Key_blocks_used'};
   $stats{'Open_tables'}          = $stats_present{'Open_tables'};
   $stats{'Max_used_connections'} = $stats_present{'Max_used_connections'};
   $stats{'Threads_running'}      = $stats_present{'Threads_running'};
   $stats{'Threads_connected'}    = $stats_present{'Threads_connected'};
   $stats{'Threads_cached'}       = $stats_present{'Threads_cached'};
   $stats{'Qcache_free_blocks'}   = $stats_present{'Qcache_free_blocks'};
   $stats{'Qcache_total_blocks'}  = $stats_present{'Qcache_total_blocks'};
   $stats{'Qcache_free_memory'}   = $stats_present{'Qcache_free_memory'};
   if($have_innodb_vals)
   {
      $stats{'Innodb_page_size'}                 = $stats_present{'Innodb_page_size'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data'}    = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty'}   = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free'}    = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'} = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc'}    = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc'};
      $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'}   = $stats_present{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'};
      $stats{'Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs'}       = $stats_present{'Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs'};
      $stats{'Innodb_data_pending_reads'}        = $stats_present{'Innodb_data_pending_reads'};
      $stats{'Innodb_data_pending_writes'}       = $stats_present{'Innodb_data_pending_writes'};

      # Innodb_row_lock_ values were added in MySQL 5.0.3
      if($MySQL_version >= 50003)
      {
         $stats{'Innodb_row_lock_current_waits'} = $stats_present{'Innodb_row_lock_current_waits'};
         $stats{'Innodb_row_lock_time_avg'}      = $stats_present{'Innodb_row_lock_time_avg'};
         $stats{'Innodb_row_lock_time_max'}      = $stats_present{'Innodb_row_lock_time_max'};
      }
   }

   get_Com_values();

   %stats_past = %stats_present;

   set_myisam_vals();
   set_ib_vals() if $have_innodb_vals;

   write_report();
}

sub write_report
{
   print "write_report\n" if $op{debug};

   $~ = 'MYSQL_TIME', write;
   $~ = 'KEY_BUFF_MAX', write;
   if($key_buffer_usage != -1) { $~ = 'KEY_BUFF_USAGE', write }
   $~ = 'KEY_RATIOS', write;
   write_DTQ();
   $~ = 'SLOW_DMS', write;
   write_DMS();
   write_Com();
   $~ = 'SAS', write; 
   write_qcache(); 
   $~ = 'REPORT_END', write;
   $~ = 'TAB', write;

   write_InnoDB() if $have_innodb_vals;
}

sub sec_to_dhms # Seconds to days hours:minutes:seconds
{
   my $s = shift;
   my ($d, $h, $m) = (0, 0, 0);

   return '0 0:0:0' if $s <= 0;

   if($s >= 86400)
   {
      $d = int $s / 86400;
      $s -= $d * 86400;
   }

   if($s >= 3600)
   {
     $h = int $s / 3600;
     $s -= $h * 3600;
   }
   
   $m = int $s / 60;
   $s -= $m * 60;
   
   return "$d $h:$m:$s";
}

sub make_short
{
   my ($number, $kb, $d) = @_;
   my $n = 0;
   my $short;

   $d ||= 2;

   if($kb) { while ($number > 1023) { $number /= 1024; $n++; }; }
   else { while ($number > 999) { $number /= 1000; $n++; }; }

   $short = sprintf "%.${d}f%s", $number, ('','k','M','G','T')[$n];
   if($short =~ /^(.+)\.(00)$/) { return $1; } # 12.00 -> 12 but not 12.00k -> 12k

   return $short;
}

# What began as a simple but great idea has become the new standard:
# long_query_time in microseconds. For MySQL 5.1.21+ and 6.0.4+ this
# is now standard. For 4.1 and 5.0 patches, the architects of this
# idea provide: http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/mysql-patches/
# Relevant notes in MySQL manual:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/slow-query-log.html
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/6.0/en/slow-query-log.html
#
# The format_u_time sub simply beautifies long_query_time.

sub format_u_time  # format microsecond (�) time value
{
   # 0.000000 - 0.000999 = 0 - 999 �
   # 0.001000 - 0.999999 = 1 ms - 999.999 ms
   # 1.000000 - n.nnnnnn = 1 s - n.nnnnn s

   my $t = shift;
   my $f;  # formatted � time
   my $u = chr(($WIN ? 230 : 181));

   $t = 0 if $t < 0;

   if($t > 0 && $t <= 0.000999)
   {
      $f = ($t * 1000000) . " $u";
   }
   elsif($t >= 0.001000 && $t <= 0.999999)
   {
      $f = ($t * 1000) . ' ms';
   }
   elsif($t >= 1)
   {
      $f = ($t * 1) . ' s';  # * 1 to remove insignificant zeros
   }
   else
   {
      $f = 0;  # $t should = 0 at this point
   }

   return $f;
}

sub perc # Percentage
{
   my($is, $of) = @_;
   $is = 0 if (not defined $is);
   return sprintf "%.2f", ($is * 100) / ($of ||= 1);
}

sub t # Time average per second
{
   my $val = shift;
   return 0 if !$val;
   return(make_short($val / $stats{'Uptime'}, 0, 1));
}

sub email_report # Email given report to $op{'email'}
{
   print "email_report\n" if $op{debug};

   return if $WIN;

   my $report = shift;

   open SENDMAIL, "|/usr/sbin/sendmail -t";
   print SENDMAIL "From: mysqlreport\n";
   print SENDMAIL "To: $op{email}\n";
   print SENDMAIL "Subject: MySQL status report on " . ($mycnf{'host'} || 'localhost') . "\n\n";
   print SENDMAIL `cat $report`;
   close SENDMAIL;
}

sub cat_report # Print given report to screen
{
   print "cat_report\n" if $op{debug};

   my $report = shift;
   my @report;

   open REPORT, "< $report";
   @report = <REPORT>;
   close REPORT;
   print @report;
}

sub get_Com_values
{
   print "get_Com_values\n" if $op{debug};

   %Com_vals = ();

   # Make copy of just the Com_ values
   for(keys %stats)
   {
      if(grep /^Com_/, $_ and $stats{$_} > 0)
      {
         /^Com_(.*)/;
         $Com_vals{$1} = $stats{$_};
      }
   }

   # Remove DMS values
   delete $Com_vals{'select'};
   delete $Com_vals{'insert'};
   delete $Com_vals{'insert_select'};
   delete $Com_vals{'replace'};
   delete $Com_vals{'replace_select'};
   delete $Com_vals{'update'};
   delete $Com_vals{'update_multi'} if exists $Com_vals{'update_multi'};
   delete $Com_vals{'delete'};
   delete $Com_vals{'delete_multi'} if exists $Com_vals{'delete_multi'};
}

sub write_DTQ # Write DTQ report in descending order by values
{
   print "write_DTQ\n" if $op{debug};

   $~ = 'DTQ';

   my %DTQ;
   my $first = 1;

   # Total Com values
   $stat_val = 0;
   for(values %Com_vals) { $stat_val += $_; }
   $DTQ{'Com_'} = $stat_val;

   $DTQ{'DMS'}      = $dms;
   $DTQ{'QC Hits'}  = $stats{'Qcache_hits'} if $stats{'Qcache_hits'} != 0;
   $DTQ{'COM_QUIT'} = int (($stats{'Connections'} - 2) - ($stats{'Aborted_clients'} / 2));

   $stat_val = 0;
   for(values %DTQ) { $stat_val += $_; }
   if($questions != $stat_val)
   {
      $DTQ{($questions > $stat_val ? '+Unknown' : '-Unknown')} = abs $questions - $stat_val;
   }

   for(sort { $DTQ{$b} <=> $DTQ{$a} } keys(%DTQ))
   {
      if($first) { $stat_label = '%Total:'; $first = 0; }
      else       { $stat_label = ''; }

      $stat_name = $_;
      $stat_val  = $DTQ{$_};
      write;
   }
}

sub write_DMS # Write DMS report in descending order by values
{
   print "write_DMS\n" if $op{debug};

   $~ = 'DMS';

   for(sort { $DMS_vals{$b} <=> $DMS_vals{$a} } keys(%DMS_vals))
   {
      $stat_name = $_;
      $stat_val  = $DMS_vals{$_};
      write;
   }
}

sub write_Com # Write COM report in descending order by values
{
   print "write_Com\n" if $op{debug};

   my $i = $op{'com'};

   $~ = 'COM_1';

   # Total Com values and write first line of COM report
   $stat_label = '%Total:' unless $op{'dtq'};
   $stat_val   = 0;
   for(values %Com_vals) { $stat_val += $_; }
   write;

   $~ = 'COM_2';

   # Sort remaining Com values, print only the top $op{'com'} number of values
   for(sort { $Com_vals{$b} <=> $Com_vals{$a} } keys(%Com_vals))
   {
      $stat_name = $_;
      $stat_val  = $Com_vals{$_};
      write;

      last if !(--$i);
   }
}

sub write_qcache
{
   print "write_qcache\n" if $op{debug};

   # Query cache was added in 4.0.1, but have_query_cache was added in 4.0.2,
   # ergo this method is slightly more reliable
   return if not exists $vars{'query_cache_size'};
   return if $vars{'query_cache_size'} == 0;

   $qc_mem_used = $vars{'query_cache_size'} - $stats{'Qcache_free_memory'};
   $qc_hi_r = sprintf "%.2f", $stats{'Qcache_hits'} / ($stats{'Qcache_inserts'} ||= 1);
   $qc_ip_r = sprintf "%.2f", $stats{'Qcache_inserts'} / ($stats{'Qcache_lowmem_prunes'} ||= 1);

   $~ = 'QCACHE';
   write;
}

sub write_InnoDB
{
   print "write_InnoDB\n" if $op{debug};

   return if not defined $stats{'Innodb_page_size'};

   $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'} = 0 if not defined $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'};

   $~ = 'IB';
   write;

   # Innodb_row_lock_ values were added in MySQL 5.0.3
   if($MySQL_version >= 50003)
   {
      $~ = 'IB_LOCK';
      write;
   }

   # Data, Pages, Rows
   $~ = 'IB_DPR';
   write;
}

sub have_op
{
   my $key = shift;
   return 1 if (exists $op{$key} && $op{$key} ne '');
   return 0;
}

sub sig_handler
{
   print "\nReceived signal at " , scalar localtime , "\n";
   exit_tasks_and_cleanup();
   exit;
}

sub exit_tasks_and_cleanup
{
   print "exit_tasks_and_cleanup\n" if $op{debug};

   close $tmpfile_fh;
   select STDOUT unless $op{'detach'};

   email_report($tmpfile) if $op{'email'};

   cat_report($tmpfile) unless $op{'detach'};

   if($op{'outfile'})
   {
      if($WIN) { `move $tmpfile $op{outfile}`; }
      else     { `mv $tmpfile $op{outfile}`;   }
   }
   else
   {
      if($WIN) { `del $tmpfile`;   }
      else     { `rm -f $tmpfile`; }
   }

   if(!$op{'infile'} && !$relative_infiles)
   {
      if($op{'flush-status'})
      {
         $query = $dbh->prepare("FLUSH STATUS;");
         $query->execute();
      }

      $query->finish();
      $dbh->disconnect();
   }
}

#
# Formats
#

format MYSQL_TIME =
MySQL @<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<  uptime @<<<<<<<<<<<   @>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
$vars{'version'}, sec_to_dhms($real_uptime), (($op{infile} || $relative_infiles) ? '' : scalar localtime)
.

format KEY_BUFF_MAX =

__ Key _________________________________________________________________
Buffer used   @>>>>>> of @>>>>>>  %Used: @>>>>>
make_short($key_buffer_used, 1), make_short($vars{'key_buffer_size'}, 1), perc($key_buffer_used, $vars{'key_buffer_size'})
.

format KEY_BUFF_USAGE =
  Current     @>>>>>>            %Usage: @>>>>>
make_short($key_buffer_usage, 1), perc($key_buffer_usage, $vars{'key_buffer_size'})
.

format KEY_RATIOS =
Write hit     @>>>>>%
$key_write_ratio
Read hit      @>>>>>%
$key_read_ratio

__ Questions ___________________________________________________________
Total       @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($questions), t($questions)
.

format DTQ =
  @<<<<<<<  @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s  @>>>>>> @>>>>>
$stat_name, make_short($stat_val), t($stat_val), $stat_label, perc($stat_val, $questions)
.

format SLOW_DMS =
Slow @<<<<<<< @>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>  %DMS: @>>>>>  Log: @>> 
$slow_query_t, make_short($stats{'Slow_queries'}), t($stats{'Slow_queries'}), perc($stats{'Slow_queries'}, $questions), perc($stats{'Slow_queries'}, $dms), $vars{'log_slow_queries'}
DMS         @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($dms), t($dms), perc($dms, $questions)
.

format DMS =
  @<<<<<<<  @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>        @>>>>>
$stat_name, make_short($stat_val), t($stat_val), perc($stat_val, $questions), perc($stat_val, $dms)
.

format COM_1 =
Com_        @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stat_val), t($stat_val), perc($stat_val, $questions)
.

format COM_2 =
  @<<<<<<<<<< @>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>
$stat_name, make_short($stat_val), t($stat_val), perc($stat_val, $questions)
.

format SAS =

__ SELECT and Sort _____________________________________________________
Scan          @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s %SELECT: @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Select_scan'}), t($stats{'Select_scan'}), perc($stats{'Select_scan'}, $stats{'Com_select'})
Range         @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Select_range'}), t($stats{'Select_range'}), perc($stats{'Select_range'}, $stats{'Com_select'})
Full join     @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Select_full_join'}), t($stats{'Select_full_join'}), perc($stats{'Select_full_join'}, $stats{'Com_select'})
Range check   @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Select_range_check'}), t($stats{'Select_range_check'}), perc($stats{'Select_range_check'}, $stats{'Com_select'})
Full rng join @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Select_full_range_join'}), t($stats{'Select_full_range_join'}), perc($stats{'Select_full_range_join'}, $stats{'Com_select'})
Sort scan     @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Sort_scan'}), t($stats{'Sort_scan'})
Sort range    @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Sort_range'}), t($stats{'Sort_range'})
Sort mrg pass @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Sort_merge_passes'}), t($stats{'Sort_merge_passes'})
.

format QCACHE =

__ Query Cache _________________________________________________________
Memory usage  @>>>>>> of @>>>>>>  %Used: @>>>>>
make_short($qc_mem_used, 1), make_short($vars{'query_cache_size'}, 1), perc($qc_mem_used, $vars{'query_cache_size'})
Block Fragmnt @>>>>>%
perc($stats{'Qcache_free_blocks'}, $stats{'Qcache_total_blocks'})
Hits          @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Qcache_hits'}), t($stats{'Qcache_hits'})
Inserts       @>>>>>>   @>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Qcache_inserts'}), t($stats{'Qcache_inserts'})
Insrt:Prune @>>>>>>:1   @>>>>/s
make_short($qc_ip_r), t($stats{'Qcache_inserts'} - $stats{'Qcache_lowmem_prunes'})
Hit:Insert  @>>>>>>:1
$qc_hi_r, t($qc_hi_r)
.

# Not really the end...
format REPORT_END =

__ Table Locks _________________________________________________________
Waited      @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s  %Total: @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Table_locks_waited'}), t($stats{'Table_locks_waited'}), perc($stats{'Table_locks_waited'}, $stats{'Table_locks_waited'} + $stats{'Table_locks_immediate'});
Immediate   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Table_locks_immediate'}), t($stats{'Table_locks_immediate'})

__ Tables ______________________________________________________________
Open        @>>>>>>>> of @>>>    %Cache: @>>>>>
$stats{'Open_tables'}, $vars{'table_cache'}, perc($stats{'Open_tables'}, $vars{'table_cache'})
Opened      @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Opened_tables'}), t($stats{'Opened_tables'})

__ Connections _________________________________________________________
Max used    @>>>>>>>> of @>>>      %Max: @>>>>>
$stats{'Max_used_connections'}, $vars{'max_connections'}, perc($stats{'Max_used_connections'}, $vars{'max_connections'})
Total       @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Connections'}), t($stats{'Connections'})

__ Created Temp ________________________________________________________
Disk table  @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'}), t($stats{'Created_tmp_disk_tables'})
Table       @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s    Size: @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Created_tmp_tables'}), t($stats{'Created_tmp_tables'}), make_short($vars{'tmp_table_size'}, 1, 1)
File        @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Created_tmp_files'}), t($stats{'Created_tmp_files'})
.

format TAB =

__ Threads _____________________________________________________________
Running     @>>>>>>>> of @>>>
$stats{'Threads_running'}, $stats{'Threads_connected'}
Cached      @>>>>>>>> of @>>>      %Hit: @>>>>>
$stats{'Threads_cached'}, $vars{'thread_cache_size'}, make_short(100 - perc($stats{'Threads_created'}, $stats{'Connections'}))
Created     @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Threads_created'}), t($stats{'Threads_created'})
Slow        @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
$stats{'Slow_launch_threads'}, t($stats{'Slow_launch_threads'})

__ Aborted _____________________________________________________________
Clients     @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Aborted_clients'}), t($stats{'Aborted_clients'})
Connects    @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Aborted_connects'}), t($stats{'Aborted_connects'})

__ Bytes _______________________________________________________________
Sent        @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Bytes_sent'}), t($stats{'Bytes_sent'})
Received    @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Bytes_received'}), t($stats{'Bytes_received'})
.

format IB =

__ InnoDB Buffer Pool __________________________________________________
Usage         @>>>>>> of @>>>>>>  %Used: @>>>>>
make_short($ib_bp_used, 1), make_short($ib_bp_total, 1), perc($ib_bp_used, $ib_bp_total)
Read hit      @>>>>>%
$ib_bp_read_ratio;
Pages
  Free      @>>>>>>>>            %Total: @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free'}), perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'})
  Data      @>>>>>>>>                    @>>>>> %Drty: @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data'}), perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'}), perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data'})
  Misc      @>>>>>>>>                    @>>>>>
  $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc'}, perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'})
  Latched   @>>>>>>>>                    @>>>>>
$stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'}, perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_latched'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total'})
Reads       @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s  
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests'}), t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests'})
  From file @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s          @>>>>>
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_reads'}), t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_reads'}), perc($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_reads'}, $stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests'})
  Ahead Rnd @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
$stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd'}, t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd'})
  Ahead Sql @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
$stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq'}, t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq'})
Writes      @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests'}), t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests'})
Flushes     @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed'}), t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed'})
Wait Free   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
$stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free'}, t($stats{'Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free'})
.

format IB_LOCK =

__ InnoDB Lock _________________________________________________________
Waits       @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
$stats{'Innodb_row_lock_waits'}, t($stats{'Innodb_row_lock_waits'})
Current     @>>>>>>>>
$stats{'Innodb_row_lock_current_waits'}
Time acquiring
  Total     @>>>>>>>> ms
$stats{'Innodb_row_lock_time'}
  Average   @>>>>>>>> ms
$stats{'Innodb_row_lock_time_avg'}
  Max       @>>>>>>>> ms
$stats{'Innodb_row_lock_time_max'}
.

format IB_DPR =

__ InnoDB Data, Pages, Rows ____________________________________________
Data
  Reads     @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_data_reads'}), t($stats{'Innodb_data_reads'})
  Writes    @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_data_writes'}), t($stats{'Innodb_data_writes'})
  fsync     @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_data_fsyncs'}), t($stats{'Innodb_data_fsyncs'})
  Pending
    Reads   @>>>>>>>>
$stats{'Innodb_data_pending_reads'}, t($stats{'Innodb_data_pending_reads'})
    Writes  @>>>>>>>>
$stats{'Innodb_data_pending_writes'}, t($stats{'Innodb_data_pending_writes'})
    fsync   @>>>>>>>>
$stats{'Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs'}, t($stats{'Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs'})

Pages
  Created   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_pages_created'}), t($stats{'Innodb_pages_created'})
  Read      @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_pages_read'}), t($stats{'Innodb_pages_read'})
  Written   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_pages_written'}), t($stats{'Innodb_pages_written'})

Rows
  Deleted   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_rows_deleted'}), t($stats{'Innodb_rows_deleted'})
  Inserted  @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_rows_inserted'}), t($stats{'Innodb_rows_inserted'})
  Read      @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_rows_read'}), t($stats{'Innodb_rows_read'})
  Updated   @>>>>>>>>  @>>>>>/s
make_short($stats{'Innodb_rows_updated'}), t($stats{'Innodb_rows_updated'})
.
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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