Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-59/include/linux/suspend.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_SUSPEND_H
#define _LINUX_SUSPEND_H

#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <asm/errno.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_VT
extern void pm_set_vt_switch(int);
#else
static inline void pm_set_vt_switch(int do_switch)
{
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE_SLEEP
extern void pm_prepare_console(void);
extern void pm_restore_console(void);
#else
static inline void pm_prepare_console(void)
{
}

static inline void pm_restore_console(void)
{
}
#endif

typedef int __bitwise suspend_state_t;

#define PM_SUSPEND_ON		((__force suspend_state_t) 0)
#define PM_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE	((__force suspend_state_t) 1)
#define PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY	((__force suspend_state_t) 2)
#define PM_SUSPEND_MEM		((__force suspend_state_t) 3)
#define PM_SUSPEND_MIN		PM_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE
#define PM_SUSPEND_MAX		((__force suspend_state_t) 4)

enum suspend_stat_step {
	SUSPEND_FREEZE = 1,
	SUSPEND_PREPARE,
	SUSPEND_SUSPEND,
	SUSPEND_SUSPEND_LATE,
	SUSPEND_SUSPEND_NOIRQ,
	SUSPEND_RESUME_NOIRQ,
	SUSPEND_RESUME_EARLY,
	SUSPEND_RESUME
};

struct suspend_stats {
	int	success;
	int	fail;
	int	failed_freeze;
	int	failed_prepare;
	int	failed_suspend;
	int	failed_suspend_late;
	int	failed_suspend_noirq;
	int	failed_resume;
	int	failed_resume_early;
	int	failed_resume_noirq;
#define	REC_FAILED_NUM	2
	int	last_failed_dev;
	char	failed_devs[REC_FAILED_NUM][40];
	int	last_failed_errno;
	int	errno[REC_FAILED_NUM];
	int	last_failed_step;
	u64	last_hw_sleep;
	u64	total_hw_sleep;
	u64	max_hw_sleep;
	enum suspend_stat_step	failed_steps[REC_FAILED_NUM];
};

extern struct suspend_stats suspend_stats;

static inline void dpm_save_failed_dev(const char *name)
{
	strscpy(suspend_stats.failed_devs[suspend_stats.last_failed_dev],
		name,
		sizeof(suspend_stats.failed_devs[0]));
	suspend_stats.last_failed_dev++;
	suspend_stats.last_failed_dev %= REC_FAILED_NUM;
}

static inline void dpm_save_failed_errno(int err)
{
	suspend_stats.errno[suspend_stats.last_failed_errno] = err;
	suspend_stats.last_failed_errno++;
	suspend_stats.last_failed_errno %= REC_FAILED_NUM;
}

static inline void dpm_save_failed_step(enum suspend_stat_step step)
{
	suspend_stats.failed_steps[suspend_stats.last_failed_step] = step;
	suspend_stats.last_failed_step++;
	suspend_stats.last_failed_step %= REC_FAILED_NUM;
}

/**
 * struct platform_suspend_ops - Callbacks for managing platform dependent
 *	system sleep states.
 *
 * @valid: Callback to determine if given system sleep state is supported by
 *	the platform.
 *	Valid (ie. supported) states are advertised in /sys/power/state.  Note
 *	that it still may be impossible to enter given system sleep state if the
 *	conditions aren't right.
 *	There is the %suspend_valid_only_mem function available that can be
 *	assigned to this if the platform only supports mem sleep.
 *
 * @begin: Initialise a transition to given system sleep state.
 *	@begin() is executed right prior to suspending devices.  The information
 *	conveyed to the platform code by @begin() should be disregarded by it as
 *	soon as @end() is executed.  If @begin() fails (ie. returns nonzero),
 *	@prepare(), @enter() and @finish() will not be called by the PM core.
 *	This callback is optional.  However, if it is implemented, the argument
 *	passed to @enter() is redundant and should be ignored.
 *
 * @prepare: Prepare the platform for entering the system sleep state indicated
 *	by @begin().
 *	@prepare() is called right after devices have been suspended (ie. the
 *	appropriate .suspend() method has been executed for each device) and
 *	before device drivers' late suspend callbacks are executed.  It returns
 *	0 on success or a negative error code otherwise, in which case the
 *	system cannot enter the desired sleep state (@prepare_late(), @enter(),
 *	and @wake() will not be called in that case).
 *
 * @prepare_late: Finish preparing the platform for entering the system sleep
 *	state indicated by @begin().
 *	@prepare_late is called before disabling nonboot CPUs and after
 *	device drivers' late suspend callbacks have been executed.  It returns
 *	0 on success or a negative error code otherwise, in which case the
 *	system cannot enter the desired sleep state (@enter() will not be
 *	executed).
 *
 * @enter: Enter the system sleep state indicated by @begin() or represented by
 *	the argument if @begin() is not implemented.
 *	This callback is mandatory.  It returns 0 on success or a negative
 *	error code otherwise, in which case the system cannot enter the desired
 *	sleep state.
 *
 * @wake: Called when the system has just left a sleep state, right after
 *	the nonboot CPUs have been enabled and before device drivers' early
 *	resume callbacks are executed.
 *	This callback is optional, but should be implemented by the platforms
 *	that implement @prepare_late().  If implemented, it is always called
 *	after @prepare_late and @enter(), even if one of them fails.
 *
 * @finish: Finish wake-up of the platform.
 *	@finish is called right prior to calling device drivers' regular suspend
 *	callbacks.
 *	This callback is optional, but should be implemented by the platforms
 *	that implement @prepare().  If implemented, it is always called after
 *	@enter() and @wake(), even if any of them fails.  It is executed after
 *	a failing @prepare.
 *
 * @suspend_again: Returns whether the system should suspend again (true) or
 *	not (false). If the platform wants to poll sensors or execute some
 *	code during suspended without invoking userspace and most of devices,
 *	suspend_again callback is the place assuming that periodic-wakeup or
 *	alarm-wakeup is already setup. This allows to execute some codes while
 *	being kept suspended in the view of userland and devices.
 *
 * @end: Called by the PM core right after resuming devices, to indicate to
 *	the platform that the system has returned to the working state or
 *	the transition to the sleep state has been aborted.
 *	This callback is optional, but should be implemented by the platforms
 *	that implement @begin().  Accordingly, platforms implementing @begin()
 *	should also provide a @end() which cleans up transitions aborted before
 *	@enter().
 *
 * @recover: Recover the platform from a suspend failure.
 *	Called by the PM core if the suspending of devices fails.
 *	This callback is optional and should only be implemented by platforms
 *	which require special recovery actions in that situation.
 */
struct platform_suspend_ops {
	int (*valid)(suspend_state_t state);
	int (*begin)(suspend_state_t state);
	int (*prepare)(void);
	int (*prepare_late)(void);
	int (*enter)(suspend_state_t state);
	void (*wake)(void);
	void (*finish)(void);
	bool (*suspend_again)(void);
	void (*end)(void);
	void (*recover)(void);
};

struct platform_s2idle_ops {
	int (*begin)(void);
	int (*prepare)(void);
	int (*prepare_late)(void);
	void (*check)(void);
	bool (*wake)(void);
	void (*restore_early)(void);
	void (*restore)(void);
	void (*end)(void);
};

#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
extern suspend_state_t pm_suspend_target_state;
extern suspend_state_t mem_sleep_current;
extern suspend_state_t mem_sleep_default;

/**
 * suspend_set_ops - set platform dependent suspend operations
 * @ops: The new suspend operations to set.
 */
extern void suspend_set_ops(const struct platform_suspend_ops *ops);
extern int suspend_valid_only_mem(suspend_state_t state);

extern unsigned int pm_suspend_global_flags;

#define PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_SUSPEND	BIT(0)
#define PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_RESUME	BIT(1)
#define PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_NO_PLATFORM	BIT(2)

static inline void pm_suspend_clear_flags(void)
{
	pm_suspend_global_flags = 0;
}

static inline void pm_set_suspend_via_firmware(void)
{
	pm_suspend_global_flags |= PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_SUSPEND;
}

static inline void pm_set_resume_via_firmware(void)
{
	pm_suspend_global_flags |= PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_RESUME;
}

static inline void pm_set_suspend_no_platform(void)
{
	pm_suspend_global_flags |= PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_NO_PLATFORM;
}

/**
 * pm_suspend_via_firmware - Check if platform firmware will suspend the system.
 *
 * To be called during system-wide power management transitions to sleep states
 * or during the subsequent system-wide transitions back to the working state.
 *
 * Return 'true' if the platform firmware is going to be invoked at the end of
 * the system-wide power management transition (to a sleep state) in progress in
 * order to complete it, or if the platform firmware has been invoked in order
 * to complete the last (or preceding) transition of the system to a sleep
 * state.
 *
 * This matters if the caller needs or wants to carry out some special actions
 * depending on whether or not control will be passed to the platform firmware
 * subsequently (for example, the device may need to be reset before letting the
 * platform firmware manipulate it, which is not necessary when the platform
 * firmware is not going to be invoked) or when such special actions may have
 * been carried out during the preceding transition of the system to a sleep
 * state (as they may need to be taken into account).
 */
static inline bool pm_suspend_via_firmware(void)
{
	return !!(pm_suspend_global_flags & PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_SUSPEND);
}

/**
 * pm_resume_via_firmware - Check if platform firmware has woken up the system.
 *
 * To be called during system-wide power management transitions from sleep
 * states.
 *
 * Return 'true' if the platform firmware has passed control to the kernel at
 * the beginning of the system-wide power management transition in progress, so
 * the event that woke up the system from sleep has been handled by the platform
 * firmware.
 */
static inline bool pm_resume_via_firmware(void)
{
	return !!(pm_suspend_global_flags & PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_FW_RESUME);
}

/**
 * pm_suspend_no_platform - Check if platform may change device power states.
 *
 * To be called during system-wide power management transitions to sleep states
 * or during the subsequent system-wide transitions back to the working state.
 *
 * Return 'true' if the power states of devices remain under full control of the
 * kernel throughout the system-wide suspend and resume cycle in progress (that
 * is, if a device is put into a certain power state during suspend, it can be
 * expected to remain in that state during resume).
 */
static inline bool pm_suspend_no_platform(void)
{
	return !!(pm_suspend_global_flags & PM_SUSPEND_FLAG_NO_PLATFORM);
}

/* Suspend-to-idle state machnine. */
enum s2idle_states {
	S2IDLE_STATE_NONE,      /* Not suspended/suspending. */
	S2IDLE_STATE_ENTER,     /* Enter suspend-to-idle. */
	S2IDLE_STATE_WAKE,      /* Wake up from suspend-to-idle. */
};

extern enum s2idle_states __read_mostly s2idle_state;

static inline bool idle_should_enter_s2idle(void)
{
	return unlikely(s2idle_state == S2IDLE_STATE_ENTER);
}

extern bool pm_suspend_default_s2idle(void);
extern void __init pm_states_init(void);
extern void s2idle_set_ops(const struct platform_s2idle_ops *ops);
extern void s2idle_wake(void);

/**
 * arch_suspend_disable_irqs - disable IRQs for suspend
 *
 * Disables IRQs (in the default case). This is a weak symbol in the common
 * code and thus allows architectures to override it if more needs to be
 * done. Not called for suspend to disk.
 */
extern void arch_suspend_disable_irqs(void);

/**
 * arch_suspend_enable_irqs - enable IRQs after suspend
 *
 * Enables IRQs (in the default case). This is a weak symbol in the common
 * code and thus allows architectures to override it if more needs to be
 * done. Not called for suspend to disk.
 */
extern void arch_suspend_enable_irqs(void);

extern int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state);
extern bool sync_on_suspend_enabled;
#else /* !CONFIG_SUSPEND */
#define suspend_valid_only_mem	NULL

#define pm_suspend_target_state	(PM_SUSPEND_ON)

static inline void pm_suspend_clear_flags(void) {}
static inline void pm_set_suspend_via_firmware(void) {}
static inline void pm_set_resume_via_firmware(void) {}
static inline bool pm_suspend_via_firmware(void) { return false; }
static inline bool pm_resume_via_firmware(void) { return false; }
static inline bool pm_suspend_no_platform(void) { return false; }
static inline bool pm_suspend_default_s2idle(void) { return false; }

static inline void suspend_set_ops(const struct platform_suspend_ops *ops) {}
static inline int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline bool sync_on_suspend_enabled(void) { return true; }
static inline bool idle_should_enter_s2idle(void) { return false; }
static inline void __init pm_states_init(void) {}
static inline void s2idle_set_ops(const struct platform_s2idle_ops *ops) {}
static inline void s2idle_wake(void) {}
#endif /* !CONFIG_SUSPEND */

/* struct pbe is used for creating lists of pages that should be restored
 * atomically during the resume from disk, because the page frames they have
 * occupied before the suspend are in use.
 */
struct pbe {
	void *address;		/* address of the copy */
	void *orig_address;	/* original address of a page */
	struct pbe *next;
};

/**
 * struct platform_hibernation_ops - hibernation platform support
 *
 * The methods in this structure allow a platform to carry out special
 * operations required by it during a hibernation transition.
 *
 * All the methods below, except for @recover(), must be implemented.
 *
 * @begin: Tell the platform driver that we're starting hibernation.
 *	Called right after shrinking memory and before freezing devices.
 *
 * @end: Called by the PM core right after resuming devices, to indicate to
 *	the platform that the system has returned to the working state.
 *
 * @pre_snapshot: Prepare the platform for creating the hibernation image.
 *	Called right after devices have been frozen and before the nonboot
 *	CPUs are disabled (runs with IRQs on).
 *
 * @finish: Restore the previous state of the platform after the hibernation
 *	image has been created *or* put the platform into the normal operation
 *	mode after the hibernation (the same method is executed in both cases).
 *	Called right after the nonboot CPUs have been enabled and before
 *	thawing devices (runs with IRQs on).
 *
 * @prepare: Prepare the platform for entering the low power state.
 *	Called right after the hibernation image has been saved and before
 *	devices are prepared for entering the low power state.
 *
 * @enter: Put the system into the low power state after the hibernation image
 *	has been saved to disk.
 *	Called after the nonboot CPUs have been disabled and all of the low
 *	level devices have been shut down (runs with IRQs off).
 *
 * @leave: Perform the first stage of the cleanup after the system sleep state
 *	indicated by @set_target() has been left.
 *	Called right after the control has been passed from the boot kernel to
 *	the image kernel, before the nonboot CPUs are enabled and before devices
 *	are resumed.  Executed with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * @pre_restore: Prepare system for the restoration from a hibernation image.
 *	Called right after devices have been frozen and before the nonboot
 *	CPUs are disabled (runs with IRQs on).
 *
 * @restore_cleanup: Clean up after a failing image restoration.
 *	Called right after the nonboot CPUs have been enabled and before
 *	thawing devices (runs with IRQs on).
 *
 * @recover: Recover the platform from a failure to suspend devices.
 *	Called by the PM core if the suspending of devices during hibernation
 *	fails.  This callback is optional and should only be implemented by
 *	platforms which require special recovery actions in that situation.
 */
struct platform_hibernation_ops {
	int (*begin)(pm_message_t stage);
	void (*end)(void);
	int (*pre_snapshot)(void);
	void (*finish)(void);
	int (*prepare)(void);
	int (*enter)(void);
	void (*leave)(void);
	int (*pre_restore)(void);
	void (*restore_cleanup)(void);
	void (*recover)(void);
};

#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
/* kernel/power/snapshot.c */
extern void register_nosave_region(unsigned long b, unsigned long e);
extern int swsusp_page_is_forbidden(struct page *);
extern void swsusp_set_page_free(struct page *);
extern void swsusp_unset_page_free(struct page *);
extern unsigned long get_safe_page(gfp_t gfp_mask);
extern asmlinkage int swsusp_arch_suspend(void);
extern asmlinkage int swsusp_arch_resume(void);

extern u32 swsusp_hardware_signature;
extern void hibernation_set_ops(const struct platform_hibernation_ops *ops);
extern int hibernate(void);
extern bool system_entering_hibernation(void);
extern bool hibernation_available(void);
asmlinkage int swsusp_save(void);
extern struct pbe *restore_pblist;
int pfn_is_nosave(unsigned long pfn);

int hibernate_quiet_exec(int (*func)(void *data), void *data);
int hibernate_resume_nonboot_cpu_disable(void);
int arch_hibernation_header_save(void *addr, unsigned int max_size);
int arch_hibernation_header_restore(void *addr);

#else /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
static inline void register_nosave_region(unsigned long b, unsigned long e) {}
static inline int swsusp_page_is_forbidden(struct page *p) { return 0; }
static inline void swsusp_set_page_free(struct page *p) {}
static inline void swsusp_unset_page_free(struct page *p) {}

static inline void hibernation_set_ops(const struct platform_hibernation_ops *ops) {}
static inline int hibernate(void) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline bool system_entering_hibernation(void) { return false; }
static inline bool hibernation_available(void) { return false; }

static inline int hibernate_quiet_exec(int (*func)(void *data), void *data) {
	return -ENOTSUPP;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */

int arch_resume_nosmt(void);

#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION_SNAPSHOT_DEV
int is_hibernate_resume_dev(dev_t dev);
#else
static inline int is_hibernate_resume_dev(dev_t dev) { return 0; }
#endif

/* Hibernation and suspend events */
#define PM_HIBERNATION_PREPARE	0x0001 /* Going to hibernate */
#define PM_POST_HIBERNATION	0x0002 /* Hibernation finished */
#define PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE	0x0003 /* Going to suspend the system */
#define PM_POST_SUSPEND		0x0004 /* Suspend finished */
#define PM_RESTORE_PREPARE	0x0005 /* Going to restore a saved image */
#define PM_POST_RESTORE		0x0006 /* Restore failed */

extern struct mutex system_transition_mutex;

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
void save_processor_state(void);
void restore_processor_state(void);

/* kernel/power/main.c */
extern int register_pm_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb);
extern int unregister_pm_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb);
extern void ksys_sync_helper(void);
extern void pm_report_hw_sleep_time(u64 t);
extern void pm_report_max_hw_sleep(u64 t);

#define pm_notifier(fn, pri) {				\
	static struct notifier_block fn##_nb =			\
		{ .notifier_call = fn, .priority = pri };	\
	register_pm_notifier(&fn##_nb);			\
}

/* drivers/base/power/wakeup.c */
extern bool events_check_enabled;

static inline bool pm_suspended_storage(void)
{
	return !gfp_has_io_fs(gfp_allowed_mask);
}

extern bool pm_wakeup_pending(void);
extern void pm_system_wakeup(void);
extern void pm_system_cancel_wakeup(void);
extern void pm_wakeup_clear(unsigned int irq_number);
extern void pm_system_irq_wakeup(unsigned int irq_number);
extern unsigned int pm_wakeup_irq(void);
extern bool pm_get_wakeup_count(unsigned int *count, bool block);
extern bool pm_save_wakeup_count(unsigned int count);
extern void pm_wakep_autosleep_enabled(bool set);
extern void pm_print_active_wakeup_sources(void);

extern unsigned int lock_system_sleep(void);
extern void unlock_system_sleep(unsigned int);

#else /* !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

static inline int register_pm_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
	return 0;
}

static inline int unregister_pm_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
	return 0;
}

static inline void pm_report_hw_sleep_time(u64 t) {};
static inline void pm_report_max_hw_sleep(u64 t) {};

static inline void ksys_sync_helper(void) {}

#define pm_notifier(fn, pri)	do { (void)(fn); } while (0)

static inline bool pm_suspended_storage(void) { return false; }
static inline bool pm_wakeup_pending(void) { return false; }
static inline void pm_system_wakeup(void) {}
static inline void pm_wakeup_clear(bool reset) {}
static inline void pm_system_irq_wakeup(unsigned int irq_number) {}

static inline unsigned int lock_system_sleep(void) { return 0; }
static inline void unlock_system_sleep(unsigned int flags) {}

#endif /* !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP_DEBUG
extern bool pm_print_times_enabled;
extern bool pm_debug_messages_on;
extern bool pm_debug_messages_should_print(void);
static inline int pm_dyn_debug_messages_on(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG
	return 1;
#else
	return 0;
#endif
}
#ifndef pr_fmt
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "PM: " fmt
#endif
#define __pm_pr_dbg(fmt, ...)					\
	do {							\
		if (pm_debug_messages_should_print())		\
			printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
		else if (pm_dyn_debug_messages_on())		\
			pr_debug(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
	} while (0)
#define __pm_deferred_pr_dbg(fmt, ...)				\
	do {							\
		if (pm_debug_messages_should_print())		\
			printk_deferred(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
	} while (0)
#else
#define pm_print_times_enabled	(false)
#define pm_debug_messages_on	(false)

#include <linux/printk.h>

#define __pm_pr_dbg(fmt, ...) \
	no_printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define __pm_deferred_pr_dbg(fmt, ...) \
	no_printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif

/**
 * pm_pr_dbg - print pm sleep debug messages
 *
 * If pm_debug_messages_on is enabled and the system is entering/leaving
 *      suspend, print message.
 * If pm_debug_messages_on is disabled and CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is enabled,
 *	print message only from instances explicitly enabled on dynamic debug's
 *	control.
 * If pm_debug_messages_on is disabled and CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is disabled,
 *	don't print message.
 */
#define pm_pr_dbg(fmt, ...) \
	__pm_pr_dbg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#define pm_deferred_pr_dbg(fmt, ...) \
	__pm_deferred_pr_dbg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP

/* kernel/power/autosleep.c */
void queue_up_suspend_work(void);

#else /* !CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP */

static inline void queue_up_suspend_work(void) {}

#endif /* !CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP */

#endif /* _LINUX_SUSPEND_H */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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