Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-59/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh
#!/bin/bash
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Check that route PMTU values match expectations, and that initial device MTU
# values are assigned correctly
#
# Tests currently implemented:
#
# - pmtu_ipv4
#	Set up two namespaces, A and B, with two paths between them over routers
#	R1 and R2 (also implemented with namespaces), with different MTUs:
#
#	  segment a_r1    segment b_r1		a_r1: 2000
#	.--------------R1--------------.	b_r1: 1400
#	A                               B	a_r2: 2000
#	'--------------R2--------------'	b_r2: 1500
#	  segment a_r2    segment b_r2
#
#	Check that PMTU exceptions with the correct PMTU are created. Then
#	decrease and increase the MTU of the local link for one of the paths,
#	A to R1, checking that route exception PMTU changes accordingly over
#	this path. Also check that locked exceptions are created when an ICMP
#	message advertising a PMTU smaller than net.ipv4.route.min_pmtu is
#	received
#
# - pmtu_ipv6
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4, except for locked PMTU tests, using IPv6
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_dscp_icmp_exception
#	Set up the same network topology as pmtu_ipv4, but use non-default
#	routing table in A. A fib-rule is used to jump to this routing table
#	based on DSCP. Send ICMPv4 packets with the expected DSCP value and
#	verify that ECN doesn't interfere with the creation of PMTU exceptions.
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_dscp_udp_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_dscp_icmp_exception, but use UDP instead of ICMP.
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception
#	Set up the same network topology as pmtu_ipv4, create a VXLAN tunnel
#	over IPv4 between A and B, routed via R1. On the link between R1 and B,
#	set a MTU lower than the VXLAN MTU and the MTU on the link between A and
#	R1. Send IPv4 packets, exceeding the MTU between R1 and B, over VXLAN
#	from A to B and check that the PMTU exception is created with the right
#	value on A
#
# - pmtu_ipv6_vxlan4_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception, but send IPv6 packets from A to B
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_vxlan6_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception, but use IPv6 transport from A to B
#
# - pmtu_ipv6_vxlan6_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan6_exception, but send IPv6 packets from A to B
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_geneve4_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception, but using a GENEVE tunnel instead of
#	VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv6_geneve4_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv6_vxlan4_exception, but using a GENEVE tunnel instead of
#	VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_geneve6_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan6_exception, but using a GENEVE tunnel instead of
#	VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv6_geneve6_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv6_vxlan6_exception, but using a GENEVE tunnel instead of
#	VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_br_vxlan{4,6}_exception
#	Set up three namespaces, A, B, and C, with routing between A and B over
#	R1. R2 is unused in these tests. A has a veth connection to C, and is
#	connected to B via a VXLAN endpoint, which is directly bridged to C.
#	MTU on the B-R1 link is lower than other MTUs.
#
#	Check that both C and A are able to communicate with B over the VXLAN
#	tunnel, and that PMTU exceptions with the correct values are created.
#
#	                  segment a_r1    segment b_r1            b_r1: 4000
#	                .--------------R1--------------.    everything
#	   C---veth     A                               B         else: 5000
#	        ' bridge                                |
#	            '---- - - - - - VXLAN - - - - - - - '
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_br_geneve{4,6}_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv{4,6}_br_vxlan{4,6}_exception, with a GENEVE tunnel
#	instead.
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_ovs_vxlan{4,6}_exception
#	Set up two namespaces, B, and C, with routing between the init namespace
#	and B over R1. A and R2 are unused in these tests. The init namespace
#	has a veth connection to C, and is connected to B via a VXLAN endpoint,
#	which is handled by Open vSwitch and bridged to C. MTU on the B-R1 link
#	is lower than other MTUs.
#
#	Check that C is able to communicate with B over the VXLAN tunnel, and
#	that PMTU exceptions with the correct values are created.
#
#	                  segment a_r1    segment b_r1            b_r1: 4000
#	                .--------------R1--------------.    everything
#	   C---veth    init                             B         else: 5000
#	        '- ovs                                  |
#	            '---- - - - - - VXLAN - - - - - - - '
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_ovs_geneve{4,6}_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv{4,6}_ovs_vxlan{4,6}_exception, with a GENEVE tunnel
#	instead.
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_fou{4,6}_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4, but using a direct IPv4/IPv6 encapsulation
#	(FoU) over IPv4/IPv6, instead of VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_fou{4,6}_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4, but using a generic UDP IPv4/IPv6
#	encapsulation (GUE) over IPv4/IPv6, instead of VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_ipv{4,6}_ipv{4,6}_exception
#	Same as pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4, but using a IPv4/IPv6 tunnel over IPv4/IPv6,
#	instead of VXLAN
#
# - pmtu_vti4_exception
#	Set up vti tunnel on top of veth, with xfrm states and policies, in two
#	namespaces with matching endpoints. Check that route exception is not
#	created if link layer MTU is not exceeded, then exceed it and check that
#	exception is created with the expected PMTU. The approach described
#	below for IPv6 doesn't apply here, because, on IPv4, administrative MTU
#	changes alone won't affect PMTU
#
# - pmtu_vti4_udp_exception
#       Same as pmtu_vti4_exception, but using ESP-in-UDP
#
# - pmtu_vti4_udp_routed_exception
#       Set up vti tunnel on top of veth connected through routing namespace and
#	add xfrm states and policies with ESP-in-UDP encapsulation. Check that
#	route exception is not created if link layer MTU is not exceeded, then
#	lower MTU on second part of routed environment and check that exception
#	is created with the expected PMTU.
#
# - pmtu_vti6_exception
#	Set up vti6 tunnel on top of veth, with xfrm states and policies, in two
#	namespaces with matching endpoints. Check that route exception is
#	created by exceeding link layer MTU with ping to other endpoint. Then
#	decrease and increase MTU of tunnel, checking that route exception PMTU
#	changes accordingly
#
# - pmtu_vti6_udp_exception
#       Same as pmtu_vti6_exception, but using ESP-in-UDP
#
# - pmtu_vti6_udp_routed_exception
#	Same as pmtu_vti6_udp_routed_exception but with routing between vti
#	endpoints
#
# - pmtu_vti4_default_mtu
#	Set up vti4 tunnel on top of veth, in two namespaces with matching
#	endpoints. Check that MTU assigned to vti interface is the MTU of the
#	lower layer (veth) minus additional lower layer headers (zero, for veth)
#	minus IPv4 header length
#
# - pmtu_vti6_default_mtu
#	Same as above, for IPv6
#
# - pmtu_vti4_link_add_mtu
#	Set up vti4 interface passing MTU value at link creation, check MTU is
#	configured, and that link is not created with invalid MTU values
#
# - pmtu_vti6_link_add_mtu
#	Same as above, for IPv6
#
# - pmtu_vti6_link_change_mtu
#	Set up two dummy interfaces with different MTUs, create a vti6 tunnel
#	and check that configured MTU is used on link creation and changes, and
#	that MTU is properly calculated instead when MTU is not configured from
#	userspace
#
# - cleanup_ipv4_exception
#	Similar to pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception, but explicitly generate PMTU
#	exceptions on multiple CPUs and check that the veth device tear-down
# 	happens in a timely manner
#
# - cleanup_ipv6_exception
#	Same as above, but use IPv6 transport from A to B
#
# - list_flush_ipv4_exception
#	Using the same topology as in pmtu_ipv4, create exceptions, and check
#	they are shown when listing exception caches, gone after flushing them
#
# - list_flush_ipv6_exception
#	Using the same topology as in pmtu_ipv6, create exceptions, and check
#	they are shown when listing exception caches, gone after flushing them
#
# - pmtu_ipv4_route_change
#	Use the same topology as in pmtu_ipv4, but issue a route replacement
#	command and delete the corresponding device afterward. This tests for
#	proper cleanup of the PMTU exceptions by the route replacement path.
#	Device unregistration should complete successfully
#
# - pmtu_ipv6_route_change
#	Same as above but with IPv6

source lib.sh
source net_helper.sh

PAUSE_ON_FAIL=no
VERBOSE=0
TRACING=0

# Some systems don't have a ping6 binary anymore
which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)

#               Name                          Description                  re-run with nh
tests="
	pmtu_ipv4_exception		ipv4: PMTU exceptions			1
	pmtu_ipv6_exception		ipv6: PMTU exceptions			1
	pmtu_ipv4_dscp_icmp_exception	ICMPv4 with DSCP and ECN: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_dscp_udp_exception	UDPv4 with DSCP and ECN: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception	IPv4 over vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_vxlan4_exception	IPv6 over vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_vxlan6_exception	IPv4 over vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_vxlan6_exception	IPv6 over vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_geneve4_exception	IPv4 over geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_geneve4_exception	IPv6 over geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_geneve6_exception	IPv4 over geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_geneve6_exception	IPv6 over geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_br_vxlan4_exception	IPv4, bridged vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_br_vxlan4_exception	IPv6, bridged vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_br_vxlan6_exception	IPv4, bridged vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_br_vxlan6_exception	IPv6, bridged vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_br_geneve4_exception	IPv4, bridged geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_br_geneve4_exception	IPv6, bridged geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_br_geneve6_exception	IPv4, bridged geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_br_geneve6_exception	IPv6, bridged geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_ovs_vxlan4_exception	IPv4, OVS vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_ovs_vxlan4_exception	IPv6, OVS vxlan4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_ovs_vxlan6_exception	IPv4, OVS vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_ovs_vxlan6_exception	IPv6, OVS vxlan6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_ovs_geneve4_exception	IPv4, OVS geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_ovs_geneve4_exception	IPv6, OVS geneve4: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_ovs_geneve6_exception	IPv4, OVS geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv6_ovs_geneve6_exception	IPv6, OVS geneve6: PMTU exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_fou4_exception	IPv4 over fou4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_fou4_exception	IPv6 over fou4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv4_fou6_exception	IPv4 over fou6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_fou6_exception	IPv6 over fou6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv4_gue4_exception	IPv4 over gue4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_gue4_exception	IPv6 over gue4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv4_gue6_exception	IPv4 over gue6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_gue6_exception	IPv6 over gue6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv4_ipv4_exception	IPv4 over IPv4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_ipv4_exception	IPv6 over IPv4: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv4_ipv6_exception	IPv4 over IPv6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_ipv6_ipv6_exception	IPv6 over IPv6: PMTU exceptions		1
	pmtu_vti6_exception		vti6: PMTU exceptions			0
	pmtu_vti4_exception		vti4: PMTU exceptions			0
	pmtu_vti6_udp_exception		vti6: PMTU exceptions (ESP-in-UDP)	0
	pmtu_vti4_udp_exception		vti4: PMTU exceptions (ESP-in-UDP)	0
	pmtu_vti6_udp_routed_exception	vti6: PMTU exceptions, routed (ESP-in-UDP)	0
	pmtu_vti4_udp_routed_exception	vti4: PMTU exceptions, routed (ESP-in-UDP)	0
	pmtu_vti4_default_mtu		vti4: default MTU assignment		0
	pmtu_vti6_default_mtu		vti6: default MTU assignment		0
	pmtu_vti4_link_add_mtu		vti4: MTU setting on link creation	0
	pmtu_vti6_link_add_mtu		vti6: MTU setting on link creation	0
	pmtu_vti6_link_change_mtu	vti6: MTU changes on link changes	0
	cleanup_ipv4_exception		ipv4: cleanup of cached exceptions	1
	cleanup_ipv6_exception		ipv6: cleanup of cached exceptions	1
	list_flush_ipv4_exception	ipv4: list and flush cached exceptions	1
	list_flush_ipv6_exception	ipv6: list and flush cached exceptions	1
	pmtu_ipv4_route_change		ipv4: PMTU exception w/route replace	1
	pmtu_ipv6_route_change		ipv6: PMTU exception w/route replace	1"

# Addressing and routing for tests with routers: four network segments, with
# index SEGMENT between 1 and 4, a common prefix (PREFIX4 or PREFIX6) and an
# identifier ID, which is 1 for hosts (A and B), 2 for routers (R1 and R2).
# Addresses are:
# - IPv4: PREFIX4.SEGMENT.ID (/24)
# - IPv6: PREFIX6:SEGMENT::ID (/64)
prefix4="10.0"
prefix6="fc00"
a_r1=1
a_r2=2
b_r1=3
b_r2=4
#	ns	peer	segment
routing_addrs="
	A	R1	${a_r1}
	A	R2	${a_r2}
	B	R1	${b_r1}
	B	R2	${b_r2}
"
# Traffic from A to B goes through R1 by default, and through R2, if destined to
# B's address on the b_r2 segment.
# Traffic from B to A goes through R1.
#	ns	destination		gateway
routes="
	A	default			${prefix4}.${a_r1}.2
	A	${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1	${prefix4}.${a_r2}.2
	B	default			${prefix4}.${b_r1}.2

	A	default			${prefix6}:${a_r1}::2
	A	${prefix6}:${b_r2}::1	${prefix6}:${a_r2}::2
	B	default			${prefix6}:${b_r1}::2
"
USE_NH="no"
#	ns	family	nh id	   destination		gateway
nexthops="
	A	4	41	${prefix4}.${a_r1}.2	veth_A-R1
	A	4	42	${prefix4}.${a_r2}.2	veth_A-R2
	B	4	41	${prefix4}.${b_r1}.2	veth_B-R1

	A	6	61	${prefix6}:${a_r1}::2	veth_A-R1
	A	6	62	${prefix6}:${a_r2}::2	veth_A-R2
	B	6	61	${prefix6}:${b_r1}::2	veth_B-R1
"

# nexthop id correlates to id in nexthops config above
#	ns    family	prefix			nh id
routes_nh="
	A	4	default			41
	A	4	${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1	42
	B	4	default			41

	A	6	default			61
	A	6	${prefix6}:${b_r2}::1	62
	B	6	default			61
"

policy_mark=0x04
rt_table=main

veth4_a_addr="192.168.1.1"
veth4_b_addr="192.168.1.2"
veth4_c_addr="192.168.2.10"
veth4_mask="24"
veth6_a_addr="fd00:1::a"
veth6_b_addr="fd00:1::b"
veth6_c_addr="fd00:2::c"
veth6_mask="64"

tunnel4_a_addr="192.168.2.1"
tunnel4_b_addr="192.168.2.2"
tunnel4_mask="24"
tunnel6_a_addr="fd00:2::a"
tunnel6_b_addr="fd00:2::b"
tunnel6_mask="64"

dummy6_0_prefix="fc00:1000::"
dummy6_1_prefix="fc00:1001::"
dummy6_mask="64"

err_buf=
tcpdump_pids=
nettest_pids=
socat_pids=
tmpoutfile=

err() {
	err_buf="${err_buf}${1}
"
}

err_flush() {
	echo -n "${err_buf}"
	err_buf=
}

run_cmd() {
	cmd="$*"

	if [ "$VERBOSE" = "1" ]; then
		printf "    COMMAND: $cmd\n"
	fi

	out="$($cmd 2>&1)"
	rc=$?
	if [ "$VERBOSE" = "1" -a -n "$out" ]; then
		echo "    $out"
		echo
	fi

	return $rc
}

run_cmd_bg() {
	cmd="$*"

	if [ "$VERBOSE" = "1" ]; then
		printf "    COMMAND: %s &\n" "${cmd}"
	fi

	$cmd 2>&1 &
}

# Find the auto-generated name for this namespace
nsname() {
	eval echo \$NS_$1
}

setup_fou_or_gue() {
	outer="${1}"
	inner="${2}"
	encap="${3}"

	if [ "${outer}" = "4" ]; then
		modprobe fou || return $ksft_skip
		a_addr="${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1"
		b_addr="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
		if [ "${inner}" = "4" ]; then
			type="ipip"
			ipproto="4"
		else
			type="sit"
			ipproto="41"
		fi
	else
		modprobe fou6 || return $ksft_skip
		a_addr="${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1"
		b_addr="${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1"
		if [ "${inner}" = "4" ]; then
			type="ip6tnl"
			mode="mode ipip6"
			ipproto="4 -6"
		else
			type="ip6tnl"
			mode="mode ip6ip6"
			ipproto="41 -6"
		fi
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip fou add port 5555 ipproto ${ipproto} || return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add ${encap}_a type ${type} ${mode} local ${a_addr} remote ${b_addr} encap ${encap} encap-sport auto encap-dport 5556 || return $ksft_skip

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip fou add port 5556 ipproto ${ipproto}
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link add ${encap}_b type ${type} ${mode} local ${b_addr} remote ${a_addr} encap ${encap} encap-sport auto encap-dport 5555

	if [ "${inner}" = "4" ]; then
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel4_a_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${encap}_a
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel4_b_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${encap}_b
	else
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel6_a_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${encap}_a
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel6_b_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${encap}_b
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set ${encap}_a up
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set ${encap}_b up
}

setup_fou44() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 4 4 fou
}

setup_fou46() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 4 6 fou
}

setup_fou64() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 6 4 fou
}

setup_fou66() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 6 6 fou
}

setup_gue44() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 4 4 gue
}

setup_gue46() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 4 6 gue
}

setup_gue64() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 6 4 gue
}

setup_gue66() {
	setup_fou_or_gue 6 6 gue
}

setup_ipvX_over_ipvY() {
	inner=${1}
	outer=${2}

	if [ "${outer}" -eq 4 ]; then
		a_addr="${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1"
		b_addr="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
		if [ "${inner}" -eq 4 ]; then
			type="ipip"
			mode="ipip"
		else
			type="sit"
			mode="ip6ip"
		fi
	else
		a_addr="${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1"
		b_addr="${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1"
		type="ip6tnl"
		if [ "${inner}" -eq 4 ]; then
			mode="ipip6"
		else
			mode="ip6ip6"
		fi
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add ip_a type ${type} local ${a_addr} remote ${b_addr} mode ${mode} || return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link add ip_b type ${type} local ${b_addr} remote ${a_addr} mode ${mode}

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set ip_a up
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set ip_b up

	if [ "${inner}" = "4" ]; then
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel4_a_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ip_a
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel4_b_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ip_b
	else
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel6_a_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ip_a
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel6_b_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ip_b
	fi
}

setup_ip4ip4() {
	setup_ipvX_over_ipvY 4 4
}

setup_ip6ip4() {
	setup_ipvX_over_ipvY 6 4
}

setup_ip4ip6() {
	setup_ipvX_over_ipvY 4 6
}

setup_ip6ip6() {
	setup_ipvX_over_ipvY 6 6
}

setup_namespaces() {
	setup_ns NS_A NS_B NS_C NS_R1 NS_R2
	for n in ${NS_A} ${NS_B} ${NS_C} ${NS_R1} ${NS_R2}; do
		# Disable DAD, so that we don't have to wait to use the
		# configured IPv6 addresses
		ip netns exec ${n} sysctl -q net/ipv6/conf/default/accept_dad=0
	done
	ns_a="ip netns exec ${NS_A}"
	ns_b="ip netns exec ${NS_B}"
	ns_c="ip netns exec ${NS_C}"
	ns_r1="ip netns exec ${NS_R1}"
	ns_r2="ip netns exec ${NS_R2}"
}

setup_veth() {
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add veth_a type veth peer name veth_b || return 1
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set veth_b netns ${NS_B}

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${veth4_a_addr}/${veth4_mask} dev veth_a
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${veth4_b_addr}/${veth4_mask} dev veth_b

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${veth6_a_addr}/${veth6_mask} dev veth_a
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${veth6_b_addr}/${veth6_mask} dev veth_b

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set veth_a up
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set veth_b up
}

setup_vti() {
	proto=${1}
	veth_a_addr="${2}"
	veth_b_addr="${3}"
	vti_a_addr="${4}"
	vti_b_addr="${5}"
	vti_mask=${6}

	[ ${proto} -eq 6 ] && vti_type="vti6" || vti_type="vti"

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti${proto}_a type ${vti_type} local ${veth_a_addr} remote ${veth_b_addr} key 10 || return 1
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link add vti${proto}_b type ${vti_type} local ${veth_b_addr} remote ${veth_a_addr} key 10

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${vti_a_addr}/${vti_mask} dev vti${proto}_a
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${vti_b_addr}/${vti_mask} dev vti${proto}_b

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set vti${proto}_a up
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set vti${proto}_b up
}

setup_vti4() {
	setup_vti 4 ${veth4_a_addr} ${veth4_b_addr} ${tunnel4_a_addr} ${tunnel4_b_addr} ${tunnel4_mask}
}

setup_vti6() {
	setup_vti 6 ${veth6_a_addr} ${veth6_b_addr} ${tunnel6_a_addr} ${tunnel6_b_addr} ${tunnel6_mask}
}

setup_vti4routed() {
	setup_vti 4 ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1 ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1 ${tunnel4_a_addr} ${tunnel4_b_addr} ${tunnel4_mask}
}

setup_vti6routed() {
	setup_vti 6 ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 ${tunnel6_a_addr} ${tunnel6_b_addr} ${tunnel6_mask}
}

setup_vxlan_or_geneve() {
	type="${1}"
	a_addr="${2}"
	b_addr="${3}"
	opts="${4}"
	br_if_a="${5}"

	if [ "${type}" = "vxlan" ]; then
		opts="${opts} ttl 64 dstport 4789"
		opts_a="local ${a_addr}"
		opts_b="local ${b_addr}"
	else
		opts_a=""
		opts_b=""
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add ${type}_a type ${type} id 1 ${opts_a} remote ${b_addr} ${opts} || return 1
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link add ${type}_b type ${type} id 1 ${opts_b} remote ${a_addr} ${opts}

	if [ -n "${br_if_a}" ]; then
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel4_a_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${br_if_a}
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel6_a_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${br_if_a}
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set ${type}_a master ${br_if_a}
	else
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel4_a_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${type}_a
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${tunnel6_a_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${type}_a
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel4_b_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${type}_b
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel6_b_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${type}_b

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set ${type}_a up
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set ${type}_b up
}

setup_geneve4() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1  "df set"
}

setup_vxlan4() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1  "df set"
}

setup_geneve6() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 ""
}

setup_vxlan6() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 ""
}

setup_bridged_geneve4() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1  "df set" "br0"
}

setup_bridged_vxlan4() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1  "df set" "br0"
}

setup_bridged_geneve6() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 "" "br0"
}

setup_bridged_vxlan6() {
	setup_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 "" "br0"
}

setup_xfrm() {
	proto=${1}
	veth_a_addr="${2}"
	veth_b_addr="${3}"
	encap=${4}

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip -${proto} xfrm state add src ${veth_a_addr} dst ${veth_b_addr} spi 0x1000 proto esp aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f 128 mode tunnel ${encap} || return 1
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip -${proto} xfrm state add src ${veth_b_addr} dst ${veth_a_addr} spi 0x1001 proto esp aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f 128 mode tunnel ${encap}
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip -${proto} xfrm policy add dir out mark 10 tmpl src ${veth_a_addr} dst ${veth_b_addr} proto esp mode tunnel
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip -${proto} xfrm policy add dir in mark 10 tmpl src ${veth_b_addr} dst ${veth_a_addr} proto esp mode tunnel

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip -${proto} xfrm state add src ${veth_a_addr} dst ${veth_b_addr} spi 0x1000 proto esp aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f 128 mode tunnel ${encap}
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip -${proto} xfrm state add src ${veth_b_addr} dst ${veth_a_addr} spi 0x1001 proto esp aead 'rfc4106(gcm(aes))' 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f 128 mode tunnel ${encap}
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip -${proto} xfrm policy add dir out mark 10 tmpl src ${veth_b_addr} dst ${veth_a_addr} proto esp mode tunnel
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip -${proto} xfrm policy add dir in mark 10 tmpl src ${veth_a_addr} dst ${veth_b_addr} proto esp mode tunnel
}

setup_nettest_xfrm() {
	if ! which nettest >/dev/null; then
		PATH=$PWD:$PATH
		if ! which nettest >/dev/null; then
			echo "'nettest' command not found; skipping tests"
			return 1
		fi
	fi

	[ ${1} -eq 6 ] && proto="-6" || proto=""
	port=${2}

	run_cmd_bg "${ns_a}" nettest "${proto}" -q -D -s -x -p "${port}" -t 5
	nettest_pids="${nettest_pids} $!"

	run_cmd_bg "${ns_b}" nettest "${proto}" -q -D -s -x -p "${port}" -t 5
	nettest_pids="${nettest_pids} $!"
}

setup_xfrm4() {
	setup_xfrm 4 ${veth4_a_addr} ${veth4_b_addr}
}

setup_xfrm6() {
	setup_xfrm 6 ${veth6_a_addr} ${veth6_b_addr}
}

setup_xfrm4udp() {
	setup_xfrm 4 ${veth4_a_addr} ${veth4_b_addr} "encap espinudp 4500 4500 0.0.0.0" && \
		setup_nettest_xfrm 4 4500
}

setup_xfrm6udp() {
	setup_xfrm 6 ${veth6_a_addr} ${veth6_b_addr} "encap espinudp 4500 4500 0.0.0.0" && \
		setup_nettest_xfrm 6 4500
}

setup_xfrm4udprouted() {
	setup_xfrm 4 ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1 ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1 "encap espinudp 4500 4500 0.0.0.0" && \
		setup_nettest_xfrm 4 4500
}

setup_xfrm6udprouted() {
	setup_xfrm 6 ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 "encap espinudp 4500 4500 0.0.0.0" && \
		setup_nettest_xfrm 6 4500
}

setup_routing_old() {
	for i in ${routes}; do
		[ "${ns}" = "" ]	&& ns="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${addr}" = "" ]	&& addr="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${gw}" = "" ]	&& gw="${i}"

		ns_name="$(nsname ${ns})"

		ip -n "${ns_name}" route add "${addr}" table "${rt_table}" via "${gw}"

		ns=""; addr=""; gw=""
	done
}

setup_routing_new() {
	for i in ${nexthops}; do
		[ "${ns}" = "" ]	&& ns="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${fam}" = "" ]	&& fam="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${nhid}" = "" ]	&& nhid="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${gw}" = "" ]	&& gw="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${dev}" = "" ]	&& dev="${i}"

		ns_name="$(nsname ${ns})"

		ip -n ${ns_name} -${fam} nexthop add id ${nhid} via ${gw} dev ${dev}

		ns=""; fam=""; nhid=""; gw=""; dev=""

	done

	for i in ${routes_nh}; do
		[ "${ns}" = "" ]	&& ns="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${fam}" = "" ]	&& fam="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${addr}" = "" ]	&& addr="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${nhid}" = "" ]	&& nhid="${i}"

		ns_name="$(nsname ${ns})"

		ip -n "${ns_name}" -"${fam}" route add "${addr}" table "${rt_table}" nhid "${nhid}"

		ns=""; fam=""; addr=""; nhid=""
	done
}

setup_routing() {
	for i in ${NS_R1} ${NS_R2}; do
		ip netns exec ${i} sysctl -q net/ipv4/ip_forward=1
		ip netns exec ${i} sysctl -q net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding=1
	done

	for i in ${routing_addrs}; do
		[ "${ns}" = "" ]	&& ns="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${peer}" = "" ]	&& peer="${i}"		&& continue
		[ "${segment}" = "" ]	&& segment="${i}"

		ns_name="$(nsname ${ns})"
		peer_name="$(nsname ${peer})"
		if="veth_${ns}-${peer}"
		ifpeer="veth_${peer}-${ns}"

		# Create veth links
		ip link add ${if} up netns ${ns_name} type veth peer name ${ifpeer} netns ${peer_name} || return 1
		ip -n ${peer_name} link set dev ${ifpeer} up

		# Add addresses
		ip -n ${ns_name}   addr add ${prefix4}.${segment}.1/24  dev ${if}
		ip -n ${ns_name}   addr add ${prefix6}:${segment}::1/64 dev ${if}

		ip -n ${peer_name} addr add ${prefix4}.${segment}.2/24  dev ${ifpeer}
		ip -n ${peer_name} addr add ${prefix6}:${segment}::2/64 dev ${ifpeer}

		ns=""; peer=""; segment=""
	done

	if [ "$USE_NH" = "yes" ]; then
		setup_routing_new
	else
		setup_routing_old
	fi

	return 0
}

setup_policy_routing() {
	setup_routing

	ip -netns "${NS_A}" -4 rule add dsfield "${policy_mark}" \
		table "${rt_table}"

	# Set the IPv4 Don't Fragment bit with tc, since socat doesn't seem to
	# have an option do to it.
	tc -netns "${NS_A}" qdisc replace dev veth_A-R1 root prio
	tc -netns "${NS_A}" qdisc replace dev veth_A-R2 root prio
	tc -netns "${NS_A}" filter add dev veth_A-R1                      \
		protocol ipv4 flower ip_proto udp                         \
		action pedit ex munge ip df set 0x40 pipe csum ip and udp
	tc -netns "${NS_A}" filter add dev veth_A-R2                      \
		protocol ipv4 flower ip_proto udp                         \
		action pedit ex munge ip df set 0x40 pipe csum ip and udp
}

setup_bridge() {
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add br0 type bridge || return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set br0 up

	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link add veth_C-A type veth peer name veth_A-C
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link set veth_A-C netns ${NS_A}

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set veth_A-C up
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link set veth_C-A up
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip addr add ${veth4_c_addr}/${veth4_mask} dev veth_C-A
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip addr add ${veth6_c_addr}/${veth6_mask} dev veth_C-A
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set veth_A-C master br0
}

setup_ovs_vxlan_or_geneve() {
	type="${1}"
	a_addr="${2}"
	b_addr="${3}"

	if [ "${type}" = "vxlan" ]; then
		opts="${opts} ttl 64 dstport 4789"
		opts_b="local ${b_addr}"
	fi

	run_cmd ovs-vsctl add-port ovs_br0 ${type}_a -- \
		set interface ${type}_a type=${type} \
		options:remote_ip=${b_addr} options:key=1 options:csum=true || return 1

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link add ${type}_b type ${type} id 1 ${opts_b} remote ${a_addr} ${opts} || return 1

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel4_b_addr}/${tunnel4_mask} dev ${type}_b
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add ${tunnel6_b_addr}/${tunnel6_mask} dev ${type}_b

	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip link set ${type}_b up
}

setup_ovs_geneve4() {
	setup_ovs_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1
}

setup_ovs_vxlan4() {
	setup_ovs_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1  ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1
}

setup_ovs_geneve6() {
	setup_ovs_vxlan_or_geneve geneve ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1
}

setup_ovs_vxlan6() {
	setup_ovs_vxlan_or_geneve vxlan  ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1 ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1
}

setup_ovs_bridge() {
	run_cmd ovs-vsctl add-br ovs_br0 || return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ip link set ovs_br0 up

	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link add veth_C-A type veth peer name veth_A-C
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link set veth_A-C netns 1

	run_cmd         ip link set veth_A-C up
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip link set veth_C-A up
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip addr add ${veth4_c_addr}/${veth4_mask} dev veth_C-A
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip addr add ${veth6_c_addr}/${veth6_mask} dev veth_C-A
	run_cmd ovs-vsctl add-port ovs_br0 veth_A-C

	# Move veth_A-R1 to init
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set veth_A-R1 netns 1
	run_cmd ip addr add ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.1/${veth4_mask} dev veth_A-R1
	run_cmd ip addr add ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::1/${veth6_mask} dev veth_A-R1
	run_cmd ip link set veth_A-R1 up
	run_cmd ip route add ${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1 via ${prefix4}.${a_r1}.2
	run_cmd ip route add ${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1 via ${prefix6}:${a_r1}::2
}

setup() {
	[ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && echo "  need to run as root" && return $ksft_skip

	for arg do
		eval setup_${arg} || { echo "  ${arg} not supported"; return 1; }
	done
}

trace() {
	[ $TRACING -eq 0 ] && return

	for arg do
		[ "${ns_cmd}" = "" ] && ns_cmd="${arg}" && continue
		${ns_cmd} tcpdump --immediate-mode -s 0 -i "${arg}" -w "${name}_${arg}.pcap" 2> /dev/null &
		tcpdump_pids="${tcpdump_pids} $!"
		ns_cmd=
	done
	sleep 1
}

cleanup() {
	for pid in ${tcpdump_pids}; do
		kill ${pid}
	done
	tcpdump_pids=

	for pid in ${nettest_pids}; do
		kill ${pid}
	done
	nettest_pids=

	for pid in ${socat_pids}; do
		kill "${pid}"
	done
	socat_pids=

	cleanup_all_ns

	ip link del veth_A-C			2>/dev/null
	ip link del veth_A-R1			2>/dev/null
	ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-port vxlan_a	2>/dev/null
	ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-br ovs_br0	2>/dev/null
	rm -f "$tmpoutfile"
}

mtu() {
	ns_cmd="${1}"
	dev="${2}"
	mtu="${3}"

	${ns_cmd} ip link set dev ${dev} mtu ${mtu}
}

mtu_parse() {
	input="${1}"

	next=0
	for i in ${input}; do
		[ ${next} -eq 1 -a "${i}" = "lock" ] && next=2 && continue
		[ ${next} -eq 1 ] && echo "${i}" && return
		[ ${next} -eq 2 ] && echo "lock ${i}" && return
		[ "${i}" = "mtu" ] && next=1
	done
}

link_get() {
	ns_cmd="${1}"
	name="${2}"

	${ns_cmd} ip link show dev "${name}"
}

link_get_mtu() {
	ns_cmd="${1}"
	name="${2}"

	mtu_parse "$(link_get "${ns_cmd}" ${name})"
}

route_get_dst_exception() {
	ns_cmd="${1}"
	dst="${2}"
	dsfield="${3}"

	if [ -z "${dsfield}" ]; then
		dsfield=0
	fi

	${ns_cmd} ip route get "${dst}" dsfield "${dsfield}"
}

route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception() {
	ns_cmd="${1}"
	dst="${2}"
	dsfield="${3}"

	mtu_parse "$(route_get_dst_exception "${ns_cmd}" "${dst}" "${dsfield}")"
}

check_pmtu_value() {
	expected="${1}"
	value="${2}"
	event="${3}"

	[ "${expected}" = "any" ] && [ -n "${value}" ] && return 0
	[ "${value}" = "${expected}" ] && return 0
	[ -z "${value}" ] &&    err "  PMTU exception wasn't created after ${event}" && return 1
	[ -z "${expected}" ] && err "  PMTU exception shouldn't exist after ${event}" && return 1
	err "  found PMTU exception with incorrect MTU ${value}, expected ${expected}, after ${event}"
	return 1
}

test_pmtu_ipvX() {
	family=${1}

	setup namespaces routing || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst1="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
		dst2="${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1"
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst1="${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1"
		dst2="${prefix6}:${b_r2}::1"
	fi

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1400
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1400

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	# Create route exceptions
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 ${dst1}
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 ${dst2}

	# Check that exceptions have been created with the correct PMTU
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst1})"
	check_pmtu_value "1400" "${pmtu_1}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1

	# Decrease local MTU below PMTU, check for PMTU decrease in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 1300
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 1300
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst1})"
	check_pmtu_value "1300" "${pmtu_1}" "decreasing local MTU" || return 1
	# Second exception shouldn't be modified
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "changing local MTU on a link not on this path" || return 1

	# Increase MTU, check for PMTU increase in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 1700
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 1700
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst1})"
	check_pmtu_value "1700" "${pmtu_1}" "increasing local MTU" || return 1
	# Second exception shouldn't be modified
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "changing local MTU on a link not on this path" || return 1

	# Skip PMTU locking tests for IPv6
	[ $family -eq 6 ] && return 0

	# Decrease remote MTU on path via R2, get new exception
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 400
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 400
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1400 ${dst2}
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "lock 552" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU, with MTU < min_pmtu" || return 1

	# Decrease local MTU below PMTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 500
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 500
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "500" "${pmtu_2}" "decreasing local MTU" || return 1

	# Increase local MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 1500
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 1500
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "increasing local MTU" || return 1

	# Get new exception
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1400 ${dst2}
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "lock 552" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU, with MTU < min_pmtu" || return 1
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_dscp_icmp_exception() {
	rt_table=100

	setup namespaces policy_routing || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1400
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1400

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	len=$((2000 - 20 - 8)) # Fills MTU of veth_A-R1

	dst1="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
	dst2="${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1"

	# Create route exceptions
	dsfield=${policy_mark} # No ECN bit set (Not-ECT)
	run_cmd "${ns_a}" ping -q -M want -Q "${dsfield}" -c 1 -w 1 -s "${len}" "${dst1}"

	dsfield=$(printf "%#x" $((policy_mark + 0x02))) # ECN=2 (ECT(0))
	run_cmd "${ns_a}" ping -q -M want -Q "${dsfield}" -c 1 -w 1 -s "${len}" "${dst2}"

	# Check that exceptions have been created with the correct PMTU
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" "${dst1}" "${policy_mark}")"
	check_pmtu_value "1400" "${pmtu_1}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1

	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" "${dst2}" "${policy_mark}")"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_dscp_udp_exception() {
	rt_table=100

	if ! which socat > /dev/null 2>&1; then
		echo "'socat' command not found; skipping tests"
		return $ksft_skip
	fi

	setup namespaces policy_routing || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1400
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1400

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	len=$((2000 - 20 - 8)) # Fills MTU of veth_A-R1

	dst1="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
	dst2="${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1"

	# Create route exceptions
	run_cmd_bg "${ns_b}" socat UDP-LISTEN:50000 OPEN:/dev/null,wronly=1
	socat_pids="${socat_pids} $!"

	dsfield=${policy_mark} # No ECN bit set (Not-ECT)
	run_cmd "${ns_a}" socat OPEN:/dev/zero,rdonly=1,readbytes="${len}" \
		UDP:"${dst1}":50000,tos="${dsfield}"

	dsfield=$(printf "%#x" $((policy_mark + 0x02))) # ECN=2 (ECT(0))
	run_cmd "${ns_a}" socat OPEN:/dev/zero,rdonly=1,readbytes="${len}" \
		UDP:"${dst2}":50000,tos="${dsfield}"

	# Check that exceptions have been created with the correct PMTU
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" "${dst1}" "${policy_mark}")"
	check_pmtu_value "1400" "${pmtu_1}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" "${dst2}" "${policy_mark}")"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception() {
	type=${1}
	family=${2}
	outer_family=${3}
	ll_mtu=4000

	if [ ${outer_family} -eq 4 ]; then
		setup namespaces routing ${type}4 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv4 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 20          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	else
		setup namespaces routing ${type}6 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv6 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 40          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	fi

	trace "${ns_a}" ${type}_a    "${ns_b}"  ${type}_b \
	      "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B

	if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst=${tunnel4_b_addr}
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst=${tunnel6_b_addr}
	fi

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" ${type}_a $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}" ${type}_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst}

	# Check that exception was created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on ${type} interface"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception() {
	type=${1}
	family=${2}
	outer_family=${3}
	ll_mtu=4000

	if [ ${outer_family} -eq 4 ]; then
		setup namespaces routing bridge bridged_${type}4 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv4 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 20          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	else
		setup namespaces routing bridge bridged_${type}6 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv6 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 40          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	fi

	trace "${ns_a}" ${type}_a    "${ns_b}"  ${type}_b \
	      "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B \
	      "${ns_a}" br0          "${ns_a}"  veth-A-C  \
	      "${ns_c}" veth_C-A

	if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst=${tunnel4_b_addr}
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst=${tunnel6_b_addr}
	fi

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_a}"  br0       $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-C  $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_c}"  veth_C-A  $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" ${type}_a $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}" ${type}_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))

	run_cmd ${ns_c} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -c 10 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst} || return 1
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1  -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst} || return 1

	# Check that exceptions were created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_c}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on bridged ${type} interface"
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on locally bridged ${type} interface"

	tmpoutfile=$(mktemp)

	# Flush Exceptions, retry with TCP
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip route flush cached ${dst}
	run_cmd ${ns_b} ip route flush cached ${dst}
	run_cmd ${ns_c} ip route flush cached ${dst}

	for target in "${ns_a}" "${ns_c}" ; do
		if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
			TCPDST=TCP:${dst}:50000
		else
			TCPDST="TCP:[${dst}]:50000"
		fi
		${ns_b} socat -T 3 -u -6 TCP-LISTEN:50000,reuseaddr STDOUT > $tmpoutfile &
		local socat_pid=$!

		wait_local_port_listen ${NS_B} 50000 tcp

		dd if=/dev/zero status=none bs=1M count=1 | ${target} socat -T 3 -u STDIN $TCPDST,connect-timeout=3

		wait ${socat_pid}
		size=$(du -sb $tmpoutfile)
		size=${size%%/tmp/*}

		[ $size -ne 1048576 ] && err "File size $size mismatches exepcted value in locally bridged vxlan test" && return 1
	done

	rm -f "$tmpoutfile"

	# Check that exceptions were created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_c}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "tcp: exceeding link layer MTU on bridged ${type} interface"
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "tcp exceeding link layer MTU on locally bridged ${type} interface"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_br_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_br_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_br_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_br_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_br_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_br_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_br_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_br_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_bridged_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception() {
	type=${1}
	family=${2}
	outer_family=${3}
	ll_mtu=4000

	if [ ${outer_family} -eq 4 ]; then
		setup namespaces routing ovs_bridge ovs_${type}4 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv4 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 20          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	else
		setup namespaces routing ovs_bridge ovs_${type}6 || return $ksft_skip
		#                      IPv6 header   UDP header   VXLAN/GENEVE header   Ethernet header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 40          - 8          - 8                   - 14))
	fi

	if [ "${type}" = "vxlan" ]; then
		tun_a="vxlan_sys_4789"
	elif [ "${type}" = "geneve" ]; then
		tun_a="genev_sys_6081"
	fi

	trace ""        "${tun_a}"  "${ns_b}"  ${type}_b \
	      ""        veth_A-R1   "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1   "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B \
	      ""        ovs_br0     ""         veth-A-C  \
	      "${ns_c}" veth_C-A

	if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst=${tunnel4_b_addr}
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst=${tunnel6_b_addr}
	fi

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu ""         veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu ""         ovs_br0   $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu ""         veth_A-C  $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_c}"  veth_C-A  $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu ""        ${tun_a}  $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}" ${type}_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))

	run_cmd ${ns_c} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -c 20 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst} || return 1

	# Check that exceptions were created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_c}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on Open vSwitch ${type} interface"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ovs_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ovs_vxlan4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ovs_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ovs_geneve4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ovs_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ovs_vxlan6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception vxlan  6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ovs_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ovs_geneve6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ovs_vxlanY_or_geneveY_exception geneve 6 6
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY() {
	inner_family=${1}
	outer_family=${2}
	encap=${3}
	ll_mtu=4000

	setup namespaces routing ${encap}${outer_family}${inner_family} || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" ${encap}_a   "${ns_b}"  ${encap}_b \
	      "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B

	if [ ${inner_family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst=${tunnel4_b_addr}
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst=${tunnel6_b_addr}
	fi

	if [ "${encap}" = "gue" ]; then
		encap_overhead=4
	else
		encap_overhead=0
	fi

	if [ ${outer_family} -eq 4 ]; then
		#                      IPv4 header   UDP header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 20          - 8         - ${encap_overhead}))
	else
		#                      IPv6 header   Option 4   UDP header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 40          - 8        - 8       - ${encap_overhead}))
	fi

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" ${encap}_a $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}" ${encap}_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst}

	# Check that exception was created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on ${encap} interface"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_fou4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 4 4 fou
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_fou4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 6 4 fou
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_fou6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 4 6 fou
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_fou6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 6 6 fou
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_gue4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 4 4 gue
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_gue4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 6 4 gue
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_gue6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 4 6 gue
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_gue6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_fouY_or_gueY 6 6 gue
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ipvY_exception() {
	inner=${1}
	outer=${2}
	ll_mtu=4000

	setup namespaces routing ip${inner}ip${outer} || return $ksft_skip

	trace "${ns_a}" ip_a         "${ns_b}"  ip_b  \
	      "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B

	if [ ${inner} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst=${tunnel4_b_addr}
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst=${tunnel6_b_addr}
	fi

	if [ ${outer} -eq 4 ]; then
		#                      IPv4 header
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 20))
	else
		#                      IPv6 header   Option 4
		exp_mtu=$((${ll_mtu} - 40          - 8))
	fi

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" ip_a $((${ll_mtu} + 1000)) || return
	mtu "${ns_b}" ip_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000)) || return
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${dst}

	# Check that exception was created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst})"
	check_pmtu_value ${exp_mtu} "${pmtu}" "exceeding link layer MTU on ip${inner}ip${outer} interface"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ipv4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ipvY_exception 4 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ipv4_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ipvY_exception 6 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_ipv6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ipvY_exception 4 6
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_ipv6_exception() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_over_ipvY_exception 6 6
}

test_pmtu_vti4_exception() {
	setup namespaces veth vti4 xfrm4 || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_a    "${ns_b}" veth_b \
	      "${ns_a}" vti4_a    "${ns_b}" vti4_b

	veth_mtu=1500
	vti_mtu=$((veth_mtu - 20))

	#                                SPI   SN   IV  ICV   pad length   next header
	esp_payload_rfc4106=$((vti_mtu - 4   - 4  - 8 - 16  - 1          - 1))
	ping_payload=$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 28))

	mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a ${veth_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_b}" veth_b ${veth_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a ${vti_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_b}" vti4_b ${vti_mtu}

	# Send DF packet without exceeding link layer MTU, check that no
	# exception is created
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s ${ping_payload} ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "" "${pmtu}" "sending packet smaller than PMTU (IP payload length ${esp_payload_rfc4106})" || return 1

	# Now exceed link layer MTU by one byte, check that exception is created
	# with the right PMTU value
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((ping_payload + 1)) ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "${esp_payload_rfc4106}" "${pmtu}" "exceeding PMTU (IP payload length $((esp_payload_rfc4106 + 1)))"
}

test_pmtu_vti6_exception() {
	setup namespaces veth vti6 xfrm6 || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_a    "${ns_b}" veth_b \
	      "${ns_a}" vti6_a    "${ns_b}" vti6_b
	fail=0

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a 4000
	mtu "${ns_b}" veth_b 4000
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 5000
	mtu "${ns_b}" vti6_b 5000
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping6} -q -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 60000 ${tunnel6_b_addr}

	# Check that exception was created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value any "${pmtu}" "creating tunnel exceeding link layer MTU" || return 1

	# Decrease tunnel MTU, check for PMTU decrease in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 3000
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "3000" "${pmtu}" "decreasing tunnel MTU" || fail=1

	# Increase tunnel MTU, check for PMTU increase in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 9000
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "9000" "${pmtu}" "increasing tunnel MTU" || fail=1

	return ${fail}
}

test_pmtu_vti4_udp_exception() {
	setup namespaces veth vti4 xfrm4udp || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_a    "${ns_b}" veth_b \
	      "${ns_a}" vti4_a    "${ns_b}" vti4_b

	veth_mtu=1500
	vti_mtu=$((veth_mtu - 20))

	#                                UDP   SPI   SN   IV  ICV   pad length   next header
	esp_payload_rfc4106=$((vti_mtu - 8   - 4   - 4  - 8 - 16  - 1          - 1))
	ping_payload=$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 28))

	mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a ${veth_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_b}" veth_b ${veth_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a ${vti_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_b}" vti4_b ${vti_mtu}

	# Send DF packet without exceeding link layer MTU, check that no
	# exception is created
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s ${ping_payload} ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "" "${pmtu}" "sending packet smaller than PMTU (IP payload length ${esp_payload_rfc4106})" || return 1

	# Now exceed link layer MTU by one byte, check that exception is created
	# with the right PMTU value
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((ping_payload + 1)) ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "${esp_payload_rfc4106}" "${pmtu}" "exceeding PMTU (IP payload length $((esp_payload_rfc4106 + 1)))"
}

test_pmtu_vti6_udp_exception() {
	setup namespaces veth vti6 xfrm6udp || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_a    "${ns_b}" veth_b \
	      "${ns_a}" vti6_a    "${ns_b}" vti6_b
	fail=0

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a 4000
	mtu "${ns_b}" veth_b 4000
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 5000
	mtu "${ns_b}" vti6_b 5000
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping6} -q -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 60000 ${tunnel6_b_addr}

	# Check that exception was created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value any "${pmtu}" "creating tunnel exceeding link layer MTU" || return 1

	# Decrease tunnel MTU, check for PMTU decrease in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 3000
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "3000" "${pmtu}" "decreasing tunnel MTU" || fail=1

	# Increase tunnel MTU, check for PMTU increase in route exception
	mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a 9000
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "9000" "${pmtu}" "increasing tunnel MTU" || fail=1

	return ${fail}
}

test_pmtu_vti4_udp_routed_exception() {
	setup namespaces routing vti4routed xfrm4udprouted || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}" vti4_a       "${ns_b}" vti4_b

	veth_mtu=1500
	vti_mtu=$((veth_mtu - 20))

	#                                UDP   SPI   SN   IV  ICV   pad length   next header
	esp_payload_rfc4106=$((vti_mtu - 8   - 4   - 4  - 8 - 16  - 1          - 1))
	ping_payload=$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 28))

        mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${veth_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a ${vti_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_b}" vti4_b ${vti_mtu}

	# Send DF packet without exceeding link layer MTU, check that no
	# exception is created
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s ${ping_payload} ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "" "${pmtu}" "sending packet smaller than PMTU (IP payload length ${esp_payload_rfc4106})" || return 1

	# Now decrease link layer MTU by 8 bytes on R1, check that exception is created
	# with the right PMTU value
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B $((veth_mtu - 8))
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((ping_payload)) ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel4_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 8))" "${pmtu}" "exceeding PMTU (IP payload length $((esp_payload_rfc4106)))"
}

test_pmtu_vti6_udp_routed_exception() {
	setup namespaces routing vti6routed xfrm6udprouted || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}" vti6_a       "${ns_b}" vti6_b

	veth_mtu=1500
	vti_mtu=$((veth_mtu - 40))

	#                                UDP   SPI   SN   IV  ICV   pad length   next header
	esp_payload_rfc4106=$((vti_mtu - 8   - 4   - 4  - 8 - 16  - 1          - 1))
	ping_payload=$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 48))

        mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${veth_mtu}
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${veth_mtu}

	# mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a ${vti_mtu}
	# mtu "${ns_b}" vti6_b ${vti_mtu}

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping6} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s ${ping_payload} ${tunnel6_b_addr}

	# Check that exception was not created
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "" "${pmtu}" "sending packet smaller than PMTU (IP payload length ${esp_payload_rfc4106})" || return 1

	# Now decrease link layer MTU by 8 bytes on R1, check that exception is created
	# with the right PMTU value
        mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B $((veth_mtu - 8))
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping6} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((ping_payload)) ${tunnel6_b_addr}
	pmtu="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${tunnel6_b_addr})"
	check_pmtu_value "$((esp_payload_rfc4106 - 8))" "${pmtu}" "exceeding PMTU (IP payload length $((esp_payload_rfc4106)))"

}

test_pmtu_vti4_default_mtu() {
	setup namespaces veth vti4 || return $ksft_skip

	# Check that MTU of vti device is MTU of veth minus IPv4 header length
	veth_mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a)"
	vti4_mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a)"
	if [ $((veth_mtu - vti4_mtu)) -ne 20 ]; then
		err "  vti MTU ${vti4_mtu} is not veth MTU ${veth_mtu} minus IPv4 header length"
		return 1
	fi
}

test_pmtu_vti6_default_mtu() {
	setup namespaces veth vti6 || return $ksft_skip

	# Check that MTU of vti device is MTU of veth minus IPv6 header length
	veth_mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" veth_a)"
	vti6_mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
	if [ $((veth_mtu - vti6_mtu)) -ne 40 ]; then
		err "  vti MTU ${vti6_mtu} is not veth MTU ${veth_mtu} minus IPv6 header length"
		return 1
	fi
}

test_pmtu_vti4_link_add_mtu() {
	setup namespaces || return $ksft_skip

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti4_a type vti local ${veth4_a_addr} remote ${veth4_b_addr} key 10
	[ $? -ne 0 ] && err "  vti not supported" && return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti4_a

	fail=0

	min=68
	max=$((65535 - 20))
	# Check invalid values first
	for v in $((min - 1)) $((max + 1)); do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti4_a mtu ${v} type vti local ${veth4_a_addr} remote ${veth4_b_addr} key 10
		# This can fail, or MTU can be adjusted to a proper value
		[ $? -ne 0 ] && continue
		mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a)"
		if [ ${mtu} -lt ${min} -o ${mtu} -gt ${max} ]; then
			err "  vti tunnel created with invalid MTU ${mtu}"
			fail=1
		fi
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti4_a
	done

	# Now check valid values
	for v in ${min} 1300 ${max}; do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti4_a mtu ${v} type vti local ${veth4_a_addr} remote ${veth4_b_addr} key 10
		mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti4_a)"
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti4_a
		if [ "${mtu}" != "${v}" ]; then
			err "  vti MTU ${mtu} doesn't match configured value ${v}"
			fail=1
		fi
	done

	return ${fail}
}

test_pmtu_vti6_link_add_mtu() {
	setup namespaces || return $ksft_skip

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti6_a type vti6 local ${veth6_a_addr} remote ${veth6_b_addr} key 10
	[ $? -ne 0 ] && err "  vti6 not supported" && return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti6_a

	fail=0

	min=68			# vti6 can carry IPv4 packets too
	max=$((65535 - 40))
	# Check invalid values first
	for v in $((min - 1)) $((max + 1)); do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti6_a mtu ${v} type vti6 local ${veth6_a_addr} remote ${veth6_b_addr} key 10
		# This can fail, or MTU can be adjusted to a proper value
		[ $? -ne 0 ] && continue
		mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
		if [ ${mtu} -lt ${min} -o ${mtu} -gt ${max} ]; then
			err "  vti6 tunnel created with invalid MTU ${v}"
			fail=1
		fi
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti6_a
	done

	# Now check valid values
	for v in 68 1280 1300 $((65535 - 40)); do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti6_a mtu ${v} type vti6 local ${veth6_a_addr} remote ${veth6_b_addr} key 10
		mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del vti6_a
		if [ "${mtu}" != "${v}" ]; then
			err "  vti6 MTU ${mtu} doesn't match configured value ${v}"
			fail=1
		fi
	done

	return ${fail}
}

test_pmtu_vti6_link_change_mtu() {
	setup namespaces || return $ksft_skip

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add dummy0 mtu 1500 type dummy
	[ $? -ne 0 ] && err "  dummy not supported" && return $ksft_skip
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add dummy1 mtu 3000 type dummy
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set dummy0 up
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set dummy1 up

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${dummy6_0_prefix}1/${dummy6_mask} dev dummy0
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip addr add ${dummy6_1_prefix}1/${dummy6_mask} dev dummy1

	fail=0

	# Create vti6 interface bound to device, passing MTU, check it
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link add vti6_a mtu 1300 type vti6 remote ${dummy6_0_prefix}2 local ${dummy6_0_prefix}1
	mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
	if [ ${mtu} -ne 1300 ]; then
		err "  vti6 MTU ${mtu} doesn't match configured value 1300"
		fail=1
	fi

	# Move to another device with different MTU, without passing MTU, check
	# MTU is adjusted
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set vti6_a type vti6 remote ${dummy6_1_prefix}2 local ${dummy6_1_prefix}1
	mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
	if [ ${mtu} -ne $((3000 - 40)) ]; then
		err "  vti MTU ${mtu} is not dummy MTU 3000 minus IPv6 header length"
		fail=1
	fi

	# Move it back, passing MTU, check MTU is not overridden
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link set vti6_a mtu 1280 type vti6 remote ${dummy6_0_prefix}2 local ${dummy6_0_prefix}1
	mtu="$(link_get_mtu "${ns_a}" vti6_a)"
	if [ ${mtu} -ne 1280 ]; then
		err "  vti6 MTU ${mtu} doesn't match configured value 1280"
		fail=1
	fi

	return ${fail}
}

check_command() {
	cmd=${1}

	if ! which ${cmd} > /dev/null 2>&1; then
		err "  missing required command: '${cmd}'"
		return 1
	fi
	return 0
}

check_running() {
	pid=${1}
	cmd=${2}

	[ "$(cat /proc/${pid}/cmdline 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\0')" = "${cmd}" ]
}

test_cleanup_vxlanX_exception() {
	outer="${1}"
	encap="vxlan"
	ll_mtu=4000

	check_command taskset || return $ksft_skip
	cpu_list=$(grep -m 2 processor /proc/cpuinfo | cut -d ' ' -f 2)

	setup namespaces routing ${encap}${outer} || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}" ${encap}_a   "${ns_b}"  ${encap}_b \
	      "${ns_a}" veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_b}" veth_B-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B

	# Create route exception by exceeding link layer MTU
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 ${ll_mtu}
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B ${ll_mtu}

	mtu "${ns_a}" ${encap}_a $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))
	mtu "${ns_b}" ${encap}_b $((${ll_mtu} + 1000))

	# Fill exception cache for multiple CPUs (2)
	# we can always use inner IPv4 for that
	for cpu in ${cpu_list}; do
		run_cmd taskset --cpu-list ${cpu} ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s $((${ll_mtu} + 500)) ${tunnel4_b_addr}
	done

	${ns_a} ip link del dev veth_A-R1 &
	iplink_pid=$!
	for i in $(seq 1 20); do
		check_running ${iplink_pid} "iplinkdeldevveth_A-R1" || return 0
		sleep 0.1
	done
	err "  can't delete veth device in a timely manner, PMTU dst likely leaked"
	return 1
}

test_cleanup_ipv6_exception() {
	test_cleanup_vxlanX_exception 6
}

test_cleanup_ipv4_exception() {
	test_cleanup_vxlanX_exception 4
}

run_test() {
	(
	tname="$1"
	tdesc="$2"

	unset IFS

	# Since cleanup() relies on variables modified by this subshell, it
	# has to run in this context.
	trap cleanup EXIT

	if [ "$VERBOSE" = "1" ]; then
		printf "\n##########################################################################\n\n"
	fi

	eval test_${tname}
	ret=$?

	if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then
		printf "TEST: %-60s  [ OK ]\n" "${tdesc}"
	elif [ $ret -eq 1 ]; then
		printf "TEST: %-60s  [FAIL]\n" "${tdesc}"
		if [ "${PAUSE_ON_FAIL}" = "yes" ]; then
			echo
			echo "Pausing. Hit enter to continue"
			read a
		fi
		err_flush
		exit 1
	elif [ $ret -eq $ksft_skip ]; then
		printf "TEST: %-60s  [SKIP]\n" "${tdesc}"
		err_flush
	fi

	return $ret
	)
	ret=$?
	case $ret in
		0)
			all_skipped=false
			[ $exitcode -eq $ksft_skip ] && exitcode=0
		;;
		$ksft_skip)
			[ $all_skipped = true ] && exitcode=$ksft_skip
		;;
		*)
			all_skipped=false
			exitcode=1
		;;
	esac

	return $ret
}

run_test_nh() {
	tname="$1"
	tdesc="$2"

	USE_NH=yes
	run_test "${tname}" "${tdesc} - nexthop objects"
	USE_NH=no
}

test_list_flush_ipv4_exception() {
	setup namespaces routing || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	dst_prefix1="${prefix4}.${b_r1}."
	dst2="${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1"

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1500

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	fail=0

	# Add 100 addresses for veth endpoint on B reached by default A route
	for i in $(seq 100 199); do
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add "${dst_prefix1}${i}" dev veth_B-R1
	done

	# Create 100 cached route exceptions for path via R1, one via R2. Note
	# that with IPv4 we need to actually cause a route lookup that matches
	# the exception caused by ICMP, in order to actually have a cached
	# route, so we need to ping each destination twice
	for i in $(seq 100 199); do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -c 2 -s 1800 "${dst_prefix1}${i}"
	done
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -c 2 -s 1800 "${dst2}"

	if [ "$(${ns_a} ip -oneline route list cache | wc -l)" -ne 101 ]; then
		err "  can't list cached exceptions"
		fail=1
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip route flush cache
	pmtu1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst_prefix}1)"
	pmtu2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst_prefix}2)"
	if [ -n "${pmtu1}" ] || [ -n "${pmtu2}" ] || \
	   [ -n "$(${ns_a} ip route list cache)" ]; then
		err "  can't flush cached exceptions"
		fail=1
	fi

	return ${fail}
}

test_list_flush_ipv6_exception() {
	setup namespaces routing || return $ksft_skip
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	dst_prefix1="${prefix6}:${b_r1}::"
	dst2="${prefix6}:${b_r2}::1"

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1500

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	fail=0

	# Add 100 addresses for veth endpoint on B reached by default A route
	for i in $(seq 100 199); do
		run_cmd ${ns_b} ip addr add "${dst_prefix1}${i}" dev veth_B-R1
	done

	# Create 100 cached route exceptions for path via R1, one via R2
	for i in $(seq 100 199); do
		run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 "${dst_prefix1}${i}"
	done
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ping -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 "${dst2}"
	if [ "$(${ns_a} ip -oneline -6 route list cache | wc -l)" -ne 101 ]; then
		err "  can't list cached exceptions"
		fail=1
	fi

	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip -6 route flush cache
	pmtu1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" "${dst_prefix1}100")"
	pmtu2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	if [ -n "${pmtu1}" ] || [ -n "${pmtu2}" ] || \
	   [ -n "$(${ns_a} ip -6 route list cache)" ]; then
		err "  can't flush cached exceptions"
		fail=1
	fi

	return ${fail}
}

test_pmtu_ipvX_route_change() {
	family=${1}

	setup namespaces routing || return 2
	trace "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1    "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A \
	      "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 \
	      "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2    "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A \
	      "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B    "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2

	if [ ${family} -eq 4 ]; then
		ping=ping
		dst1="${prefix4}.${b_r1}.1"
		dst2="${prefix4}.${b_r2}.1"
		gw="${prefix4}.${a_r1}.2"
	else
		ping=${ping6}
		dst1="${prefix6}:${b_r1}::1"
		dst2="${prefix6}:${b_r2}::1"
		gw="${prefix6}:${a_r1}::2"
	fi

	# Set up initial MTU values
	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R1 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r1}" veth_R1-B 1400
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R1 1400

	mtu "${ns_a}"  veth_A-R2 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-A 2000
	mtu "${ns_r2}" veth_R2-B 1500
	mtu "${ns_b}"  veth_B-R2 1500

	# Create route exceptions
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 ${dst1}
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ${ping} -q -M want -i 0.1 -w 1 -s 1800 ${dst2}

	# Check that exceptions have been created with the correct PMTU
	pmtu_1="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst1})"
	check_pmtu_value "1400" "${pmtu_1}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1
	pmtu_2="$(route_get_dst_pmtu_from_exception "${ns_a}" ${dst2})"
	check_pmtu_value "1500" "${pmtu_2}" "exceeding MTU" || return 1

	# Replace the route from A to R1
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip route change default via ${gw}

	# Delete the device in A
	run_cmd ${ns_a} ip link del "veth_A-R1"
}

test_pmtu_ipv4_route_change() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_route_change 4
}

test_pmtu_ipv6_route_change() {
	test_pmtu_ipvX_route_change 6
}

usage() {
	echo
	echo "$0 [OPTIONS] [TEST]..."
	echo "If no TEST argument is given, all tests will be run."
	echo
	echo "Options"
	echo "  --trace: capture traffic to TEST_INTERFACE.pcap"
	echo
	echo "Available tests${tests}"
	exit 1
}

################################################################################
#
exitcode=0
desc=0
all_skipped=true

while getopts :ptv o
do
	case $o in
	p) PAUSE_ON_FAIL=yes;;
	v) VERBOSE=1;;
	t) if which tcpdump > /dev/null 2>&1; then
		TRACING=1
	   else
		echo "=== tcpdump not available, tracing disabled"
	   fi
	   ;;
	*) usage;;
	esac
done
shift $(($OPTIND-1))

IFS="	
"

for arg do
	# Check first that all requested tests are available before running any
	command -v > /dev/null "test_${arg}" || { echo "=== Test ${arg} not found"; usage; }
done

trap cleanup EXIT

# start clean
cleanup

HAVE_NH=no
ip nexthop ls >/dev/null 2>&1
[ $? -eq 0 ] && HAVE_NH=yes

name=""
desc=""
rerun_nh=0
for t in ${tests}; do
	[ "${name}" = "" ]	&& name="${t}"	&& continue
	[ "${desc}" = "" ]	&& desc="${t}"	&& continue

	if [ "${HAVE_NH}" = "yes" ]; then
		rerun_nh="${t}"
	fi

	run_this=1
	for arg do
		[ "${arg}" != "${arg#--*}" ] && continue
		[ "${arg}" = "${name}" ] && run_this=1 && break
		run_this=0
	done
	if [ $run_this -eq 1 ]; then
		run_test "${name}" "${desc}"
		# if test was skipped no need to retry with nexthop objects
		[ $? -eq $ksft_skip ] && rerun_nh=0

		if [ "${rerun_nh}" = "1" ]; then
			run_test_nh "${name}" "${desc}"
		fi
	fi
	name=""
	desc=""
	rerun_nh=0
done

exit ${exitcode}
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

Deja un comentario

Tu dirección de correo electrónico no será publicada. Los campos obligatorios están marcados con *

¡Hola!