Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-60/include/drm/drm_atomic.h
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Red Hat
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Intel Corp.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
 * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
 * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Authors:
 * Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com>
 * Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
 */

#ifndef DRM_ATOMIC_H_
#define DRM_ATOMIC_H_

#include <drm/drm_crtc.h>
#include <drm/drm_util.h>

/**
 * struct drm_crtc_commit - track modeset commits on a CRTC
 *
 * This structure is used to track pending modeset changes and atomic commit on
 * a per-CRTC basis. Since updating the list should never block, this structure
 * is reference counted to allow waiters to safely wait on an event to complete,
 * without holding any locks.
 *
 * It has 3 different events in total to allow a fine-grained synchronization
 * between outstanding updates::
 *
 *	atomic commit thread			hardware
 *
 * 	write new state into hardware	---->	...
 * 	signal hw_done
 * 						switch to new state on next
 * 	...					v/hblank
 *
 *	wait for buffers to show up		...
 *
 *	...					send completion irq
 *						irq handler signals flip_done
 *	cleanup old buffers
 *
 * 	signal cleanup_done
 *
 * 	wait for flip_done		<----
 * 	clean up atomic state
 *
 * The important bit to know is that &cleanup_done is the terminal event, but the
 * ordering between &flip_done and &hw_done is entirely up to the specific driver
 * and modeset state change.
 *
 * For an implementation of how to use this look at
 * drm_atomic_helper_setup_commit() from the atomic helper library.
 *
 * See also drm_crtc_commit_wait().
 */
struct drm_crtc_commit {
	/**
	 * @crtc:
	 *
	 * DRM CRTC for this commit.
	 */
	struct drm_crtc *crtc;

	/**
	 * @ref:
	 *
	 * Reference count for this structure. Needed to allow blocking on
	 * completions without the risk of the completion disappearing
	 * meanwhile.
	 */
	struct kref ref;

	/**
	 * @flip_done:
	 *
	 * Will be signaled when the hardware has flipped to the new set of
	 * buffers. Signals at the same time as when the drm event for this
	 * commit is sent to userspace, or when an out-fence is singalled. Note
	 * that for most hardware, in most cases this happens after @hw_done is
	 * signalled.
	 *
	 * Completion of this stage is signalled implicitly by calling
	 * drm_crtc_send_vblank_event() on &drm_crtc_state.event.
	 */
	struct completion flip_done;

	/**
	 * @hw_done:
	 *
	 * Will be signalled when all hw register changes for this commit have
	 * been written out. Especially when disabling a pipe this can be much
	 * later than @flip_done, since that can signal already when the
	 * screen goes black, whereas to fully shut down a pipe more register
	 * I/O is required.
	 *
	 * Note that this does not need to include separately reference-counted
	 * resources like backing storage buffer pinning, or runtime pm
	 * management.
	 *
	 * Drivers should call drm_atomic_helper_commit_hw_done() to signal
	 * completion of this stage.
	 */
	struct completion hw_done;

	/**
	 * @cleanup_done:
	 *
	 * Will be signalled after old buffers have been cleaned up by calling
	 * drm_atomic_helper_cleanup_planes(). Since this can only happen after
	 * a vblank wait completed it might be a bit later. This completion is
	 * useful to throttle updates and avoid hardware updates getting ahead
	 * of the buffer cleanup too much.
	 *
	 * Drivers should call drm_atomic_helper_commit_cleanup_done() to signal
	 * completion of this stage.
	 */
	struct completion cleanup_done;

	/**
	 * @commit_entry:
	 *
	 * Entry on the per-CRTC &drm_crtc.commit_list. Protected by
	 * $drm_crtc.commit_lock.
	 */
	struct list_head commit_entry;

	/**
	 * @event:
	 *
	 * &drm_pending_vblank_event pointer to clean up private events.
	 */
	struct drm_pending_vblank_event *event;

	/**
	 * @abort_completion:
	 *
	 * A flag that's set after drm_atomic_helper_setup_commit() takes a
	 * second reference for the completion of $drm_crtc_state.event. It's
	 * used by the free code to remove the second reference if commit fails.
	 */
	bool abort_completion;
};

struct __drm_planes_state {
	struct drm_plane *ptr;
	struct drm_plane_state *state, *old_state, *new_state;
};

struct __drm_crtcs_state {
	struct drm_crtc *ptr;
	struct drm_crtc_state *state, *old_state, *new_state;

	/**
	 * @commit:
	 *
	 * A reference to the CRTC commit object that is kept for use by
	 * drm_atomic_helper_wait_for_flip_done() after
	 * drm_atomic_helper_commit_hw_done() is called. This ensures that a
	 * concurrent commit won't free a commit object that is still in use.
	 */
	struct drm_crtc_commit *commit;

	s32 __user *out_fence_ptr;
	u64 last_vblank_count;
};

struct __drm_connnectors_state {
	struct drm_connector *ptr;
	struct drm_connector_state *state, *old_state, *new_state;
	/**
	 * @out_fence_ptr:
	 *
	 * User-provided pointer which the kernel uses to return a sync_file
	 * file descriptor. Used by writeback connectors to signal completion of
	 * the writeback.
	 */
	s32 __user *out_fence_ptr;
};

struct drm_private_obj;
struct drm_private_state;

/**
 * struct drm_private_state_funcs - atomic state functions for private objects
 *
 * These hooks are used by atomic helpers to create, swap and destroy states of
 * private objects. The structure itself is used as a vtable to identify the
 * associated private object type. Each private object type that needs to be
 * added to the atomic states is expected to have an implementation of these
 * hooks and pass a pointer to its drm_private_state_funcs struct to
 * drm_atomic_get_private_obj_state().
 */
struct drm_private_state_funcs {
	/**
	 * @atomic_duplicate_state:
	 *
	 * Duplicate the current state of the private object and return it. It
	 * is an error to call this before obj->state has been initialized.
	 *
	 * RETURNS:
	 *
	 * Duplicated atomic state or NULL when obj->state is not
	 * initialized or allocation failed.
	 */
	struct drm_private_state *(*atomic_duplicate_state)(struct drm_private_obj *obj);

	/**
	 * @atomic_destroy_state:
	 *
	 * Frees the private object state created with @atomic_duplicate_state.
	 */
	void (*atomic_destroy_state)(struct drm_private_obj *obj,
				     struct drm_private_state *state);

	/**
	 * @atomic_print_state:
	 *
	 * If driver subclasses &struct drm_private_state, it should implement
	 * this optional hook for printing additional driver specific state.
	 *
	 * Do not call this directly, use drm_atomic_private_obj_print_state()
	 * instead.
	 */
	void (*atomic_print_state)(struct drm_printer *p,
				   const struct drm_private_state *state);
};

/**
 * struct drm_private_obj - base struct for driver private atomic object
 *
 * A driver private object is initialized by calling
 * drm_atomic_private_obj_init() and cleaned up by calling
 * drm_atomic_private_obj_fini().
 *
 * Currently only tracks the state update functions and the opaque driver
 * private state itself, but in the future might also track which
 * &drm_modeset_lock is required to duplicate and update this object's state.
 *
 * All private objects must be initialized before the DRM device they are
 * attached to is registered to the DRM subsystem (call to drm_dev_register())
 * and should stay around until this DRM device is unregistered (call to
 * drm_dev_unregister()). In other words, private objects lifetime is tied
 * to the DRM device lifetime. This implies that:
 *
 * 1/ all calls to drm_atomic_private_obj_init() must be done before calling
 *    drm_dev_register()
 * 2/ all calls to drm_atomic_private_obj_fini() must be done after calling
 *    drm_dev_unregister()
 *
 * If that private object is used to store a state shared by multiple
 * CRTCs, proper care must be taken to ensure that non-blocking commits are
 * properly ordered to avoid a use-after-free issue.
 *
 * Indeed, assuming a sequence of two non-blocking &drm_atomic_commit on two
 * different &drm_crtc using different &drm_plane and &drm_connector, so with no
 * resources shared, there's no guarantee on which commit is going to happen
 * first. However, the second &drm_atomic_commit will consider the first
 * &drm_private_obj its old state, and will be in charge of freeing it whenever
 * the second &drm_atomic_commit is done.
 *
 * If the first &drm_atomic_commit happens after it, it will consider its
 * &drm_private_obj the new state and will be likely to access it, resulting in
 * an access to a freed memory region. Drivers should store (and get a reference
 * to) the &drm_crtc_commit structure in our private state in
 * &drm_mode_config_helper_funcs.atomic_commit_setup, and then wait for that
 * commit to complete as the first step of
 * &drm_mode_config_helper_funcs.atomic_commit_tail, similar to
 * drm_atomic_helper_wait_for_dependencies().
 */
struct drm_private_obj {
	/**
	 * @head: List entry used to attach a private object to a &drm_device
	 * (queued to &drm_mode_config.privobj_list).
	 */
	struct list_head head;

	/**
	 * @lock: Modeset lock to protect the state object.
	 */
	struct drm_modeset_lock lock;

	/**
	 * @state: Current atomic state for this driver private object.
	 */
	struct drm_private_state *state;

	/**
	 * @funcs:
	 *
	 * Functions to manipulate the state of this driver private object, see
	 * &drm_private_state_funcs.
	 */
	const struct drm_private_state_funcs *funcs;
};

/**
 * drm_for_each_privobj() - private object iterator
 *
 * @privobj: pointer to the current private object. Updated after each
 *	     iteration
 * @dev: the DRM device we want get private objects from
 *
 * Allows one to iterate over all private objects attached to @dev
 */
#define drm_for_each_privobj(privobj, dev) \
	list_for_each_entry(privobj, &(dev)->mode_config.privobj_list, head)

/**
 * struct drm_private_state - base struct for driver private object state
 *
 * Currently only contains a backpointer to the overall atomic update,
 * and the relevant private object but in the future also might hold
 * synchronization information similar to e.g. &drm_crtc.commit.
 */
struct drm_private_state {
	/**
	 * @state: backpointer to global drm_atomic_state
	 */
	struct drm_atomic_state *state;

	/**
	 * @obj: backpointer to the private object
	 */
	struct drm_private_obj *obj;
};

struct __drm_private_objs_state {
	struct drm_private_obj *ptr;
	struct drm_private_state *state, *old_state, *new_state;
};

/**
 * struct drm_atomic_state - the global state object for atomic updates
 * @ref: count of all references to this state (will not be freed until zero)
 * @dev: parent DRM device
 * @async_update: hint for asynchronous plane update
 * @planes: pointer to array of structures with per-plane data
 * @crtcs: pointer to array of CRTC pointers
 * @num_connector: size of the @connectors and @connector_states arrays
 * @connectors: pointer to array of structures with per-connector data
 * @num_private_objs: size of the @private_objs array
 * @private_objs: pointer to array of private object pointers
 * @acquire_ctx: acquire context for this atomic modeset state update
 *
 * States are added to an atomic update by calling drm_atomic_get_crtc_state(),
 * drm_atomic_get_plane_state(), drm_atomic_get_connector_state(), or for
 * private state structures, drm_atomic_get_private_obj_state().
 */
struct drm_atomic_state {
	struct kref ref;

	struct drm_device *dev;

	/**
	 * @allow_modeset:
	 *
	 * Allow full modeset. This is used by the ATOMIC IOCTL handler to
	 * implement the DRM_MODE_ATOMIC_ALLOW_MODESET flag. Drivers should
	 * never consult this flag, instead looking at the output of
	 * drm_atomic_crtc_needs_modeset().
	 */
	bool allow_modeset : 1;
	/**
	 * @legacy_cursor_update:
	 *
	 * Hint to enforce legacy cursor IOCTL semantics.
	 *
	 * WARNING: This is thoroughly broken and pretty much impossible to
	 * implement correctly. Drivers must ignore this and should instead
	 * implement &drm_plane_helper_funcs.atomic_async_check and
	 * &drm_plane_helper_funcs.atomic_async_commit hooks. New users of this
	 * flag are not allowed.
	 */
	bool legacy_cursor_update : 1;
	bool async_update : 1;
	/**
	 * @duplicated:
	 *
	 * Indicates whether or not this atomic state was duplicated using
	 * drm_atomic_helper_duplicate_state(). Drivers and atomic helpers
	 * should use this to fixup normal  inconsistencies in duplicated
	 * states.
	 */
	bool duplicated : 1;
	struct __drm_planes_state *planes;
	struct __drm_crtcs_state *crtcs;
	int num_connector;
	struct __drm_connnectors_state *connectors;
	int num_private_objs;
	struct __drm_private_objs_state *private_objs;

	struct drm_modeset_acquire_ctx *acquire_ctx;

	/**
	 * @fake_commit:
	 *
	 * Used for signaling unbound planes/connectors.
	 * When a connector or plane is not bound to any CRTC, it's still important
	 * to preserve linearity to prevent the atomic states from being freed to early.
	 *
	 * This commit (if set) is not bound to any CRTC, but will be completed when
	 * drm_atomic_helper_commit_hw_done() is called.
	 */
	struct drm_crtc_commit *fake_commit;

	/**
	 * @commit_work:
	 *
	 * Work item which can be used by the driver or helpers to execute the
	 * commit without blocking.
	 */
	struct work_struct commit_work;
};

void __drm_crtc_commit_free(struct kref *kref);

/**
 * drm_crtc_commit_get - acquire a reference to the CRTC commit
 * @commit: CRTC commit
 *
 * Increases the reference of @commit.
 *
 * Returns:
 * The pointer to @commit, with reference increased.
 */
static inline struct drm_crtc_commit *drm_crtc_commit_get(struct drm_crtc_commit *commit)
{
	kref_get(&commit->ref);
	return commit;
}

/**
 * drm_crtc_commit_put - release a reference to the CRTC commmit
 * @commit: CRTC commit
 *
 * This releases a reference to @commit which is freed after removing the
 * final reference. No locking required and callable from any context.
 */
static inline void drm_crtc_commit_put(struct drm_crtc_commit *commit)
{
	kref_put(&commit->ref, __drm_crtc_commit_free);
}

int drm_crtc_commit_wait(struct drm_crtc_commit *commit);

struct drm_atomic_state * __must_check
drm_atomic_state_alloc(struct drm_device *dev);
void drm_atomic_state_clear(struct drm_atomic_state *state);

/**
 * drm_atomic_state_get - acquire a reference to the atomic state
 * @state: The atomic state
 *
 * Returns a new reference to the @state
 */
static inline struct drm_atomic_state *
drm_atomic_state_get(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
{
	kref_get(&state->ref);
	return state;
}

void __drm_atomic_state_free(struct kref *ref);

/**
 * drm_atomic_state_put - release a reference to the atomic state
 * @state: The atomic state
 *
 * This releases a reference to @state which is freed after removing the
 * final reference. No locking required and callable from any context.
 */
static inline void drm_atomic_state_put(struct drm_atomic_state *state)
{
	kref_put(&state->ref, __drm_atomic_state_free);
}

int  __must_check
drm_atomic_state_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_atomic_state *state);
void drm_atomic_state_default_clear(struct drm_atomic_state *state);
void drm_atomic_state_default_release(struct drm_atomic_state *state);

struct drm_crtc_state * __must_check
drm_atomic_get_crtc_state(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			  struct drm_crtc *crtc);
struct drm_plane_state * __must_check
drm_atomic_get_plane_state(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			   struct drm_plane *plane);
struct drm_connector_state * __must_check
drm_atomic_get_connector_state(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			       struct drm_connector *connector);

void drm_atomic_private_obj_init(struct drm_device *dev,
				 struct drm_private_obj *obj,
				 struct drm_private_state *state,
				 const struct drm_private_state_funcs *funcs);
void drm_atomic_private_obj_fini(struct drm_private_obj *obj);

struct drm_private_state * __must_check
drm_atomic_get_private_obj_state(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				 struct drm_private_obj *obj);
struct drm_private_state *
drm_atomic_get_old_private_obj_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				     struct drm_private_obj *obj);
struct drm_private_state *
drm_atomic_get_new_private_obj_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				     struct drm_private_obj *obj);

struct drm_connector *
drm_atomic_get_old_connector_for_encoder(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
					 struct drm_encoder *encoder);
struct drm_connector *
drm_atomic_get_new_connector_for_encoder(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
					 struct drm_encoder *encoder);

struct drm_crtc *
drm_atomic_get_old_crtc_for_encoder(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
					 struct drm_encoder *encoder);
struct drm_crtc *
drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_for_encoder(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
					 struct drm_encoder *encoder);

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_existing_crtc_state - get CRTC state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @crtc: CRTC to grab
 *
 * This function returns the CRTC state for the given CRTC, or NULL
 * if the CRTC is not part of the global atomic state.
 *
 * This function is deprecated, @drm_atomic_get_old_crtc_state or
 * @drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state should be used instead.
 */
static inline struct drm_crtc_state *
drm_atomic_get_existing_crtc_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				   struct drm_crtc *crtc)
{
	return state->crtcs[drm_crtc_index(crtc)].state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_old_crtc_state - get old CRTC state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @crtc: CRTC to grab
 *
 * This function returns the old CRTC state for the given CRTC, or
 * NULL if the CRTC is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_crtc_state *
drm_atomic_get_old_crtc_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			      struct drm_crtc *crtc)
{
	return state->crtcs[drm_crtc_index(crtc)].old_state;
}
/**
 * drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state - get new CRTC state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @crtc: CRTC to grab
 *
 * This function returns the new CRTC state for the given CRTC, or
 * NULL if the CRTC is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_crtc_state *
drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			      struct drm_crtc *crtc)
{
	return state->crtcs[drm_crtc_index(crtc)].new_state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_existing_plane_state - get plane state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @plane: plane to grab
 *
 * This function returns the plane state for the given plane, or NULL
 * if the plane is not part of the global atomic state.
 *
 * This function is deprecated, @drm_atomic_get_old_plane_state or
 * @drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state should be used instead.
 */
static inline struct drm_plane_state *
drm_atomic_get_existing_plane_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				    struct drm_plane *plane)
{
	return state->planes[drm_plane_index(plane)].state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_old_plane_state - get plane state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @plane: plane to grab
 *
 * This function returns the old plane state for the given plane, or
 * NULL if the plane is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_plane_state *
drm_atomic_get_old_plane_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			       struct drm_plane *plane)
{
	return state->planes[drm_plane_index(plane)].old_state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state - get plane state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @plane: plane to grab
 *
 * This function returns the new plane state for the given plane, or
 * NULL if the plane is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_plane_state *
drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			       struct drm_plane *plane)
{
	return state->planes[drm_plane_index(plane)].new_state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_existing_connector_state - get connector state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @connector: connector to grab
 *
 * This function returns the connector state for the given connector,
 * or NULL if the connector is not part of the global atomic state.
 *
 * This function is deprecated, @drm_atomic_get_old_connector_state or
 * @drm_atomic_get_new_connector_state should be used instead.
 */
static inline struct drm_connector_state *
drm_atomic_get_existing_connector_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
					struct drm_connector *connector)
{
	int index = drm_connector_index(connector);

	if (index >= state->num_connector)
		return NULL;

	return state->connectors[index].state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_old_connector_state - get connector state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @connector: connector to grab
 *
 * This function returns the old connector state for the given connector,
 * or NULL if the connector is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_connector_state *
drm_atomic_get_old_connector_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				   struct drm_connector *connector)
{
	int index = drm_connector_index(connector);

	if (index >= state->num_connector)
		return NULL;

	return state->connectors[index].old_state;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_get_new_connector_state - get connector state, if it exists
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @connector: connector to grab
 *
 * This function returns the new connector state for the given connector,
 * or NULL if the connector is not part of the global atomic state.
 */
static inline struct drm_connector_state *
drm_atomic_get_new_connector_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				   struct drm_connector *connector)
{
	int index = drm_connector_index(connector);

	if (index >= state->num_connector)
		return NULL;

	return state->connectors[index].new_state;
}

/**
 * __drm_atomic_get_current_plane_state - get current plane state
 * @state: global atomic state object
 * @plane: plane to grab
 *
 * This function returns the plane state for the given plane, either from
 * @state, or if the plane isn't part of the atomic state update, from @plane.
 * This is useful in atomic check callbacks, when drivers need to peek at, but
 * not change, state of other planes, since it avoids threading an error code
 * back up the call chain.
 *
 * WARNING:
 *
 * Note that this function is in general unsafe since it doesn't check for the
 * required locking for access state structures. Drivers must ensure that it is
 * safe to access the returned state structure through other means. One common
 * example is when planes are fixed to a single CRTC, and the driver knows that
 * the CRTC lock is held already. In that case holding the CRTC lock gives a
 * read-lock on all planes connected to that CRTC. But if planes can be
 * reassigned things get more tricky. In that case it's better to use
 * drm_atomic_get_plane_state and wire up full error handling.
 *
 * Returns:
 *
 * Read-only pointer to the current plane state.
 */
static inline const struct drm_plane_state *
__drm_atomic_get_current_plane_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				     struct drm_plane *plane)
{
	if (state->planes[drm_plane_index(plane)].state)
		return state->planes[drm_plane_index(plane)].state;

	return plane->state;
}

int __must_check
drm_atomic_add_encoder_bridges(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			       struct drm_encoder *encoder);
int __must_check
drm_atomic_add_affected_connectors(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				   struct drm_crtc *crtc);
int __must_check
drm_atomic_add_affected_planes(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			       struct drm_crtc *crtc);

int __must_check drm_atomic_check_only(struct drm_atomic_state *state);
int __must_check drm_atomic_commit(struct drm_atomic_state *state);
int __must_check drm_atomic_nonblocking_commit(struct drm_atomic_state *state);

void drm_state_dump(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_printer *p);

/**
 * for_each_oldnew_connector_in_state - iterate over all connectors in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @connector: &struct drm_connector iteration cursor
 * @old_connector_state: &struct drm_connector_state iteration cursor for the
 * 	old state
 * @new_connector_state: &struct drm_connector_state iteration cursor for the
 * 	new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all connectors in an atomic update, tracking both old and
 * new state. This is useful in places where the state delta needs to be
 * considered, for example in atomic check functions.
 */
#define for_each_oldnew_connector_in_state(__state, connector, old_connector_state, new_connector_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;								\
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_connector;					\
	     (__i)++)								\
		for_each_if ((__state)->connectors[__i].ptr &&			\
			     ((connector) = (__state)->connectors[__i].ptr,	\
			     (void)(connector) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (old_connector_state) = (__state)->connectors[__i].old_state,	\
			     (new_connector_state) = (__state)->connectors[__i].new_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_old_connector_in_state - iterate over all connectors in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @connector: &struct drm_connector iteration cursor
 * @old_connector_state: &struct drm_connector_state iteration cursor for the
 * 	old state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all connectors in an atomic update, tracking only the old
 * state. This is useful in disable functions, where we need the old state the
 * hardware is still in.
 */
#define for_each_old_connector_in_state(__state, connector, old_connector_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;								\
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_connector;					\
	     (__i)++)								\
		for_each_if ((__state)->connectors[__i].ptr &&			\
			     ((connector) = (__state)->connectors[__i].ptr,	\
			     (void)(connector) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (old_connector_state) = (__state)->connectors[__i].old_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_new_connector_in_state - iterate over all connectors in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @connector: &struct drm_connector iteration cursor
 * @new_connector_state: &struct drm_connector_state iteration cursor for the
 * 	new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all connectors in an atomic update, tracking only the new
 * state. This is useful in enable functions, where we need the new state the
 * hardware should be in when the atomic commit operation has completed.
 */
#define for_each_new_connector_in_state(__state, connector, new_connector_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;								\
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_connector;					\
	     (__i)++)								\
		for_each_if ((__state)->connectors[__i].ptr &&			\
			     ((connector) = (__state)->connectors[__i].ptr,	\
			     (void)(connector) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (new_connector_state) = (__state)->connectors[__i].new_state, \
			     (void)(new_connector_state) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, 1))

/**
 * for_each_oldnew_crtc_in_state - iterate over all CRTCs in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @crtc: &struct drm_crtc iteration cursor
 * @old_crtc_state: &struct drm_crtc_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @new_crtc_state: &struct drm_crtc_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all CRTCs in an atomic update, tracking both old and
 * new state. This is useful in places where the state delta needs to be
 * considered, for example in atomic check functions.
 */
#define for_each_oldnew_crtc_in_state(__state, crtc, old_crtc_state, new_crtc_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_crtc;		\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((crtc) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr,	\
			      (void)(crtc) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (old_crtc_state) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].old_state, \
			     (void)(old_crtc_state) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (new_crtc_state) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].new_state, \
			     (void)(new_crtc_state) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, 1))

/**
 * for_each_old_crtc_in_state - iterate over all CRTCs in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @crtc: &struct drm_crtc iteration cursor
 * @old_crtc_state: &struct drm_crtc_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all CRTCs in an atomic update, tracking only the old
 * state. This is useful in disable functions, where we need the old state the
 * hardware is still in.
 */
#define for_each_old_crtc_in_state(__state, crtc, old_crtc_state, __i)	\
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_crtc;		\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((crtc) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr,	\
			     (void)(crtc) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (old_crtc_state) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].old_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_new_crtc_in_state - iterate over all CRTCs in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @crtc: &struct drm_crtc iteration cursor
 * @new_crtc_state: &struct drm_crtc_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all CRTCs in an atomic update, tracking only the new
 * state. This is useful in enable functions, where we need the new state the
 * hardware should be in when the atomic commit operation has completed.
 */
#define for_each_new_crtc_in_state(__state, crtc, new_crtc_state, __i)	\
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_crtc;		\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((crtc) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].ptr,	\
			     (void)(crtc) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			     (new_crtc_state) = (__state)->crtcs[__i].new_state, \
			     (void)(new_crtc_state) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, 1))

/**
 * for_each_oldnew_plane_in_state - iterate over all planes in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @plane: &struct drm_plane iteration cursor
 * @old_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @new_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all planes in an atomic update, tracking both old and
 * new state. This is useful in places where the state delta needs to be
 * considered, for example in atomic check functions.
 */
#define for_each_oldnew_plane_in_state(__state, plane, old_plane_state, new_plane_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_total_plane;	\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->planes[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((plane) = (__state)->planes[__i].ptr,	\
			      (void)(plane) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			      (old_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].old_state,\
			      (new_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].new_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_oldnew_plane_in_state_reverse - iterate over all planes in an atomic
 * update in reverse order
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @plane: &struct drm_plane iteration cursor
 * @old_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @new_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all planes in an atomic update in reverse order,
 * tracking both old and  new state. This is useful in places where the
 * state delta needs to be considered, for example in atomic check functions.
 */
#define for_each_oldnew_plane_in_state_reverse(__state, plane, old_plane_state, new_plane_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = ((__state)->dev->mode_config.num_total_plane - 1);	\
	     (__i) >= 0;						\
	     (__i)--)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->planes[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((plane) = (__state)->planes[__i].ptr,	\
			      (old_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].old_state,\
			      (new_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].new_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_new_plane_in_state_reverse - other than only tracking new state,
 * it's the same as for_each_oldnew_plane_in_state_reverse
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @plane: &struct drm_plane iteration cursor
 * @new_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 */
#define for_each_new_plane_in_state_reverse(__state, plane, new_plane_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = ((__state)->dev->mode_config.num_total_plane - 1);	\
	     (__i) >= 0;						\
	     (__i)--)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->planes[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((plane) = (__state)->planes[__i].ptr,	\
			      (new_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].new_state, 1))

/**
 * for_each_old_plane_in_state - iterate over all planes in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @plane: &struct drm_plane iteration cursor
 * @old_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all planes in an atomic update, tracking only the old
 * state. This is useful in disable functions, where we need the old state the
 * hardware is still in.
 */
#define for_each_old_plane_in_state(__state, plane, old_plane_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_total_plane;	\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->planes[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((plane) = (__state)->planes[__i].ptr,	\
			      (old_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].old_state, 1))
/**
 * for_each_new_plane_in_state - iterate over all planes in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @plane: &struct drm_plane iteration cursor
 * @new_plane_state: &struct drm_plane_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all planes in an atomic update, tracking only the new
 * state. This is useful in enable functions, where we need the new state the
 * hardware should be in when the atomic commit operation has completed.
 */
#define for_each_new_plane_in_state(__state, plane, new_plane_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0;							\
	     (__i) < (__state)->dev->mode_config.num_total_plane;	\
	     (__i)++)							\
		for_each_if ((__state)->planes[__i].ptr &&		\
			     ((plane) = (__state)->planes[__i].ptr,	\
			      (void)(plane) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
			      (new_plane_state) = (__state)->planes[__i].new_state, \
			      (void)(new_plane_state) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, 1))

/**
 * for_each_oldnew_private_obj_in_state - iterate over all private objects in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @obj: &struct drm_private_obj iteration cursor
 * @old_obj_state: &struct drm_private_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @new_obj_state: &struct drm_private_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all private objects in an atomic update, tracking both
 * old and new state. This is useful in places where the state delta needs
 * to be considered, for example in atomic check functions.
 */
#define for_each_oldnew_private_obj_in_state(__state, obj, old_obj_state, new_obj_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0; \
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_private_objs && \
		     ((obj) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].ptr, \
		      (old_obj_state) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].old_state,	\
		      (new_obj_state) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].new_state, 1); \
	     (__i)++)

/**
 * for_each_old_private_obj_in_state - iterate over all private objects in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @obj: &struct drm_private_obj iteration cursor
 * @old_obj_state: &struct drm_private_state iteration cursor for the old state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all private objects in an atomic update, tracking only
 * the old state. This is useful in disable functions, where we need the old
 * state the hardware is still in.
 */
#define for_each_old_private_obj_in_state(__state, obj, old_obj_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0; \
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_private_objs && \
		     ((obj) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].ptr, \
		      (old_obj_state) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].old_state, 1); \
	     (__i)++)

/**
 * for_each_new_private_obj_in_state - iterate over all private objects in an atomic update
 * @__state: &struct drm_atomic_state pointer
 * @obj: &struct drm_private_obj iteration cursor
 * @new_obj_state: &struct drm_private_state iteration cursor for the new state
 * @__i: int iteration cursor, for macro-internal use
 *
 * This iterates over all private objects in an atomic update, tracking only
 * the new state. This is useful in enable functions, where we need the new state the
 * hardware should be in when the atomic commit operation has completed.
 */
#define for_each_new_private_obj_in_state(__state, obj, new_obj_state, __i) \
	for ((__i) = 0; \
	     (__i) < (__state)->num_private_objs && \
		     ((obj) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].ptr, \
		      (void)(obj) /* Only to avoid unused-but-set-variable warning */, \
		      (new_obj_state) = (__state)->private_objs[__i].new_state, 1); \
	     (__i)++)

/**
 * drm_atomic_crtc_needs_modeset - compute combined modeset need
 * @state: &drm_crtc_state for the CRTC
 *
 * To give drivers flexibility &struct drm_crtc_state has 3 booleans to track
 * whether the state CRTC changed enough to need a full modeset cycle:
 * mode_changed, active_changed and connectors_changed. This helper simply
 * combines these three to compute the overall need for a modeset for @state.
 *
 * The atomic helper code sets these booleans, but drivers can and should
 * change them appropriately to accurately represent whether a modeset is
 * really needed. In general, drivers should avoid full modesets whenever
 * possible.
 *
 * For example if the CRTC mode has changed, and the hardware is able to enact
 * the requested mode change without going through a full modeset, the driver
 * should clear mode_changed in its &drm_mode_config_funcs.atomic_check
 * implementation.
 */
static inline bool
drm_atomic_crtc_needs_modeset(const struct drm_crtc_state *state)
{
	return state->mode_changed || state->active_changed ||
	       state->connectors_changed;
}

/**
 * drm_atomic_crtc_effectively_active - compute whether CRTC is actually active
 * @state: &drm_crtc_state for the CRTC
 *
 * When in self refresh mode, the crtc_state->active value will be false, since
 * the CRTC is off. However in some cases we're interested in whether the CRTC
 * is active, or effectively active (ie: it's connected to an active display).
 * In these cases, use this function instead of just checking active.
 */
static inline bool
drm_atomic_crtc_effectively_active(const struct drm_crtc_state *state)
{
	return state->active || state->self_refresh_active;
}

/**
 * struct drm_bus_cfg - bus configuration
 *
 * This structure stores the configuration of a physical bus between two
 * components in an output pipeline, usually between two bridges, an encoder
 * and a bridge, or a bridge and a connector.
 *
 * The bus configuration is stored in &drm_bridge_state separately for the
 * input and output buses, as seen from the point of view of each bridge. The
 * bus configuration of a bridge output is usually identical to the
 * configuration of the next bridge's input, but may differ if the signals are
 * modified between the two bridges, for instance by an inverter on the board.
 * The input and output configurations of a bridge may differ if the bridge
 * modifies the signals internally, for instance by performing format
 * conversion, or modifying signals polarities.
 */
struct drm_bus_cfg {
	/**
	 * @format: format used on this bus (one of the MEDIA_BUS_FMT_* format)
	 *
	 * This field should not be directly modified by drivers
	 * (drm_atomic_bridge_chain_select_bus_fmts() takes care of the bus
	 * format negotiation).
	 */
	u32 format;

	/**
	 * @flags: DRM_BUS_* flags used on this bus
	 */
	u32 flags;
};

/**
 * struct drm_bridge_state - Atomic bridge state object
 */
struct drm_bridge_state {
	/**
	 * @base: inherit from &drm_private_state
	 */
	struct drm_private_state base;

	/**
	 * @bridge: the bridge this state refers to
	 */
	struct drm_bridge *bridge;

	/**
	 * @input_bus_cfg: input bus configuration
	 */
	struct drm_bus_cfg input_bus_cfg;

	/**
	 * @output_bus_cfg: output bus configuration
	 */
	struct drm_bus_cfg output_bus_cfg;
};

static inline struct drm_bridge_state *
drm_priv_to_bridge_state(struct drm_private_state *priv)
{
	return container_of(priv, struct drm_bridge_state, base);
}

struct drm_bridge_state *
drm_atomic_get_bridge_state(struct drm_atomic_state *state,
			    struct drm_bridge *bridge);
struct drm_bridge_state *
drm_atomic_get_old_bridge_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				struct drm_bridge *bridge);
struct drm_bridge_state *
drm_atomic_get_new_bridge_state(const struct drm_atomic_state *state,
				struct drm_bridge *bridge);

#endif /* DRM_ATOMIC_H_ */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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