Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-59/include/linux/soundwire/sdw.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause) */
/* Copyright(c) 2015-17 Intel Corporation. */

#ifndef __SOUNDWIRE_H
#define __SOUNDWIRE_H

#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/lockdep_types.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/irqdomain.h>
#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
#include <linux/bitfield.h>

struct sdw_bus;
struct sdw_slave;

/* SDW spec defines and enums, as defined by MIPI 1.1. Spec */

/* SDW Broadcast Device Number */
#define SDW_BROADCAST_DEV_NUM		15

/* SDW Enumeration Device Number */
#define SDW_ENUM_DEV_NUM		0

/* SDW Group Device Numbers */
#define SDW_GROUP12_DEV_NUM		12
#define SDW_GROUP13_DEV_NUM		13

/* SDW Master Device Number, not supported yet */
#define SDW_MASTER_DEV_NUM		14

#define SDW_NUM_DEV_ID_REGISTERS	6
/* frame shape defines */

/*
 * Note: The maximum row define in SoundWire spec 1.1 is 23. In order to
 * fill hole with 0, one more dummy entry is added
 */
#define SDW_FRAME_ROWS		24
#define SDW_FRAME_COLS		8
#define SDW_FRAME_ROW_COLS		(SDW_FRAME_ROWS * SDW_FRAME_COLS)

#define SDW_FRAME_CTRL_BITS		48
#define SDW_MAX_DEVICES			11

#define SDW_MAX_PORTS			15
#define SDW_VALID_PORT_RANGE(n)		((n) < SDW_MAX_PORTS && (n) >= 1)

enum {
	SDW_PORT_DIRN_SINK = 0,
	SDW_PORT_DIRN_SOURCE,
	SDW_PORT_DIRN_MAX,
};

/*
 * constants for flow control, ports and transport
 *
 * these are bit masks as devices can have multiple capabilities
 */

/*
 * flow modes for SDW port. These can be isochronous, tx controlled,
 * rx controlled or async
 */
#define SDW_PORT_FLOW_MODE_ISOCH	0
#define SDW_PORT_FLOW_MODE_TX_CNTRL	BIT(0)
#define SDW_PORT_FLOW_MODE_RX_CNTRL	BIT(1)
#define SDW_PORT_FLOW_MODE_ASYNC	GENMASK(1, 0)

/* sample packaging for block. It can be per port or per channel */
#define SDW_BLOCK_PACKG_PER_PORT	BIT(0)
#define SDW_BLOCK_PACKG_PER_CH		BIT(1)

/**
 * enum sdw_slave_status - Slave status
 * @SDW_SLAVE_UNATTACHED: Slave is not attached with the bus.
 * @SDW_SLAVE_ATTACHED: Slave is attached with bus.
 * @SDW_SLAVE_ALERT: Some alert condition on the Slave
 * @SDW_SLAVE_RESERVED: Reserved for future use
 */
enum sdw_slave_status {
	SDW_SLAVE_UNATTACHED = 0,
	SDW_SLAVE_ATTACHED = 1,
	SDW_SLAVE_ALERT = 2,
	SDW_SLAVE_RESERVED = 3,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_clk_stop_type: clock stop operations
 *
 * @SDW_CLK_PRE_PREPARE: pre clock stop prepare
 * @SDW_CLK_POST_PREPARE: post clock stop prepare
 * @SDW_CLK_PRE_DEPREPARE: pre clock stop de-prepare
 * @SDW_CLK_POST_DEPREPARE: post clock stop de-prepare
 */
enum sdw_clk_stop_type {
	SDW_CLK_PRE_PREPARE = 0,
	SDW_CLK_POST_PREPARE,
	SDW_CLK_PRE_DEPREPARE,
	SDW_CLK_POST_DEPREPARE,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_command_response - Command response as defined by SDW spec
 * @SDW_CMD_OK: cmd was successful
 * @SDW_CMD_IGNORED: cmd was ignored
 * @SDW_CMD_FAIL: cmd was NACKed
 * @SDW_CMD_TIMEOUT: cmd timedout
 * @SDW_CMD_FAIL_OTHER: cmd failed due to other reason than above
 *
 * NOTE: The enum is different than actual Spec as response in the Spec is
 * combination of ACK/NAK bits
 *
 * SDW_CMD_TIMEOUT/FAIL_OTHER is defined for SW use, not in spec
 */
enum sdw_command_response {
	SDW_CMD_OK = 0,
	SDW_CMD_IGNORED = 1,
	SDW_CMD_FAIL = 2,
	SDW_CMD_TIMEOUT = 3,
	SDW_CMD_FAIL_OTHER = 4,
};

/* block group count enum */
enum sdw_dpn_grouping {
	SDW_BLK_GRP_CNT_1 = 0,
	SDW_BLK_GRP_CNT_2 = 1,
	SDW_BLK_GRP_CNT_3 = 2,
	SDW_BLK_GRP_CNT_4 = 3,
};

/* block packing mode enum */
enum sdw_dpn_pkg_mode {
	SDW_BLK_PKG_PER_PORT = 0,
	SDW_BLK_PKG_PER_CHANNEL = 1
};

/**
 * enum sdw_stream_type: data stream type
 *
 * @SDW_STREAM_PCM: PCM data stream
 * @SDW_STREAM_PDM: PDM data stream
 *
 * spec doesn't define this, but is used in implementation
 */
enum sdw_stream_type {
	SDW_STREAM_PCM = 0,
	SDW_STREAM_PDM = 1,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_data_direction: Data direction
 *
 * @SDW_DATA_DIR_RX: Data into Port
 * @SDW_DATA_DIR_TX: Data out of Port
 */
enum sdw_data_direction {
	SDW_DATA_DIR_RX = 0,
	SDW_DATA_DIR_TX = 1,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_port_data_mode: Data Port mode
 *
 * @SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_NORMAL: Normal data mode where audio data is received
 * and transmitted.
 * @SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_PRBS: Test mode which uses a PRBS generator to produce
 * a pseudo random data pattern that is transferred
 * @SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_STATIC_0: Simple test mode which uses static value of
 * logic 0. The encoding will result in no signal transitions
 * @SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_STATIC_1: Simple test mode which uses static value of
 * logic 1. The encoding will result in signal transitions at every bitslot
 * owned by this Port
 */
enum sdw_port_data_mode {
	SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_NORMAL = 0,
	SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_PRBS = 1,
	SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_STATIC_0 = 2,
	SDW_PORT_DATA_MODE_STATIC_1 = 3,
};

/*
 * SDW properties, defined in MIPI DisCo spec v1.0
 */
enum sdw_clk_stop_reset_behave {
	SDW_CLK_STOP_KEEP_STATUS = 1,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_p15_behave - Slave Port 15 behaviour when the Master attempts a
 * read
 * @SDW_P15_READ_IGNORED: Read is ignored
 * @SDW_P15_CMD_OK: Command is ok
 */
enum sdw_p15_behave {
	SDW_P15_READ_IGNORED = 0,
	SDW_P15_CMD_OK = 1,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_dpn_type - Data port types
 * @SDW_DPN_FULL: Full Data Port is supported
 * @SDW_DPN_SIMPLE: Simplified Data Port as defined in spec.
 * DPN_SampleCtrl2, DPN_OffsetCtrl2, DPN_HCtrl and DPN_BlockCtrl3
 * are not implemented.
 * @SDW_DPN_REDUCED: Reduced Data Port as defined in spec.
 * DPN_SampleCtrl2, DPN_HCtrl are not implemented.
 */
enum sdw_dpn_type {
	SDW_DPN_FULL = 0,
	SDW_DPN_SIMPLE = 1,
	SDW_DPN_REDUCED = 2,
};

/**
 * enum sdw_clk_stop_mode - Clock Stop modes
 * @SDW_CLK_STOP_MODE0: Slave can continue operation seamlessly on clock
 * restart
 * @SDW_CLK_STOP_MODE1: Slave may have entered a deeper power-saving mode,
 * not capable of continuing operation seamlessly when the clock restarts
 */
enum sdw_clk_stop_mode {
	SDW_CLK_STOP_MODE0 = 0,
	SDW_CLK_STOP_MODE1 = 1,
};

/**
 * struct sdw_dp0_prop - DP0 properties
 * @max_word: Maximum number of bits in a Payload Channel Sample, 1 to 64
 * (inclusive)
 * @min_word: Minimum number of bits in a Payload Channel Sample, 1 to 64
 * (inclusive)
 * @num_words: number of wordlengths supported
 * @words: wordlengths supported
 * @BRA_flow_controlled: Slave implementation results in an OK_NotReady
 * response
 * @simple_ch_prep_sm: If channel prepare sequence is required
 * @imp_def_interrupts: If set, each bit corresponds to support for
 * implementation-defined interrupts
 *
 * The wordlengths are specified by Spec as max, min AND number of
 * discrete values, implementation can define based on the wordlengths they
 * support
 */
struct sdw_dp0_prop {
	u32 max_word;
	u32 min_word;
	u32 num_words;
	u32 *words;
	bool BRA_flow_controlled;
	bool simple_ch_prep_sm;
	bool imp_def_interrupts;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_dpn_audio_mode - Audio mode properties for DPn
 * @bus_min_freq: Minimum bus frequency, in Hz
 * @bus_max_freq: Maximum bus frequency, in Hz
 * @bus_num_freq: Number of discrete frequencies supported
 * @bus_freq: Discrete bus frequencies, in Hz
 * @min_freq: Minimum sampling frequency, in Hz
 * @max_freq: Maximum sampling bus frequency, in Hz
 * @num_freq: Number of discrete sampling frequency supported
 * @freq: Discrete sampling frequencies, in Hz
 * @prep_ch_behave: Specifies the dependencies between Channel Prepare
 * sequence and bus clock configuration
 * If 0, Channel Prepare can happen at any Bus clock rate
 * If 1, Channel Prepare sequence shall happen only after Bus clock is
 * changed to a frequency supported by this mode or compatible modes
 * described by the next field
 * @glitchless: Bitmap describing possible glitchless transitions from this
 * Audio Mode to other Audio Modes
 */
struct sdw_dpn_audio_mode {
	u32 bus_min_freq;
	u32 bus_max_freq;
	u32 bus_num_freq;
	u32 *bus_freq;
	u32 max_freq;
	u32 min_freq;
	u32 num_freq;
	u32 *freq;
	u32 prep_ch_behave;
	u32 glitchless;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_dpn_prop - Data Port DPn properties
 * @num: port number
 * @max_word: Maximum number of bits in a Payload Channel Sample, 1 to 64
 * (inclusive)
 * @min_word: Minimum number of bits in a Payload Channel Sample, 1 to 64
 * (inclusive)
 * @num_words: Number of discrete supported wordlengths
 * @words: Discrete supported wordlength
 * @type: Data port type. Full, Simplified or Reduced
 * @max_grouping: Maximum number of samples that can be grouped together for
 * a full data port
 * @simple_ch_prep_sm: If the port supports simplified channel prepare state
 * machine
 * @ch_prep_timeout: Port-specific timeout value, in milliseconds
 * @imp_def_interrupts: If set, each bit corresponds to support for
 * implementation-defined interrupts
 * @max_ch: Maximum channels supported
 * @min_ch: Minimum channels supported
 * @num_channels: Number of discrete channels supported
 * @channels: Discrete channels supported
 * @num_ch_combinations: Number of channel combinations supported
 * @ch_combinations: Channel combinations supported
 * @modes: SDW mode supported
 * @max_async_buffer: Number of samples that this port can buffer in
 * asynchronous modes
 * @block_pack_mode: Type of block port mode supported
 * @read_only_wordlength: Read Only wordlength field in DPN_BlockCtrl1 register
 * @port_encoding: Payload Channel Sample encoding schemes supported
 * @audio_modes: Audio modes supported
 */
struct sdw_dpn_prop {
	u32 num;
	u32 max_word;
	u32 min_word;
	u32 num_words;
	u32 *words;
	enum sdw_dpn_type type;
	u32 max_grouping;
	bool simple_ch_prep_sm;
	u32 ch_prep_timeout;
	u32 imp_def_interrupts;
	u32 max_ch;
	u32 min_ch;
	u32 num_channels;
	u32 *channels;
	u32 num_ch_combinations;
	u32 *ch_combinations;
	u32 modes;
	u32 max_async_buffer;
	bool block_pack_mode;
	bool read_only_wordlength;
	u32 port_encoding;
	struct sdw_dpn_audio_mode *audio_modes;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_slave_prop - SoundWire Slave properties
 * @mipi_revision: Spec version of the implementation
 * @wake_capable: Wake-up events are supported
 * @test_mode_capable: If test mode is supported
 * @clk_stop_mode1: Clock-Stop Mode 1 is supported
 * @simple_clk_stop_capable: Simple clock mode is supported
 * @clk_stop_timeout: Worst-case latency of the Clock Stop Prepare State
 * Machine transitions, in milliseconds
 * @ch_prep_timeout: Worst-case latency of the Channel Prepare State Machine
 * transitions, in milliseconds
 * @reset_behave: Slave keeps the status of the SlaveStopClockPrepare
 * state machine (P=1 SCSP_SM) after exit from clock-stop mode1
 * @high_PHY_capable: Slave is HighPHY capable
 * @paging_support: Slave implements paging registers SCP_AddrPage1 and
 * SCP_AddrPage2
 * @bank_delay_support: Slave implements bank delay/bridge support registers
 * SCP_BankDelay and SCP_NextFrame
 * @p15_behave: Slave behavior when the Master attempts a read to the Port15
 * alias
 * @lane_control_support: Slave supports lane control
 * @master_count: Number of Masters present on this Slave
 * @source_ports: Bitmap identifying source ports
 * @sink_ports: Bitmap identifying sink ports
 * @dp0_prop: Data Port 0 properties
 * @src_dpn_prop: Source Data Port N properties
 * @sink_dpn_prop: Sink Data Port N properties
 * @scp_int1_mask: SCP_INT1_MASK desired settings
 * @quirks: bitmask identifying deltas from the MIPI specification
 * @clock_reg_supported: the Peripheral implements the clock base and scale
 * registers introduced with the SoundWire 1.2 specification. SDCA devices
 * do not need to set this boolean property as the registers are required.
 * @use_domain_irq: call actual IRQ handler on slave, as well as callback
 */
struct sdw_slave_prop {
	u32 mipi_revision;
	bool wake_capable;
	bool test_mode_capable;
	bool clk_stop_mode1;
	bool simple_clk_stop_capable;
	u32 clk_stop_timeout;
	u32 ch_prep_timeout;
	enum sdw_clk_stop_reset_behave reset_behave;
	bool high_PHY_capable;
	bool paging_support;
	bool bank_delay_support;
	enum sdw_p15_behave p15_behave;
	bool lane_control_support;
	u32 master_count;
	u32 source_ports;
	u32 sink_ports;
	struct sdw_dp0_prop *dp0_prop;
	struct sdw_dpn_prop *src_dpn_prop;
	struct sdw_dpn_prop *sink_dpn_prop;
	u8 scp_int1_mask;
	u32 quirks;
	bool clock_reg_supported;
	bool use_domain_irq;
};

#define SDW_SLAVE_QUIRKS_INVALID_INITIAL_PARITY	BIT(0)

/**
 * struct sdw_master_prop - Master properties
 * @revision: MIPI spec version of the implementation
 * @clk_stop_modes: Bitmap, bit N set when clock-stop-modeN supported
 * @max_clk_freq: Maximum Bus clock frequency, in Hz
 * @num_clk_gears: Number of clock gears supported
 * @clk_gears: Clock gears supported
 * @num_clk_freq: Number of clock frequencies supported, in Hz
 * @clk_freq: Clock frequencies supported, in Hz
 * @default_frame_rate: Controller default Frame rate, in Hz
 * @default_row: Number of rows
 * @default_col: Number of columns
 * @dynamic_frame: Dynamic frame shape supported
 * @err_threshold: Number of times that software may retry sending a single
 * command
 * @mclk_freq: clock reference passed to SoundWire Master, in Hz.
 * @hw_disabled: if true, the Master is not functional, typically due to pin-mux
 * @quirks: bitmask identifying optional behavior beyond the scope of the MIPI specification
 */
struct sdw_master_prop {
	u32 revision;
	u32 clk_stop_modes;
	u32 max_clk_freq;
	u32 num_clk_gears;
	u32 *clk_gears;
	u32 num_clk_freq;
	u32 *clk_freq;
	u32 default_frame_rate;
	u32 default_row;
	u32 default_col;
	bool dynamic_frame;
	u32 err_threshold;
	u32 mclk_freq;
	bool hw_disabled;
	u64 quirks;
};

/* Definitions for Master quirks */

/*
 * In a number of platforms bus clashes are reported after a hardware
 * reset but without any explanations or evidence of a real problem.
 * The following quirk will discard all initial bus clash interrupts
 * but will leave the detection on should real bus clashes happen
 */
#define SDW_MASTER_QUIRKS_CLEAR_INITIAL_CLASH	BIT(0)

/*
 * Some Slave devices have known issues with incorrect parity errors
 * reported after a hardware reset. However during integration unexplained
 * parity errors can be reported by Slave devices, possibly due to electrical
 * issues at the Master level.
 * The following quirk will discard all initial parity errors but will leave
 * the detection on should real parity errors happen.
 */
#define SDW_MASTER_QUIRKS_CLEAR_INITIAL_PARITY	BIT(1)

int sdw_master_read_prop(struct sdw_bus *bus);
int sdw_slave_read_prop(struct sdw_slave *slave);

/*
 * SDW Slave Structures and APIs
 */

#define SDW_IGNORED_UNIQUE_ID 0xFF

/**
 * struct sdw_slave_id - Slave ID
 * @mfg_id: MIPI Manufacturer ID
 * @part_id: Device Part ID
 * @class_id: MIPI Class ID (defined starting with SoundWire 1.2 spec)
 * @unique_id: Device unique ID
 * @sdw_version: SDW version implemented
 *
 * The order of the IDs here does not follow the DisCo spec definitions
 */
struct sdw_slave_id {
	__u16 mfg_id;
	__u16 part_id;
	__u8 class_id;
	__u8 unique_id;
	__u8 sdw_version:4;
};

struct sdw_extended_slave_id {
	int link_id;
	struct sdw_slave_id id;
};

/*
 * Helper macros to extract the MIPI-defined IDs
 *
 * Spec definition
 *   Register		Bit	Contents
 *   DevId_0 [7:4]	47:44	sdw_version
 *   DevId_0 [3:0]	43:40	unique_id
 *   DevId_1		39:32	mfg_id [15:8]
 *   DevId_2		31:24	mfg_id [7:0]
 *   DevId_3		23:16	part_id [15:8]
 *   DevId_4		15:08	part_id [7:0]
 *   DevId_5		07:00	class_id
 *
 * The MIPI DisCo for SoundWire defines in addition the link_id as bits 51:48
 */
#define SDW_DISCO_LINK_ID_MASK	GENMASK_ULL(51, 48)
#define SDW_VERSION_MASK	GENMASK_ULL(47, 44)
#define SDW_UNIQUE_ID_MASK	GENMASK_ULL(43, 40)
#define SDW_MFG_ID_MASK		GENMASK_ULL(39, 24)
#define SDW_PART_ID_MASK	GENMASK_ULL(23, 8)
#define SDW_CLASS_ID_MASK	GENMASK_ULL(7, 0)

#define SDW_DISCO_LINK_ID(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_DISCO_LINK_ID_MASK, addr)
#define SDW_VERSION(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_VERSION_MASK, addr)
#define SDW_UNIQUE_ID(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_UNIQUE_ID_MASK, addr)
#define SDW_MFG_ID(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_MFG_ID_MASK, addr)
#define SDW_PART_ID(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_PART_ID_MASK, addr)
#define SDW_CLASS_ID(addr)	FIELD_GET(SDW_CLASS_ID_MASK, addr)

/**
 * struct sdw_slave_intr_status - Slave interrupt status
 * @sdca_cascade: set if the Slave device reports an SDCA interrupt
 * @control_port: control port status
 * @port: data port status
 */
struct sdw_slave_intr_status {
	bool sdca_cascade;
	u8 control_port;
	u8 port[15];
};

/**
 * sdw_reg_bank - SoundWire register banks
 * @SDW_BANK0: Soundwire register bank 0
 * @SDW_BANK1: Soundwire register bank 1
 */
enum sdw_reg_bank {
	SDW_BANK0,
	SDW_BANK1,
};

/**
 * struct sdw_bus_conf: Bus configuration
 *
 * @clk_freq: Clock frequency, in Hz
 * @num_rows: Number of rows in frame
 * @num_cols: Number of columns in frame
 * @bank: Next register bank
 */
struct sdw_bus_conf {
	unsigned int clk_freq;
	unsigned int num_rows;
	unsigned int num_cols;
	unsigned int bank;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_prepare_ch: Prepare/De-prepare Data Port channel
 *
 * @num: Port number
 * @ch_mask: Active channel mask
 * @prepare: Prepare (true) /de-prepare (false) channel
 * @bank: Register bank, which bank Slave/Master driver should program for
 * implementation defined registers. This is always updated to next_bank
 * value read from bus params.
 *
 */
struct sdw_prepare_ch {
	unsigned int num;
	unsigned int ch_mask;
	bool prepare;
	unsigned int bank;
};

/**
 * enum sdw_port_prep_ops: Prepare operations for Data Port
 *
 * @SDW_OPS_PORT_PRE_PREP: Pre prepare operation for the Port
 * @SDW_OPS_PORT_PRE_DEPREP: Pre deprepare operation for the Port
 * @SDW_OPS_PORT_POST_PREP: Post prepare operation for the Port
 * @SDW_OPS_PORT_POST_DEPREP: Post deprepare operation for the Port
 */
enum sdw_port_prep_ops {
	SDW_OPS_PORT_PRE_PREP = 0,
	SDW_OPS_PORT_PRE_DEPREP,
	SDW_OPS_PORT_POST_PREP,
	SDW_OPS_PORT_POST_DEPREP,
};

/**
 * struct sdw_bus_params: Structure holding bus configuration
 *
 * @curr_bank: Current bank in use (BANK0/BANK1)
 * @next_bank: Next bank to use (BANK0/BANK1). next_bank will always be
 * set to !curr_bank
 * @max_dr_freq: Maximum double rate clock frequency supported, in Hz
 * @curr_dr_freq: Current double rate clock frequency, in Hz
 * @bandwidth: Current bandwidth
 * @col: Active columns
 * @row: Active rows
 * @s_data_mode: NORMAL, STATIC or PRBS mode for all Slave ports
 * @m_data_mode: NORMAL, STATIC or PRBS mode for all Master ports. The value
 * should be the same to detect transmission issues, but can be different to
 * test the interrupt reports
 */
struct sdw_bus_params {
	enum sdw_reg_bank curr_bank;
	enum sdw_reg_bank next_bank;
	unsigned int max_dr_freq;
	unsigned int curr_dr_freq;
	unsigned int bandwidth;
	unsigned int col;
	unsigned int row;
	int s_data_mode;
	int m_data_mode;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_slave_ops: Slave driver callback ops
 *
 * @read_prop: Read Slave properties
 * @interrupt_callback: Device interrupt notification (invoked in thread
 * context)
 * @update_status: Update Slave status
 * @bus_config: Update the bus config for Slave
 * @port_prep: Prepare the port with parameters
 * @clk_stop: handle imp-def sequences before and after prepare and de-prepare
 */
struct sdw_slave_ops {
	int (*read_prop)(struct sdw_slave *sdw);
	int (*interrupt_callback)(struct sdw_slave *slave,
				  struct sdw_slave_intr_status *status);
	int (*update_status)(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			     enum sdw_slave_status status);
	int (*bus_config)(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			  struct sdw_bus_params *params);
	int (*port_prep)(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			 struct sdw_prepare_ch *prepare_ch,
			 enum sdw_port_prep_ops pre_ops);
	int (*clk_stop)(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			enum sdw_clk_stop_mode mode,
			enum sdw_clk_stop_type type);

};

/**
 * struct sdw_slave - SoundWire Slave
 * @id: MIPI device ID
 * @dev: Linux device
 * @irq: IRQ number
 * @status: Status reported by the Slave
 * @bus: Bus handle
 * @prop: Slave properties
 * @debugfs: Slave debugfs
 * @node: node for bus list
 * @port_ready: Port ready completion flag for each Slave port
 * @m_port_map: static Master port map for each Slave port
 * @dev_num: Current Device Number, values can be 0 or dev_num_sticky
 * @dev_num_sticky: one-time static Device Number assigned by Bus
 * @probed: boolean tracking driver state
 * @enumeration_complete: completion utility to control potential races
 * on startup between device enumeration and read/write access to the
 * Slave device
 * @initialization_complete: completion utility to control potential races
 * on startup between device enumeration and settings being restored
 * @unattach_request: mask field to keep track why the Slave re-attached and
 * was re-initialized. This is useful to deal with potential race conditions
 * between the Master suspending and the codec resuming, and make sure that
 * when the Master triggered a reset the Slave is properly enumerated and
 * initialized
 * @first_interrupt_done: status flag tracking if the interrupt handling
 * for a Slave happens for the first time after enumeration
 * @is_mockup_device: status flag used to squelch errors in the command/control
 * protocol for SoundWire mockup devices
 * @sdw_dev_lock: mutex used to protect callbacks/remove races
 */
struct sdw_slave {
	struct sdw_slave_id id;
	struct device dev;
	int irq;
	enum sdw_slave_status status;
	struct sdw_bus *bus;
	struct sdw_slave_prop prop;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
	struct dentry *debugfs;
#endif
	struct list_head node;
	struct completion port_ready[SDW_MAX_PORTS];
	unsigned int m_port_map[SDW_MAX_PORTS];
	u16 dev_num;
	u16 dev_num_sticky;
	bool probed;
	struct completion enumeration_complete;
	struct completion initialization_complete;
	u32 unattach_request;
	bool first_interrupt_done;
	bool is_mockup_device;
	struct mutex sdw_dev_lock; /* protect callbacks/remove races */
};

#define dev_to_sdw_dev(_dev) container_of(_dev, struct sdw_slave, dev)

/**
 * struct sdw_master_device - SoundWire 'Master Device' representation
 * @dev: Linux device for this Master
 * @bus: Bus handle shortcut
 */
struct sdw_master_device {
	struct device dev;
	struct sdw_bus *bus;
};

#define dev_to_sdw_master_device(d)	\
	container_of(d, struct sdw_master_device, dev)

struct sdw_driver {
	const char *name;

	int (*probe)(struct sdw_slave *sdw,
			const struct sdw_device_id *id);
	int (*remove)(struct sdw_slave *sdw);
	void (*shutdown)(struct sdw_slave *sdw);

	const struct sdw_device_id *id_table;
	const struct sdw_slave_ops *ops;

	struct device_driver driver;
};

#define SDW_SLAVE_ENTRY_EXT(_mfg_id, _part_id, _version, _c_id, _drv_data) \
	{ .mfg_id = (_mfg_id), .part_id = (_part_id),		\
	  .sdw_version = (_version), .class_id = (_c_id),	\
	  .driver_data = (unsigned long)(_drv_data) }

#define SDW_SLAVE_ENTRY(_mfg_id, _part_id, _drv_data)	\
	SDW_SLAVE_ENTRY_EXT((_mfg_id), (_part_id), 0, 0, (_drv_data))

int sdw_handle_slave_status(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			enum sdw_slave_status status[]);

/*
 * SDW master structures and APIs
 */

/**
 * struct sdw_port_params: Data Port parameters
 *
 * @num: Port number
 * @bps: Word length of the Port
 * @flow_mode: Port Data flow mode
 * @data_mode: Test modes or normal mode
 *
 * This is used to program the Data Port based on Data Port stream
 * parameters.
 */
struct sdw_port_params {
	unsigned int num;
	unsigned int bps;
	unsigned int flow_mode;
	unsigned int data_mode;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_transport_params: Data Port Transport Parameters
 *
 * @blk_grp_ctrl_valid: Port implements block group control
 * @num: Port number
 * @blk_grp_ctrl: Block group control value
 * @sample_interval: Sample interval
 * @offset1: Blockoffset of the payload data
 * @offset2: Blockoffset of the payload data
 * @hstart: Horizontal start of the payload data
 * @hstop: Horizontal stop of the payload data
 * @blk_pkg_mode: Block per channel or block per port
 * @lane_ctrl: Data lane Port uses for Data transfer. Currently only single
 * data lane is supported in bus
 *
 * This is used to program the Data Port based on Data Port transport
 * parameters. All these parameters are banked and can be modified
 * during a bank switch without any artifacts in audio stream.
 */
struct sdw_transport_params {
	bool blk_grp_ctrl_valid;
	unsigned int port_num;
	unsigned int blk_grp_ctrl;
	unsigned int sample_interval;
	unsigned int offset1;
	unsigned int offset2;
	unsigned int hstart;
	unsigned int hstop;
	unsigned int blk_pkg_mode;
	unsigned int lane_ctrl;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_enable_ch: Enable/disable Data Port channel
 *
 * @num: Port number
 * @ch_mask: Active channel mask
 * @enable: Enable (true) /disable (false) channel
 */
struct sdw_enable_ch {
	unsigned int port_num;
	unsigned int ch_mask;
	bool enable;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_master_port_ops: Callback functions from bus to Master
 * driver to set Master Data ports.
 *
 * @dpn_set_port_params: Set the Port parameters for the Master Port.
 * Mandatory callback
 * @dpn_set_port_transport_params: Set transport parameters for the Master
 * Port. Mandatory callback
 * @dpn_port_prep: Port prepare operations for the Master Data Port.
 * @dpn_port_enable_ch: Enable the channels of Master Port.
 */
struct sdw_master_port_ops {
	int (*dpn_set_port_params)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			struct sdw_port_params *port_params,
			unsigned int bank);
	int (*dpn_set_port_transport_params)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			struct sdw_transport_params *transport_params,
			enum sdw_reg_bank bank);
	int (*dpn_port_prep)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			struct sdw_prepare_ch *prepare_ch);
	int (*dpn_port_enable_ch)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			struct sdw_enable_ch *enable_ch, unsigned int bank);
};

struct sdw_msg;

/**
 * struct sdw_defer - SDW deffered message
 * @length: message length
 * @complete: message completion
 * @msg: SDW message
 */
struct sdw_defer {
	int length;
	struct completion complete;
	struct sdw_msg *msg;
};

/**
 * struct sdw_master_ops - Master driver ops
 * @read_prop: Read Master properties
 * @override_adr: Override value read from firmware (quirk for buggy firmware)
 * @xfer_msg: Transfer message callback
 * @xfer_msg_defer: Defer version of transfer message callback. The message is handled with the
 * bus struct @sdw_defer
 * @set_bus_conf: Set the bus configuration
 * @pre_bank_switch: Callback for pre bank switch
 * @post_bank_switch: Callback for post bank switch
 * @read_ping_status: Read status from PING frames, reported with two bits per Device.
 * Bits 31:24 are reserved.
 * @get_device_num: Callback for vendor-specific device_number allocation
 * @put_device_num: Callback for vendor-specific device_number release
 * @new_peripheral_assigned: Callback to handle enumeration of new peripheral.
 */
struct sdw_master_ops {
	int (*read_prop)(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	u64 (*override_adr)
			(struct sdw_bus *bus, u64 addr);
	enum sdw_command_response (*xfer_msg)
			(struct sdw_bus *bus, struct sdw_msg *msg);
	enum sdw_command_response (*xfer_msg_defer)
			(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	int (*set_bus_conf)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
			struct sdw_bus_params *params);
	int (*pre_bank_switch)(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	int (*post_bank_switch)(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	u32 (*read_ping_status)(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	int (*get_device_num)(struct sdw_bus *bus, struct sdw_slave *slave);
	void (*put_device_num)(struct sdw_bus *bus, struct sdw_slave *slave);
	void (*new_peripheral_assigned)(struct sdw_bus *bus,
					struct sdw_slave *slave,
					int dev_num);
};

/**
 * struct sdw_bus - SoundWire bus
 * @dev: Shortcut to &bus->md->dev to avoid changing the entire code.
 * @md: Master device
 * @controller_id: system-unique controller ID. If set to -1, the bus @id will be used.
 * @link_id: Link id number, can be 0 to N, unique for each Controller
 * @id: bus system-wide unique id
 * @slaves: list of Slaves on this bus
 * @assigned: Bitmap for Slave device numbers.
 * Bit set implies used number, bit clear implies unused number.
 * @bus_lock: bus lock
 * @msg_lock: message lock
 * @compute_params: points to Bus resource management implementation
 * @ops: Master callback ops
 * @port_ops: Master port callback ops
 * @params: Current bus parameters
 * @prop: Master properties
 * @m_rt_list: List of Master instance of all stream(s) running on Bus. This
 * is used to compute and program bus bandwidth, clock, frame shape,
 * transport and port parameters
 * @debugfs: Bus debugfs
 * @domain: IRQ domain
 * @defer_msg: Defer message
 * @clk_stop_timeout: Clock stop timeout computed
 * @bank_switch_timeout: Bank switch timeout computed
 * @multi_link: Store bus property that indicates if multi links
 * are supported. This flag is populated by drivers after reading
 * appropriate firmware (ACPI/DT).
 * @hw_sync_min_links: Number of links used by a stream above which
 * hardware-based synchronization is required. This value is only
 * meaningful if multi_link is set. If set to 1, hardware-based
 * synchronization will be used even if a stream only uses a single
 * SoundWire segment.
 */
struct sdw_bus {
	struct device *dev;
	struct sdw_master_device *md;
	int controller_id;
	unsigned int link_id;
	int id;
	struct list_head slaves;
	DECLARE_BITMAP(assigned, SDW_MAX_DEVICES);
	struct mutex bus_lock;
	struct lock_class_key bus_lock_key;
	struct mutex msg_lock;
	struct lock_class_key msg_lock_key;
	int (*compute_params)(struct sdw_bus *bus);
	const struct sdw_master_ops *ops;
	const struct sdw_master_port_ops *port_ops;
	struct sdw_bus_params params;
	struct sdw_master_prop prop;
	struct list_head m_rt_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
	struct dentry *debugfs;
#endif
	struct irq_chip irq_chip;
	struct irq_domain *domain;
	struct sdw_defer defer_msg;
	unsigned int clk_stop_timeout;
	u32 bank_switch_timeout;
	bool multi_link;
	int hw_sync_min_links;
};

int sdw_bus_master_add(struct sdw_bus *bus, struct device *parent,
		       struct fwnode_handle *fwnode);
void sdw_bus_master_delete(struct sdw_bus *bus);

void sdw_show_ping_status(struct sdw_bus *bus, bool sync_delay);

/**
 * sdw_port_config: Master or Slave Port configuration
 *
 * @num: Port number
 * @ch_mask: channels mask for port
 */
struct sdw_port_config {
	unsigned int num;
	unsigned int ch_mask;
};

/**
 * sdw_stream_config: Master or Slave stream configuration
 *
 * @frame_rate: Audio frame rate of the stream, in Hz
 * @ch_count: Channel count of the stream
 * @bps: Number of bits per audio sample
 * @direction: Data direction
 * @type: Stream type PCM or PDM
 */
struct sdw_stream_config {
	unsigned int frame_rate;
	unsigned int ch_count;
	unsigned int bps;
	enum sdw_data_direction direction;
	enum sdw_stream_type type;
};

/**
 * sdw_stream_state: Stream states
 *
 * @SDW_STREAM_ALLOCATED: New stream allocated.
 * @SDW_STREAM_CONFIGURED: Stream configured
 * @SDW_STREAM_PREPARED: Stream prepared
 * @SDW_STREAM_ENABLED: Stream enabled
 * @SDW_STREAM_DISABLED: Stream disabled
 * @SDW_STREAM_DEPREPARED: Stream de-prepared
 * @SDW_STREAM_RELEASED: Stream released
 */
enum sdw_stream_state {
	SDW_STREAM_ALLOCATED = 0,
	SDW_STREAM_CONFIGURED = 1,
	SDW_STREAM_PREPARED = 2,
	SDW_STREAM_ENABLED = 3,
	SDW_STREAM_DISABLED = 4,
	SDW_STREAM_DEPREPARED = 5,
	SDW_STREAM_RELEASED = 6,
};

/**
 * sdw_stream_params: Stream parameters
 *
 * @rate: Sampling frequency, in Hz
 * @ch_count: Number of channels
 * @bps: bits per channel sample
 */
struct sdw_stream_params {
	unsigned int rate;
	unsigned int ch_count;
	unsigned int bps;
};

/**
 * sdw_stream_runtime: Runtime stream parameters
 *
 * @name: SoundWire stream name
 * @params: Stream parameters
 * @state: Current state of the stream
 * @type: Stream type PCM or PDM
 * @master_list: List of Master runtime(s) in this stream.
 * master_list can contain only one m_rt per Master instance
 * for a stream
 * @m_rt_count: Count of Master runtime(s) in this stream
 */
struct sdw_stream_runtime {
	const char *name;
	struct sdw_stream_params params;
	enum sdw_stream_state state;
	enum sdw_stream_type type;
	struct list_head master_list;
	int m_rt_count;
};

struct sdw_stream_runtime *sdw_alloc_stream(const char *stream_name);
void sdw_release_stream(struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);

int sdw_compute_params(struct sdw_bus *bus);

int sdw_stream_add_master(struct sdw_bus *bus,
		struct sdw_stream_config *stream_config,
		const struct sdw_port_config *port_config,
		unsigned int num_ports,
		struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_stream_remove_master(struct sdw_bus *bus,
		struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_startup_stream(void *sdw_substream);
int sdw_prepare_stream(struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_enable_stream(struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_disable_stream(struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_deprepare_stream(struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
void sdw_shutdown_stream(void *sdw_substream);
int sdw_bus_prep_clk_stop(struct sdw_bus *bus);
int sdw_bus_clk_stop(struct sdw_bus *bus);
int sdw_bus_exit_clk_stop(struct sdw_bus *bus);

int sdw_compare_devid(struct sdw_slave *slave, struct sdw_slave_id id);
void sdw_extract_slave_id(struct sdw_bus *bus, u64 addr, struct sdw_slave_id *id);

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SOUNDWIRE)

int sdw_stream_add_slave(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			 struct sdw_stream_config *stream_config,
			 const struct sdw_port_config *port_config,
			 unsigned int num_ports,
			 struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);
int sdw_stream_remove_slave(struct sdw_slave *slave,
			    struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream);

/* messaging and data APIs */
int sdw_read(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr);
int sdw_write(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 value);
int sdw_write_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 value);
int sdw_read_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr);
int sdw_nread(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, u8 *val);
int sdw_nread_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, u8 *val);
int sdw_nwrite(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, const u8 *val);
int sdw_nwrite_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, const u8 *val);
int sdw_update(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 mask, u8 val);
int sdw_update_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 mask, u8 val);

#else

static inline int sdw_stream_add_slave(struct sdw_slave *slave,
				       struct sdw_stream_config *stream_config,
				       const struct sdw_port_config *port_config,
				       unsigned int num_ports,
				       struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_stream_remove_slave(struct sdw_slave *slave,
					  struct sdw_stream_runtime *stream)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

/* messaging and data APIs */
static inline int sdw_read(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_write(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 value)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_write_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 value)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_read_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_nread(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, u8 *val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_nread_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, u8 *val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_nwrite(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, const u8 *val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_nwrite_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, size_t count, const u8 *val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_update(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 mask, u8 val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

static inline int sdw_update_no_pm(struct sdw_slave *slave, u32 addr, u8 mask, u8 val)
{
	WARN_ONCE(1, "SoundWire API is disabled");
	return -EINVAL;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_SOUNDWIRE */

#endif /* __SOUNDWIRE_H */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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