" Vim syntax file " Language: shell (sh) Korn shell (ksh) bash (sh) " Maintainer: Charles E. Campbell <NcampObell@SdrPchip.AorgM-NOSPAM> " Previous Maintainer: Lennart Schultz <Lennart.Schultz@ecmwf.int> " Last Change: Feb 28, 2023 " Version: 208 " URL: http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/vim/index.html#SYNTAX_SH " For options and settings, please use: :help ft-sh-syntax " This file includes many ideas from Eric Brunet (eric.brunet@ens.fr) and heredoc fixes from Felipe Contreras " quit when a syntax file was already loaded {{{1 if exists("b:current_syntax") finish endif " If the shell script itself specifies which shell to use, use it if getline(1) =~ '\<ksh\>' let b:is_kornshell = 1 elseif getline(1) =~ '\<bash\>' let b:is_bash = 1 elseif getline(1) =~ '\<dash\>' let b:is_dash = 1 elseif !exists("g:is_kornshell") && !exists("g:is_bash") && !exists("g:is_posix") && !exists("g:is_sh") && !exists("g:is_dash") " user did not specify which shell to use, and " the script itself does not specify which shell to use. FYI: /bin/sh is ambiguous. " Assuming /bin/sh is executable, and if its a link, find out what it links to. let s:shell = "" if executable("/bin/sh") let s:shell = resolve("/bin/sh") elseif executable("/usr/bin/sh") let s:shell = resolve("/usr/bin/sh") endif if s:shell =~ '\<ksh\>' let b:is_kornshell= 1 elseif s:shell =~ '\<bash\>' let b:is_bash = 1 elseif s:shell =~ '\<dash\>' let b:is_dash = 1 endif unlet s:shell endif " handling /bin/sh with is_kornshell/is_sh {{{1 " b:is_sh will be set when "#! /bin/sh" is found; " However, it often is just a masquerade by bash (typically Linux) " or kornshell (typically workstations with Posix "sh"). " So, when the user sets "g:is_bash", "g:is_kornshell", " or "g:is_posix", a b:is_sh is converted into b:is_bash/b:is_kornshell, " respectively. if !exists("b:is_kornshell") && !exists("b:is_bash") && !exists("b:is_dash") if exists("g:is_posix") && !exists("g:is_kornshell") let g:is_kornshell= g:is_posix endif if exists("g:is_kornshell") let b:is_kornshell= 1 if exists("b:is_sh") unlet b:is_sh endif elseif exists("g:is_bash") let b:is_bash= 1 if exists("b:is_sh") unlet b:is_sh endif elseif exists("g:is_dash") let b:is_dash= 1 if exists("b:is_sh") unlet b:is_sh endif else let b:is_sh= 1 endif endif " if b:is_dash, set b:is_posix too if exists("b:is_dash") let b:is_posix= 1 endif " set up default g:sh_fold_enabled {{{1 " ================================ if !exists("g:sh_fold_enabled") let g:sh_fold_enabled= 0 elseif g:sh_fold_enabled != 0 && !has("folding") let g:sh_fold_enabled= 0 echomsg "Ignoring g:sh_fold_enabled=".g:sh_fold_enabled."; need to re-compile vim for +fold support" endif let s:sh_fold_functions= and(g:sh_fold_enabled,1) let s:sh_fold_heredoc = and(g:sh_fold_enabled,2) let s:sh_fold_ifdofor = and(g:sh_fold_enabled,4) if g:sh_fold_enabled && &fdm == "manual" " Given that the user provided g:sh_fold_enabled " AND g:sh_fold_enabled is manual (usual default) " implies a desire for syntax-based folding setl fdm=syntax endif " set up the syntax-highlighting for iskeyword if (v:version == 704 && has("patch-7.4.1142")) || v:version > 704 if !exists("g:sh_syntax_isk") || (exists("g:sh_syntax_isk") && g:sh_syntax_isk) if exists("b:is_bash") exe "syn iskeyword ".&iskeyword.",-,:" else exe "syn iskeyword ".&iskeyword.",-" endif endif endif " Set up folding commands for shell {{{1 " ================================= sil! delc ShFoldFunctions sil! delc ShFoldHereDoc sil! delc ShFoldIfDoFor if s:sh_fold_functions com! -nargs=* ShFoldFunctions <args> fold else com! -nargs=* ShFoldFunctions <args> endif if s:sh_fold_heredoc com! -nargs=* ShFoldHereDoc <args> fold else com! -nargs=* ShFoldHereDoc <args> endif if s:sh_fold_ifdofor com! -nargs=* ShFoldIfDoFor <args> fold else com! -nargs=* ShFoldIfDoFor <args> endif " sh syntax is case sensitive {{{1 syn case match " Clusters: contains=@... clusters {{{1 "================================== syn cluster shErrorList contains=shDoError,shIfError,shInError,shCaseError,shEsacError,shCurlyError,shParenError,shTestError,shOK if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn cluster ErrorList add=shDTestError endif syn cluster shArithParenList contains=shArithmetic,shArithParen,shCaseEsac,shComment,shDeref,shDo,shDerefSimple,shEcho,shEscape,shNumber,shOperator,shPosnParm,shExSingleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shHereString,shRedir,shSingleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shStatement,shVariable,shAlias,shTest,shCtrlSeq,shSpecial,shParen,bashSpecialVariables,bashStatement,shIf,shFor,shFunctionKey,shFunctionOne,shFunctionTwo syn cluster shArithList contains=@shArithParenList,shParenError syn cluster shCaseEsacList contains=shCaseStart,shCaseLabel,shCase,shCaseBar,shCaseIn,shComment,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shCaseCommandSub,shCaseExSingleQuote,shCaseSingleQuote,shCaseDoubleQuote,shCtrlSeq,@shErrorList,shStringSpecial,shCaseRange syn cluster shCaseList contains=@shCommandSubList,shCaseEsac,shColon,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shComment,shDblBrace,shDo,shEcho,shExpr,shFor,shHereDoc,shIf,shHereString,shRedir,shSetList,shSource,shStatement,shVariable,shCtrlSeq if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn cluster shCaseList add=shForPP,shDblParen endif syn cluster shCommandSubList contains=shAlias,shArithmetic,shCmdParenRegion,shCommandSub,shComment,shCtrlSeq,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDoubleQuote,shEcho,shEscape,shExDoubleQuote,shExpr,shExSingleQuote,shHereDoc,shNumber,shOperator,shOption,shPosnParm,shHereString,shRedir,shSingleQuote,shSpecial,shStatement,shSubSh,shTest,shVariable syn cluster shCurlyList contains=shNumber,shComma,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefSpecial " COMBAK: removing shEscape from shDblQuoteList fails ksh04:43 -- Jun 09, 2022: I don't see the problem with ksh04, so am reinstating shEscape syn cluster shDblQuoteList contains=shArithmetic,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shEscape,shPosnParm,shCtrlSeq,shSpecial,shSpecialDQ syn cluster shDerefList contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefVar,shDerefSpecial,shDerefWordError,shDerefPSR,shDerefPPS syn cluster shDerefVarList contains=shDerefOffset,shDerefOp,shDerefVarArray,shDerefOpError syn cluster shEchoList contains=shArithmetic,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shEscape,shExSingleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shCtrlSeq,shEchoQuote syn cluster shExprList1 contains=shCharClass,shNumber,shOperator,shExSingleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shExpr,shDblBrace,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shCtrlSeq syn cluster shExprList2 contains=@shExprList1,@shCaseList,shTest syn cluster shFunctionList contains=@shCommandSubList,shCaseEsac,shColon,shComment,shDo,shEcho,shExpr,shFor,shHereDoc,shIf,shOption,shHereString,shRedir,shSetList,shSource,shStatement,shVariable,shOperator,shCtrlSeq if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn cluster shFunctionList add=shRepeat,shDblBrace,shDblParen,shForPP syn cluster shDerefList add=shCommandSubList,shEchoDeref endif syn cluster shHereBeginList contains=@shCommandSubList syn cluster shHereList contains=shBeginHere,shHerePayload syn cluster shHereListDQ contains=shBeginHere,@shDblQuoteList,shHerePayload syn cluster shIdList contains=shArithmetic,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shWrapLineOperator,shSetOption,shComment,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shHereString,shNumber,shOperator,shRedir,shExSingleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shExpr,shCtrlSeq,shStringSpecial,shAtExpr syn cluster shIfList contains=@shLoopList,shDblBrace,shDblParen,shFunctionKey,shFunctionOne,shFunctionTwo syn cluster shLoopList contains=@shCaseList,@shErrorList,shCaseEsac,shConditional,shDblBrace,shExpr,shFor,shIf,shOption,shSet,shTest,shTestOpr,shTouch if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn cluster shLoopList add=shForPP,shDblParen endif syn cluster shPPSLeftList contains=shAlias,shArithmetic,shCmdParenRegion,shCommandSub,shCtrlSeq,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDoubleQuote,shEcho,shEscape,shExDoubleQuote,shExpr,shExSingleQuote,shHereDoc,shNumber,shOperator,shOption,shPosnParm,shHereString,shRedir,shSingleQuote,shSpecial,shStatement,shSubSh,shTest,shVariable syn cluster shPPSRightList contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shEscape,shPosnParm syn cluster shSubShList contains=@shCommandSubList,shCommandSubBQ,shCaseEsac,shColon,shCommandSub,shComment,shDo,shEcho,shExpr,shFor,shIf,shHereString,shRedir,shSetList,shSource,shStatement,shVariable,shCtrlSeq,shOperator syn cluster shTestList contains=shArithmetic,shCharClass,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shCtrlSeq,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDoubleQuote,shSpecialDQ,shExDoubleQuote,shExpr,shExSingleQuote,shNumber,shOperator,shSingleQuote,shTest,shTestOpr syn cluster shNoZSList contains=shSpecialNoZS syn cluster shForList contains=shTestOpr,shNumber,shDerefSimple,shDeref,shCommandSub,shCommandSubBQ,shArithmetic " Echo: {{{1 " ==== " This one is needed INSIDE a CommandSub, so that `echo bla` be correct syn region shEcho matchgroup=shStatement start="\<echo\>" skip="\\$" matchgroup=shEchoDelim end="$" matchgroup=NONE end="[<>;&|()`]"me=e-1 end="\d[<>]"me=e-2 end="#"me=e-1 contains=@shEchoList skipwhite nextgroup=shQuickComment syn region shEcho matchgroup=shStatement start="\<print\>" skip="\\$" matchgroup=shEchoDelim end="$" matchgroup=NONE end="[<>;&|()`]"me=e-1 end="\d[<>]"me=e-2 end="#"me=e-1 contains=@shEchoList skipwhite nextgroup=shQuickComment if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_posix") syn region shEchoDeref contained matchgroup=shStatement start="\<echo\>" skip="\\$" matchgroup=shEchoDelim end="$" end="[<>;&|()`}]"me=e-1 end="\d[<>]"me=e-2 end="#"me=e-1 contains=@shEchoList skipwhite nextgroup=shQuickComment syn region shEchoDeref contained matchgroup=shStatement start="\<print\>" skip="\\$" matchgroup=shEchoDelim end="$" end="[<>;&|()`}]"me=e-1 end="\d[<>]"me=e-2 end="#"me=e-1 contains=@shEchoList skipwhite nextgroup=shQuickComment endif syn match shEchoQuote contained '\%(\\\\\)*\\["`'()]' " This must be after the strings, so that ... \" will be correct syn region shEmbeddedEcho contained matchgroup=shStatement start="\<print\>" skip="\\$" matchgroup=shEchoDelim end="$" matchgroup=NONE end="[<>;&|`)]"me=e-1 end="\d[<>]"me=e-2 end="\s#"me=e-2 contains=shNumber,shExSingleQuote,shSingleQuote,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shSpecialVar,shOperator,shExDoubleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shCharClass,shCtrlSeq " Alias: {{{1 " ===== if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_posix") syn match shStatement "\<alias\>" syn region shAlias matchgroup=shStatement start="\<alias\>\s\+$\h[-._[:alnum:]]*$\@=" skip="\\$" end="\>\|`" syn region shAlias matchgroup=shStatement start="\<alias\>\s\+$\h[-._[:alnum:]]*=$\@=" skip="\\$" end="=" " syn region shAlias matchgroup=shStatement start="\<alias\>\s\+$\h[-._[:alnum:]]\+$\@=" skip="\\$" end="\>\|`" " syn region shAlias matchgroup=shStatement start="\<alias\>\s\+$\h[-._[:alnum:]]\+=$\@=" skip="\\$" end="=" " Touch: {{{1 " ===== syn match shTouch '\<touch\>[^;#]*' skipwhite nextgroup=shComment contains=shTouchCmd,shDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote,shDeref,shDerefSimple syn match shTouchCmd '\<touch\>' contained endif " Error Codes: {{{1 " ============ if !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn match shDoError "\<done\>" syn match shIfError "\<fi\>" syn match shInError "\<in\>" syn match shCaseError ";;" syn match shEsacError "\<esac\>" syn match shCurlyError "}" syn match shParenError ")" syn match shOK '\.$done\|fi\|in\|esac$' if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn match shDTestError "]]" endif syn match shTestError "]" endif " Options: {{{1 " ==================== syn match shOption "\s\zs[-+][-_a-zA-Z#@]\+" syn match shOption "\s\zs--[^ \t$=`'"|);]\+" " File Redirection Highlighted As Operators: {{{1 "=========================================== syn match shRedir "\d\=>$&[-0-9]$\=" syn match shRedir "\d\=>>-\=" syn match shRedir "\d\=<$&[-0-9]$\=" syn match shRedir "\d<<-\=" " Operators: {{{1 " ========== syn match shOperator "<<\|>>" contained syn match shOperator "[!&;|]" contained syn match shOperator "\[[[^:]\|\]]" contained syn match shOperator "[-=/*+%]\==" skipwhite nextgroup=shPattern syn match shPattern "\<\S\+$))$\@=" contained contains=shExSingleQuote,shSingleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shDeref " Subshells: {{{1 " ========== syn region shExpr transparent matchgroup=shExprRegion start="{" end="}" contains=@shExprList2 nextgroup=shSpecialNxt syn region shSubSh transparent matchgroup=shSubShRegion start="[^(]\zs(" end=")" contains=@shSubShList nextgroup=shSpecialNxt " Tests: {{{1 "======= syn region shExpr matchgroup=shRange start="\[" skip=+\\\\\|\\$\|\[+ end="\]" contains=@shTestList,shSpecial syn region shTest transparent matchgroup=shStatement start="\<test\s" skip=+\\\\\|\\$+ matchgroup=NONE end="[;&|]"me=e-1 end="$" contains=@shExprList1 syn region shNoQuote start='\S' skip='\%(\\\\\)*\\.' end='\ze\s' end="\ze['"]" contained contains=shDerefSimple,shDeref syn match shAstQuote contained '\*\ze"' nextgroup=shString syn match shTestOpr contained '[^-+/%]\zs=' skipwhite nextgroup=shTestDoubleQuote,shTestSingleQuote,shTestPattern syn match shTestOpr contained "<=\|>=\|!=\|==\|=\~\|-.\>\|-$nt\|ot\|ef\|eq\|ne\|lt\|le\|gt\|ge$\>\|[!<>]" syn match shTestPattern contained '\w\+' syn region shTestDoubleQuote contained start='\%(\%(\\\\\)*\\\)\@<!"' skip=+\\\\\|\\"+ end='"' contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefSpecial syn match shTestSingleQuote contained '\\.' nextgroup=shTestSingleQuote syn match shTestSingleQuote contained "'[^']*'" if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") syn region shDblBrace matchgroup=Delimiter start="\[\[" skip=+\%(\\\\\)*\\$+ end="\]\]" contains=@shTestList,shAstQuote,shNoQuote,shComment syn region shDblParen matchgroup=Delimiter start="((" skip=+\%(\\\\\)*\\$+ end="))" contains=@shTestList,shComment endif " Character Class In Range: {{{1 " ========================= syn match shCharClass contained "\[:$backspace\|escape\|return\|xdigit\|alnum\|alpha\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|tab$:\]" " Loops: do, if, while, until {{{1 " ====== ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shDo transparent matchgroup=shConditional start="\<do\>" matchgroup=shConditional end="\<done\>" contains=@shLoopList ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shIf transparent matchgroup=shConditional start="\<if\_s" matchgroup=shConditional skip=+-fi\>+ end="\<;\_s*then\>" end="\<fi\>" contains=@shIfList ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shFor matchgroup=shLoop start="\<for\ze\_s\s*\%(((\)\@!" end="\<in\>" end="\<do\>"me=e-2 contains=@shLoopList,shDblParen skipwhite nextgroup=shCurlyIn if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shForPP matchgroup=shLoop start='\<for\>\_s*((' end='))' contains=@shForList endif if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_posix") syn cluster shCaseList add=shRepeat syn cluster shFunctionList add=shRepeat syn region shRepeat matchgroup=shLoop start="\<while\_s" end="\<do\>"me=e-2 contains=@shLoopList,shDblParen,shDblBrace syn region shRepeat matchgroup=shLoop start="\<until\_s" end="\<do\>"me=e-2 contains=@shLoopList,shDblParen,shDblBrace if !exists("b:is_posix") syn region shCaseEsac matchgroup=shConditional start="\<select\s" matchgroup=shConditional end="\<in\>" end="\<do\>" contains=@shLoopList endif else syn region shRepeat matchgroup=shLoop start="\<while\_s" end="\<do\>"me=e-2 contains=@shLoopList syn region shRepeat matchgroup=shLoop start="\<until\_s" end="\<do\>"me=e-2 contains=@shLoopList endif syn region shCurlyIn contained matchgroup=Delimiter start="{" end="}" contains=@shCurlyList syn match shComma contained "," " Case: case...esac {{{1 " ==== syn match shCaseBar contained skipwhite "$^\|[^\\]$$\\\\$*\zs|" nextgroup=shCase,shCaseStart,shCaseBar,shComment,shCaseExSingleQuote,shCaseSingleQuote,shCaseDoubleQuote syn match shCaseStart contained skipwhite skipnl "(" nextgroup=shCase,shCaseBar syn match shCaseLabel contained skipwhite "\%(\\.\|[-a-zA-Z0-9_*.]\)\+" contains=shCharClass if exists("b:is_bash") ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shCase contained skipwhite skipnl matchgroup=shSnglCase start="\%(\\.\|[^#$()'" \t]\)\{-}\zs)" end=";;" end=";&" end=";;&" end="esac"me=s-1 contains=@shCaseList nextgroup=shCaseStart,shCase,shComment elseif exists("b:is_kornshell") ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shCase contained skipwhite skipnl matchgroup=shSnglCase start="\%(\\.\|[^#$()'" \t]\)\{-}\zs)" end=";;" end=";&" end="esac"me=s-1 contains=@shCaseList nextgroup=shCaseStart,shCase,shComment else ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shCase contained skipwhite skipnl matchgroup=shSnglCase start="\%(\\.\|[^#$()'" \t]\)\{-}\zs)" end=";;" end="esac"me=s-1 contains=@shCaseList nextgroup=shCaseStart,shCase,shComment endif ShFoldIfDoFor syn region shCaseEsac matchgroup=shConditional start="\<case\>" end="\<esac\>" contains=@shCaseEsacList syn keyword shCaseIn contained skipwhite skipnl in nextgroup=shCase,shCaseStart,shCaseBar,shComment,shCaseExSingleQuote,shCaseSingleQuote,shCaseDoubleQuote if exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") syn region shCaseExSingleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+\$'+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial,shSpecial skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shCaseBar contained elseif !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn region shCaseExSingleQuote matchgroup=Error start=+\$'+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shCaseBar contained endif syn region shCaseSingleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+'+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shCaseBar contained syn region shCaseDoubleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+"+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+"+ contains=@shDblQuoteList,shStringSpecial skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shCaseBar contained syn region shCaseCommandSub start=+`+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+`+ contains=@shCommandSubList skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shCaseBar contained if exists("b:is_bash") syn region shCaseRange matchgroup=Delimiter start=+\[+ skip=+\\\\+ end=+\]+ contained contains=shCharClass syn match shCharClass '\[:\%(alnum\|alpha\|ascii\|blank\|cntrl\|digit\|graph\|lower\|print\|punct\|space\|upper\|word\|or\|xdigit\):\]' contained else syn region shCaseRange matchgroup=Delimiter start=+\[+ skip=+\\\\+ end=+\]+ contained endif " Misc: {{{1 "====== syn match shWrapLineOperator "\\$" syn region shCommandSubBQ start="`" skip="\\\\\|\\." end="`" contains=shBQComment,@shCommandSubList "COMBAK: see ksh13:50 "syn match shEscape contained '\%(^\)\@!\%(\\\\\)*\\.' nextgroup=shSingleQuote,shDoubleQuote,shComment "COMBAK: see sh11:27 syn match shEscape contained '\%(^\)\@!\%(\\\\\)*\\.' nextgroup=shComment "COMBAK: see ksh13:53 "syn match shEscape contained '\%(^\)\@!\%(\\\\\)*\\.' " $() and $(()): {{{1 " $(..) is not supported by sh (Bourne shell). However, apparently " some systems (HP?) have as their /bin/sh a (link to) Korn shell " (ie. Posix compliant shell). /bin/ksh should work for those " systems too, however, so the following syntax will flag $(..) as " an Error under /bin/sh. By consensus of vimdev'ers! if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_posix") syn region shCommandSub matchgroup=shCmdSubRegion start="\$(\ze[^(]" skip='\\\\\|\\.' end=")" contains=@shCommandSubList syn region shArithmetic matchgroup=shArithRegion start="\$((" skip='\\\\\|\\.' end="))" contains=@shArithList syn region shArithmetic matchgroup=shArithRegion start="\$\[" skip='\\\\\|\\.' end="\]" contains=@shArithList syn match shSkipInitWS contained "^\s\+" syn region shArithParen matchgroup=shArithRegion contained start="(" end=")" contains=@shArithParenList elseif !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn region shCommandSub matchgroup=Error start="\$(" end=")" contains=@shCommandSubList endif syn region shCmdParenRegion matchgroup=shCmdSubRegion start="(\ze[^(]" skip='\\\\\|\\.' end=")" contains=@shCommandSubList if exists("b:is_bash") syn cluster shCommandSubList add=bashSpecialVariables,bashStatement syn cluster shCaseList add=bashAdminStatement,bashStatement syn keyword bashSpecialVariables contained auto_resume BASH BASH_ALIASES BASH_ALIASES BASH_ARGC BASH_ARGC BASH_ARGV BASH_ARGV BASH_CMDS BASH_CMDS BASH_COMMAND BASH_COMMAND BASH_ENV BASH_EXECUTION_STRING BASH_EXECUTION_STRING BASH_LINENO BASH_LINENO BASHOPTS BASHOPTS BASHPID BASHPID BASH_REMATCH BASH_REMATCH BASH_SOURCE BASH_SOURCE BASH_SUBSHELL BASH_SUBSHELL BASH_VERSINFO BASH_VERSION BASH_XTRACEFD BASH_XTRACEFD CDPATH COLUMNS COLUMNS COMP_CWORD COMP_CWORD COMP_KEY COMP_KEY COMP_LINE COMP_LINE COMP_POINT COMP_POINT COMPREPLY COMPREPLY COMP_TYPE COMP_TYPE COMP_WORDBREAKS COMP_WORDBREAKS COMP_WORDS COMP_WORDS COPROC COPROC DIRSTACK EMACS EMACS ENV ENV EUID FCEDIT FIGNORE FUNCNAME FUNCNAME FUNCNEST FUNCNEST GLOBIGNORE GROUPS histchars HISTCMD HISTCONTROL HISTFILE HISTFILESIZE HISTIGNORE HISTSIZE HISTTIMEFORMAT HISTTIMEFORMAT HOME HOSTFILE HOSTNAME HOSTTYPE IFS IGNOREEOF INPUTRC LANG LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_NUMERIC LC_NUMERIC LINENO LINES LINES MACHTYPE MAIL MAILCHECK MAILPATH MAPFILE MAPFILE OLDPWD OPTARG OPTERR OPTIND OSTYPE PATH PIPESTATUS POSIXLY_CORRECT POSIXLY_CORRECT PPID PROMPT_COMMAND PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PWD RANDOM READLINE_LINE READLINE_LINE READLINE_POINT READLINE_POINT REPLY SECONDS SHELL SHELL SHELLOPTS SHLVL TIMEFORMAT TIMEOUT TMPDIR TMPDIR UID syn keyword bashStatement chmod clear complete du egrep expr fgrep find gnufind gnugrep grep head less ls mkdir mv rm rmdir rpm sed sleep sort strip tail syn keyword bashAdminStatement daemon killall killproc nice reload restart start status stop syn keyword bashStatement command compgen endif if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn cluster shCommandSubList add=kshSpecialVariables,kshStatement syn cluster shCaseList add=kshStatement syn keyword kshSpecialVariables contained CDPATH COLUMNS EDITOR ENV ERRNO FCEDIT FPATH HISTFILE HISTSIZE HOME IFS LINENO LINES MAIL MAILCHECK MAILPATH OLDPWD OPTARG OPTIND PATH PPID PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PWD RANDOM REPLY SECONDS SHELL TMOUT VISUAL syn keyword kshStatement cat chmod clear cp du egrep expr fgrep find grep head killall less ls mkdir mv nice printenv rm rmdir sed sort strip stty tail tput syn keyword kshStatement command setgroups setsenv endif syn match shSource "^\.\s" syn match shSource "\s\.\s" "syn region shColon start="^\s*:" end="$" end="\s#"me=e-2 contains=@shColonList "syn region shColon start="^\s*\zs:" end="$" end="\s#"me=e-2 if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn match shColon '^\s*\zs:' endif " String And Character Constants: {{{1 "================================ syn match shNumber "\<\d\+\>#\=" syn match shNumber "\<-\=\.\=\d\+\>#\=" syn match shCtrlSeq "\\\d\d\d\|\\[abcfnrtv0]" contained if exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") syn match shSpecial "[^\\]$\\\\$*\zs\\\o\o\o\|\\x\x\x\|\\c[^"]\|\\[abefnrtv]" contained syn match shSpecial "^$\\\\$*\zs\\\o\o\o\|\\x\x\x\|\\c[^"]\|\\[abefnrtv]" contained syn region shExSingleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+\$'+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial,shSpecial nextgroup=shSpecialNxt syn region shExDoubleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+\$"+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.\|\\"+ end=+"+ contains=@shDblQuoteList,shStringSpecial,shSpecial nextgroup=shSpecialNxt elseif !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn region shExSingleQuote matchGroup=Error start=+\$'+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial syn region shExDoubleQuote matchGroup=Error start=+\$"+ skip=+\\\\\|\\.+ end=+"+ contains=shStringSpecial endif syn region shSingleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+'+ end=+'+ contains=@Spell nextgroup=shSpecialStart,shSpecialSQ syn region shDoubleQuote matchgroup=shQuote start=+\%(\%(\\\\\)*\\\)\@<!"+ skip=+\\.+ end=+"+ contains=@shDblQuoteList,shStringSpecial,@Spell nextgroup=shSpecialStart syn match shStringSpecial "[^[:print:] \t]" contained syn match shStringSpecial "[^\\]\zs\%(\\\\\)*$\\[\\"'`$()#]$\+" nextgroup=shComment syn match shSpecialSQ "[^\\]\zs\%(\\\\\)*$\\[\\"'`$()#]$\+" contained nextgroup=shBkslshSnglQuote,@shNoZSList syn match shSpecialDQ "[^\\]\zs\%(\\\\\)*$\\[\\"'`$()#]$\+" contained nextgroup=shBkslshDblQuote,@shNoZSList syn match shSpecialStart "\%(\\\\\)*\\[\\"'`$()#]" contained nextgroup=shBkslshSnglQuote,shBkslshDblQuote,@shNoZSList syn match shSpecial "^\%(\\\\\)*\\[\\"'`$()#]" syn match shSpecialNoZS contained "\%(\\\\\)*\\[\\"'`$()#]" syn match shSpecialNxt contained "\\[\\"'`$()#]" "syn region shBkslshSnglQuote contained matchgroup=shQuote start=+'+ end=+'+ contains=@Spell nextgroup=shSpecialStart "syn region shBkslshDblQuote contained matchgroup=shQuote start=+"+ skip=+\\"+ end=+"+ contains=@shDblQuoteList,shStringSpecial,@Spell nextgroup=shSpecialStart " Comments: {{{1 "========== syn cluster shCommentGroup contains=shTodo,@Spell if exists("b:is_bash") syn match shTodo contained "\<\%(COMBAK\|FIXME\|TODO\|XXX\)\ze:\=\>" else syn keyword shTodo contained COMBAK FIXME TODO XXX endif syn match shComment "^\s*\zs#.*$" contains=@shCommentGroup syn match shComment "\s\zs#.*$" contains=@shCommentGroup syn match shComment contained "#.*$" contains=@shCommentGroup syn match shQuickComment contained "#.*$" contains=@shCommentGroup syn match shBQComment contained "#.\{-}\ze`" contains=@shCommentGroup " Here Documents: {{{1 " (modified by Felipe Contreras) " ========================================= ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc01 start="<<\s*\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc01 end="^\z1$" contains=@shDblQuoteList ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc02 start="<<-\s*\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc02 end="^\t*\z1$" contains=@shDblQuoteList ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc03 start="<<\s*\\\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc03 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc04 start="<<-\s*\\\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc04 end="^\t*\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc05 start="<<\s*'\z([^']\+\)'" matchgroup=shHereDoc05 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc06 start="<<-\s*'\z([^']\+\)'" matchgroup=shHereDoc06 end="^\t*\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc07 start="<<\s*\"\z([^"]\+\)\"" matchgroup=shHereDoc07 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc08 start="<<-\s*\"\z([^"]\+\)\"" matchgroup=shHereDoc08 end="^\t*\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc09 start="<<\s*\\\_$\_s*\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc09 end="^\z1$" contains=@shDblQuoteList ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc10 start="<<-\s*\\\_$\_s*\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc10 end="^\t*\z1$" contains=@shDblQuoteList ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc11 start="<<\s*\\\_$\_s*\\\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc11 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc12 start="<<-\s*\\\_$\_s*\\\z([^ \t|>]\+\)" matchgroup=shHereDoc12 end="^\t*\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc13 start="<<\s*\\\_$\_s*'\z([^']\+\)'" matchgroup=shHereDoc13 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc14 start="<<-\s*\\\_$\_s*'\z([^']\+\)'" matchgroup=shHereDoc14 end="^\t*\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc15 start="<<\s*\\\_$\_s*\"\z([^"]\+\)\"" matchgroup=shHereDoc15 end="^\z1$" ShFoldHereDoc syn region shHereDoc matchgroup=shHereDoc16 start="<<-\s*\\\_$\_s*\"\z([^"]\+\)\"" matchgroup=shHereDoc16 end="^\t*\z1$" " Here Strings: {{{1 " ============= " available for: bash; ksh (really should be ksh93 only) but not if its a posix if exists("b:is_bash") || (exists("b:is_kornshell") && !exists("b:is_posix")) syn match shHereString "<<<" skipwhite nextgroup=shCmdParenRegion endif " Identifiers: {{{1 "============= syn match shSetOption "\s\zs[-+][a-zA-Z0-9]\+\>" contained syn match shVariable "\<\h\w*\ze=" nextgroup=shVarAssign syn match shVarAssign "=" contained nextgroup=shCmdParenRegion,shPattern,shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDoubleQuote,shExDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote,shExSingleQuote,shVar syn match shVar contained "\h\w*" syn region shAtExpr contained start="@(" end=")" contains=@shIdList if exists("b:is_bash") syn match shSet "^\s*set\ze\s\+$" syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<\%(declare\|local\|export\)\>\ze[/a-zA-Z_]\@!" end="$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+#\|=" contains=@shIdList syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<\%(set\|unset\)\>[/a-zA-Z_]\@!" end="\ze[;|#)]\|$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+=" contains=@shIdList nextgroup=shComment elseif exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn match shSet "^\s*set\ze\s\+$" if exists("b:is_dash") syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<\%(local\)\>\ze[/]\@!" end="$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+[#=]" contains=@shIdList endif syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<$export$\>\ze[/]\@!" end="$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+[#=]" contains=@shIdList syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<\%(set\|unset\>\)\ze[/a-zA-Z_]\@!" end="\ze[;|#)]\|$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+[#=]" contains=@shIdList nextgroup=shComment else syn region shSetList oneline matchgroup=shSet start="\<$set\|export\|unset$\>\ze[/a-zA-Z_]\@!" end="\ze[;|#)]\|$" matchgroup=shSetListDelim end="\ze[}|);&]" matchgroup=NONE end="\ze\s\+[#=]" contains=@shIdList endif " KornShell namespace: {{{1 if exists("b:is_kornshell") syn keyword shFunctionKey namespace skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionTwo endif " Functions: {{{1 if !exists("b:is_posix") syn keyword shFunctionKey function skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionTwo endif if exists("b:is_bash") ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionOne matchgroup=shFunction start="^\s*[A-Za-z_0-9:][-a-zA-Z_0-9:]*\s*()\_s*{" end="}" contains=@shFunctionList skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionTwo matchgroup=shFunction start="\%(do\)\@!\&\<[A-Za-z_0-9:][-a-zA-Z_0-9:]*\>\s*\%(()\)\=\_s*{" end="}" contains=shFunctionKey,@shFunctionList contained skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionThree matchgroup=shFunction start="^\s*[A-Za-z_0-9:][-a-zA-Z_0-9:]*\s*()\_s*(" end=")" contains=@shFunctionList skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionFour matchgroup=shFunction start="\%(do\)\@!\&\<[A-Za-z_0-9:][-a-zA-Z_0-9:]*\>\s*\%(()\)\=\_s*)" end=")" contains=shFunctionKey,@shFunctionList contained skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment else ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionOne matchgroup=shFunction start="^\s*\h\w*\s*()\_s*{" end="}" contains=@shFunctionList skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionTwo matchgroup=shFunction start="\%(do\)\@!\&\<\h\w*\>\s*\%(()\)\=\_s*{" end="}" contains=shFunctionKey,@shFunctionList contained skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionThree matchgroup=shFunction start="^\s*\h\w*\s*()\_s*(" end=")" contains=@shFunctionList skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment ShFoldFunctions syn region shFunctionFour matchgroup=shFunction start="\%(do\)\@!\&\<\h\w*\>\s*\%(()\)\=\_s*(" end=")" contains=shFunctionKey,@shFunctionList contained skipwhite skipnl nextgroup=shFunctionStart,shQuickComment endif " Parameter Dereferencing: {{{1 " ======================== " Note: sh04 failure with following line "if !exists("g:sh_no_error") && !(exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix")) if !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn match shDerefWordError "[^}$[~]" contained endif syn match shDerefSimple "\$\%(\h\w*\|\d\)" nextgroup=@shNoZSList syn region shDeref matchgroup=PreProc start="\${" end="}" contains=@shDerefList,shDerefVarArray nextgroup=shSpecialStart syn match shDerefSimple "\$[-#*@!?]" nextgroup=@shNoZSList syn match shDerefSimple "\$\$" nextgroup=@shNoZSList syn match shDerefSimple "\${\d}" nextgroup=@shNoZSList nextgroup=shSpecialStart if exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn region shDeref matchgroup=PreProc start="\${##\=" end="}" contains=@shDerefList nextgroup=@shSpecialNoZS,shSpecialStart syn region shDeref matchgroup=PreProc start="\${\$\$" end="}" contains=@shDerefList nextgroup=@shSpecialNoZS,shSpecialStart endif " ksh: ${.sh.*} variables: {{{1 " ======================================== if exists("b:is_kornshell") syn match shDerefVar contained "\.\+" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList endif " ksh: ${!var[*]} array index list syntax: {{{1 " ======================================== if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn region shDeref matchgroup=PreProc start="\${!" end="}" contains=@shDerefVarArray endif " bash: ${!prefix*} and ${#parameter}: {{{1 " ==================================== if exists("b:is_bash") syn region shDeref matchgroup=PreProc start="\${!" end="\*\=}" contains=@shDerefList,shDerefOffset syn match shDerefVar contained "{\@<=!\h\w*" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList endif if exists("b:is_kornshell") syn match shDerefVar contained "{\@<=!\h\w*[[:alnum:]_.]*" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList endif syn match shDerefSpecial contained "{\@<=[-*@?0]" nextgroup=shDerefOp,shDerefOffset,shDerefOpError syn match shDerefSpecial contained "${[#!]$\@<=[[:alnum:]*@_]\+" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList,shDerefOp syn match shDerefVar contained "{\@<=\h\w*" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList syn match shDerefVar contained '\d' nextgroup=@shDerefVarList if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn match shDerefVar contained "{\@<=\h\w*[[:alnum:]_.]*" nextgroup=@shDerefVarList endif " sh ksh bash : ${var[... ]...} array reference: {{{1 syn region shDerefVarArray contained matchgroup=shDeref start="\[" end="]" contains=@shCommandSubList nextgroup=shDerefOp,shDerefOpError,shDerefOffset " Special ${parameter OPERATOR word} handling: {{{1 " sh ksh bash : ${parameter:-word} word is default value " sh ksh bash : ${parameter:=word} assign word as default value " sh ksh bash : ${parameter:?word} display word if parameter is null " sh ksh bash : ${parameter:+word} use word if parameter is not null, otherwise nothing " ksh bash : ${parameter#pattern} remove small left pattern " ksh bash : ${parameter##pattern} remove large left pattern " ksh bash : ${parameter%pattern} remove small right pattern " ksh bash : ${parameter%%pattern} remove large right pattern " bash : ${parameter^pattern} Case modification " bash : ${parameter^^pattern} Case modification " bash : ${parameter,pattern} Case modification " bash : ${parameter,,pattern} Case modification " bash : ${@:start:qty} display command line arguments from start to start+qty-1 (inferred) " bash : ${parameter@operator} transforms parameter (operator∈[uULqEPARa]) syn cluster shDerefPatternList contains=shDerefPattern,shDerefString if !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn match shDerefOpError contained ":[[:punct:]]" endif syn match shDerefOp contained ":\=[-=?]" nextgroup=@shDerefPatternList syn match shDerefOp contained ":\=+" nextgroup=@shDerefPatternList if exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn match shDerefOp contained "#\{1,2}" nextgroup=@shDerefPatternList syn match shDerefOp contained "%\{1,2}" nextgroup=@shDerefPatternList syn match shDerefPattern contained "[^{}]\+" contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefPattern,shDerefString,shCommandSub,shDerefEscape nextgroup=shDerefPattern syn region shDerefPattern contained start="{" end="}" contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefString,shCommandSub nextgroup=shDerefPattern syn match shDerefEscape contained '\%(\\\\\)*\\.' endif if exists("b:is_bash") syn match shDerefOp contained "[,^]\{1,2}" nextgroup=@shDerefPatternList syn match shDerefOp contained "@[uULQEPAKa]" endif syn region shDerefString contained matchgroup=shDerefDelim start=+\%(\\\)\@<!'+ end=+'+ contains=shStringSpecial syn region shDerefString contained matchgroup=shDerefDelim start=+\%(\\\)\@<!"+ skip=+\\"+ end=+"+ contains=@shDblQuoteList,shStringSpecial syn match shDerefString contained "\\["']" nextgroup=shDerefPattern if exists("b:is_bash") || exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") " bash ksh posix : ${parameter:offset} " bash ksh posix : ${parameter:offset:length} syn region shDerefOffset contained start=':[^-=?+]' end='\ze:' end='\ze}' contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefEscape nextgroup=shDerefLen,shDeref,shDerefSimple syn region shDerefOffset contained start=':\s-' end='\ze:' end='\ze}' contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shDerefEscape nextgroup=shDerefLen,shDeref,shDerefSimple syn match shDerefLen contained ":[^}]\+" contains=shDeref,shDerefSimple,shArithmetic endif if exists("b:is_bash") " bash : ${parameter//pattern/string} " bash : ${parameter//pattern} syn match shDerefPPS contained '/\{1,2}' nextgroup=shDerefPPSleft syn region shDerefPPSleft contained start='.' skip=@\%(\\\\\)*\\/@ matchgroup=shDerefOp end='/' end='\ze}' end='"' nextgroup=shDerefPPSright contains=@shPPSLeftList syn region shDerefPPSright contained start='.' skip=@\%(\\\\\)\+@ end='\ze}' contains=@shPPSRightList " bash : ${parameter/#substring/replacement} syn match shDerefPSR contained '/#' nextgroup=shDerefPSRleft,shDoubleQuote,shSingleQuote syn region shDerefPSRleft contained start='[^"']' skip=@\%(\\\\\)*\\/@ matchgroup=shDerefOp end='/' end='\ze}' nextgroup=shDerefPSRright syn region shDerefPSRright contained start='.' skip=@\%(\\\\\)\+@ end='\ze}' endif " Arithmetic Parenthesized Expressions: {{{1 "syn region shParen matchgroup=shArithRegion start='[^$]\zs(\%(\ze[^(]\|$\)' end=')' contains=@shArithParenList syn region shParen matchgroup=shArithRegion start='\$\@!(\%(\ze[^(]\|$\)' end=')' contains=@shArithParenList " Additional sh Keywords: {{{1 " =================== syn keyword shStatement break cd chdir continue eval exec exit kill newgrp pwd read readonly return shift test trap ulimit umask wait syn keyword shConditional contained elif else then if !exists("g:sh_no_error") syn keyword shCondError elif else then endif " Additional ksh Keywords and Aliases: {{{1 " =================================== if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") syn keyword shStatement bg builtin disown enum export false fg getconf getopts hist jobs let printf sleep true unalias whence syn keyword shStatement typeset skipwhite nextgroup=shSetOption syn keyword shStatement autoload compound fc float functions hash history integer nameref nohup r redirect source stop suspend times type if exists("b:is_posix") syn keyword shStatement command else syn keyword shStatement time endif " Additional bash Keywords: {{{1 " ===================== elseif exists("b:is_bash") syn keyword shStatement bg builtin disown export false fg getopts jobs let printf sleep true unalias syn keyword shStatement typeset nextgroup=shSetOption syn keyword shStatement fc hash history source suspend times type syn keyword shStatement bind builtin caller compopt declare dirs disown enable export help logout local mapfile popd pushd readarray shopt source typeset else syn keyword shStatement login newgrp endif " Synchronization: {{{1 " ================ if !exists("g:sh_minlines") let s:sh_minlines = 200 else let s:sh_minlines= g:sh_minlines endif if !exists("g:sh_maxlines") let s:sh_maxlines = 2*s:sh_minlines if s:sh_maxlines < 25 let s:sh_maxlines= 25 endif else let s:sh_maxlines= g:sh_maxlines endif exec "syn sync minlines=" . s:sh_minlines . " maxlines=" . s:sh_maxlines syn sync match shCaseEsacSync grouphere shCaseEsac "\<case\>" syn sync match shCaseEsacSync groupthere shCaseEsac "\<esac\>" syn sync match shDoSync grouphere shDo "\<do\>" syn sync match shDoSync groupthere shDo "\<done\>" syn sync match shForSync grouphere shFor "\<for\>" syn sync match shForSync groupthere shFor "\<in\>" syn sync match shIfSync grouphere shIf "\<if\>" syn sync match shIfSync groupthere shIf "\<fi\>" syn sync match shUntilSync grouphere shRepeat "\<until\>" syn sync match shWhileSync grouphere shRepeat "\<while\>" " Default Highlighting: {{{1 " ===================== if !exists("skip_sh_syntax_inits") hi def link shArithRegion shShellVariables hi def link shAstQuote shDoubleQuote hi def link shAtExpr shSetList hi def link shBkslshSnglQuote shSingleQuote hi def link shBkslshDblQuote shDOubleQuote hi def link shBeginHere shRedir hi def link shCaseBar shConditional hi def link shCaseCommandSub shCommandSub hi def link shCaseDoubleQuote shDoubleQuote hi def link shCaseIn shConditional hi def link shQuote shOperator hi def link shCaseSingleQuote shSingleQuote hi def link shCaseStart shConditional hi def link shCmdSubRegion shShellVariables hi def link shColon shComment hi def link shDerefOp shOperator hi def link shDerefPOL shDerefOp hi def link shDerefPPS shDerefOp hi def link shDerefPSR shDerefOp hi def link shDeref shShellVariables hi def link shDerefDelim shOperator hi def link shDerefSimple shDeref hi def link shDerefSpecial shDeref hi def link shDerefString shDoubleQuote hi def link shDerefVar shDeref hi def link shDoubleQuote shString hi def link shEcho shString hi def link shEchoDelim shOperator hi def link shEchoQuote shString hi def link shForPP shLoop hi def link shFunction Function hi def link shEmbeddedEcho shString hi def link shEscape shCommandSub hi def link shExDoubleQuote shDoubleQuote hi def link shExSingleQuote shSingleQuote hi def link shHereDoc shString hi def link shHereString shRedir hi def link shHerePayload shHereDoc hi def link shLoop shStatement hi def link shSpecialNxt shSpecial hi def link shNoQuote shDoubleQuote hi def link shOption shCommandSub hi def link shPattern shString hi def link shParen shArithmetic hi def link shPosnParm shShellVariables hi def link shQuickComment shComment hi def link shBQComment shComment hi def link shRange shOperator hi def link shRedir shOperator hi def link shSetListDelim shOperator hi def link shSetOption shOption hi def link shSingleQuote shString hi def link shSource shOperator hi def link shStringSpecial shSpecial hi def link shSpecialStart shSpecial hi def link shSubShRegion shOperator hi def link shTestOpr shConditional hi def link shTestPattern shString hi def link shTestDoubleQuote shString hi def link shTestSingleQuote shString hi def link shTouchCmd shStatement hi def link shVariable shSetList hi def link shWrapLineOperator shOperator if exists("b:is_bash") hi def link bashAdminStatement shStatement hi def link bashSpecialVariables shShellVariables hi def link bashStatement shStatement hi def link shCharClass shSpecial hi def link shDerefOffset shDerefOp hi def link shDerefLen shDerefOffset endif if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") hi def link kshSpecialVariables shShellVariables hi def link kshStatement shStatement endif if !exists("g:sh_no_error") hi def link shCaseError Error hi def link shCondError Error hi def link shCurlyError Error hi def link shDerefOpError Error hi def link shDerefWordError Error hi def link shDoError Error hi def link shEsacError Error hi def link shIfError Error hi def link shInError Error hi def link shParenError Error hi def link shTestError Error if exists("b:is_kornshell") || exists("b:is_posix") hi def link shDTestError Error endif endif hi def link shArithmetic Special hi def link shCharClass Identifier hi def link shSnglCase Statement hi def link shCommandSub Special hi def link shCommandSubBQ shCommandSub hi def link shComment Comment hi def link shConditional Conditional hi def link shCtrlSeq Special hi def link shExprRegion Delimiter hi def link shFunctionKey Function hi def link shFunctionName Function hi def link shNumber Number hi def link shOperator Operator hi def link shRepeat Repeat hi def link shSet Statement hi def link shSetList Identifier hi def link shShellVariables PreProc hi def link shSpecial Special hi def link shSpecialDQ Special hi def link shSpecialSQ Special hi def link shSpecialNoZS shSpecial hi def link shStatement Statement hi def link shString String hi def link shTodo Todo hi def link shAlias Identifier hi def link shHereDoc01 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc02 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc03 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc04 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc05 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc06 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc07 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc08 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc09 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc10 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc11 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc12 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc13 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc14 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc15 shRedir hi def link shHereDoc16 shRedir endif " Delete shell folding commands {{{1 " ============================= delc ShFoldFunctions delc ShFoldHereDoc delc ShFoldIfDoFor " Set Current Syntax: {{{1 " =================== if exists("b:is_bash") let b:current_syntax = "bash" elseif exists("b:is_kornshell") let b:current_syntax = "ksh" elseif exists("b:is_posix") let b:current_syntax = "posix" else let b:current_syntax = "sh" endif " vim: ts=16 fdm=marker

Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.

Riesgos de una mala higiene

Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
Mal aliento (halitosis).
Sarro perros
Puede ir a más
Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

Riesgos de una mala higiene

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Ultrasonido para perros

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Conclusión

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