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<?php

namespace Safe;

use Safe\Exceptions\PsException;

/**
 * Places a hyperlink at the given position pointing to a file program
 * which is being started when clicked on. The hyperlink's source position
 * is a rectangle
 * with its lower left corner at (llx, lly) and its upper right corner at
 * (urx, ury). The rectangle has by default a thin blue border.
 *
 * The note will not be visible if the document
 * is printed or viewed but it will show up if the document is converted to
 * pdf by either Acrobat Distiller™ or Ghostview.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $llx The x-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $lly The y-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $urx The x-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param float $ury The y-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param string $filename The path of the program to be started, when the link is clicked on.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_add_launchlink($psdoc, float $llx, float $lly, float $urx, float $ury, string $filename): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_add_launchlink($psdoc, $llx, $lly, $urx, $ury, $filename);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Places a hyperlink at the given position pointing to a page in the same
 * document. Clicking on the link will jump to the given page. The first page
 * in a document has number 1.
 *
 * The hyperlink's source position is a rectangle with its lower left corner at
 * (llx, lly) and its upper
 * right corner at (urx, ury).
 * The rectangle has by default a thin blue border.
 *
 * The note will not be visible if the document
 * is printed or viewed but it will show up if the document is converted to
 * pdf by either Acrobat Distiller™ or Ghostview.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $llx The x-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $lly The y-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $urx The x-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param float $ury The y-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param int $page The number of the page displayed when clicking on the link.
 * @param string $dest The parameter dest determines how the document
 * is being viewed. It can be fitpage,
 * fitwidth, fitheight, or
 * fitbbox.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_add_locallink($psdoc, float $llx, float $lly, float $urx, float $ury, int $page, string $dest): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_add_locallink($psdoc, $llx, $lly, $urx, $ury, $page, $dest);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Adds a note at a certain position on the page. Notes are like little
 * rectangular sheets with text on it, which can be placed anywhere on
 * a page. They
 * are shown either folded or unfolded. If folded, the specified icon
 * is used as a placeholder.
 *
 * The note will not be visible if the document
 * is printed or viewed but it will show up if the document is converted to
 * pdf by either Acrobat Distiller™ or Ghostview.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $llx The x-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $lly The y-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $urx The x-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param float $ury The y-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param string $contents The text of the note.
 * @param string $title The title of the note as displayed in the header of the note.
 * @param string $icon The icon shown if the note is folded. This parameter can be set
 * to comment, insert,
 * note, paragraph,
 * newparagraph, key, or
 * help.
 * @param int $open If open is unequal to zero the note will
 * be shown unfolded after opening the document with a pdf viewer.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_add_note($psdoc, float $llx, float $lly, float $urx, float $ury, string $contents, string $title, string $icon, int $open): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_add_note($psdoc, $llx, $lly, $urx, $ury, $contents, $title, $icon, $open);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Places a hyperlink at the given position pointing to a second pdf document.
 * Clicking on the link will branch to the document at the given page. The
 * first page in a document has number 1.
 *
 * The hyperlink's source position is a rectangle with its lower left corner at
 * (llx, lly) and its upper
 * right corner at (urx, ury).
 * The rectangle has by default a thin blue border.
 *
 * The note will not be visible if the document
 * is printed or viewed but it will show up if the document is converted to
 * pdf by either Acrobat Distiller™ or Ghostview.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $llx The x-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $lly The y-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $urx The x-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param float $ury The y-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param string $filename The name of the pdf document to be opened when clicking on
 * this link.
 * @param int $page The page number of the destination pdf document
 * @param string $dest The parameter dest determines how the document
 * is being viewed. It can be fitpage,
 * fitwidth, fitheight, or
 * fitbbox.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_add_pdflink($psdoc, float $llx, float $lly, float $urx, float $ury, string $filename, int $page, string $dest): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_add_pdflink($psdoc, $llx, $lly, $urx, $ury, $filename, $page, $dest);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Places a hyperlink at the given position pointing to a web page. The
 * hyperlink's source position is a rectangle with its lower left corner at
 * (llx, lly) and
 * its upper right corner at (urx,
 * ury). The rectangle has by default a thin
 * blue border.
 *
 * The note will not be visible if the document
 * is printed or viewed but it will show up if the document is converted to
 * pdf by either Acrobat Distiller™ or Ghostview.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $llx The x-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $lly The y-coordinate of the lower left corner.
 * @param float $urx The x-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param float $ury The y-coordinate of the upper right corner.
 * @param string $url The url of the hyperlink to be opened when clicking on
 * this link, e.g. http://www.php.net.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_add_weblink($psdoc, float $llx, float $lly, float $urx, float $ury, string $url): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_add_weblink($psdoc, $llx, $lly, $urx, $ury, $url);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Draws a portion of a circle with at middle point at
 * (x, y). The arc starts at an
 * angle of alpha and ends at an angle of
 * beta. It is drawn counterclockwise (use
 * ps_arcn to draw clockwise). The subpath added
 * to the current path starts on the arc at angle alpha
 * and ends on the arc at angle beta.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x The x-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $y The y-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $radius The radius of the circle
 * @param float $alpha The start angle given in degrees.
 * @param float $beta The end angle given in degrees.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_arc($psdoc, float $x, float $y, float $radius, float $alpha, float $beta): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_arc($psdoc, $x, $y, $radius, $alpha, $beta);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Draws a portion of a circle with at middle point at
 * (x, y). The arc starts at an
 * angle of alpha and ends at an angle of
 * beta. It is drawn clockwise (use
 * ps_arc to draw counterclockwise). The subpath added to
 * the current path starts on the arc at angle beta and
 * ends on the arc at angle alpha.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x The x-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $y The y-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $radius The radius of the circle
 * @param float $alpha The starting angle given in degrees.
 * @param float $beta The end angle given in degrees.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_arcn($psdoc, float $x, float $y, float $radius, float $alpha, float $beta): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_arcn($psdoc, $x, $y, $radius, $alpha, $beta);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Starts a new page. Although the parameters width
 * and height imply a different page size for each
 * page, this is not possible in PostScript. The first call of
 * ps_begin_page will set the page size for the whole
 * document. Consecutive calls will have no effect, except for creating a new
 * page. The situation is different if you intent to convert the PostScript
 * document into PDF. This function places pdfmarks into the document which
 * can set the size for each page indiviually. The resulting PDF document will
 * have different page sizes.
 *
 * Though PostScript does not know different page sizes, pslib places
 * a bounding box for each page into the document. This size is evaluated
 * by some PostScript viewers and will have precedence over the BoundingBox
 * in the Header of the document. This can lead to unexpected results when
 * you set a BoundingBox whose lower left corner is not (0, 0), because the
 * bounding box of the page will always have a lower left corner (0, 0)
 * and overwrites the global setting.
 *
 * Each page is encapsulated into save/restore. This means, that most of the
 * settings made on one page will not be retained on the next page.
 *
 * If there is up to the first call of ps_begin_page no
 * call of ps_findfont, then the header of the PostScript
 * document will be output and the bounding box will be set to the size of
 * the first page. The lower left corner of the bounding box is set to (0, 0).
 * If ps_findfont was called before, then the
 * header has been output already, and the document will not have a valid
 * bounding box. In order to prevent this, one should call
 * ps_set_info to set the info field
 * BoundingBox and possibly Orientation
 * before any ps_findfont or
 * ps_begin_page calls.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $width The width of the page in pixel, e.g. 596 for A4 format.
 * @param float $height The height of the page in pixel, e.g. 842 for A4 format.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_begin_page($psdoc, float $width, float $height): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_begin_page($psdoc, $width, $height);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Starts a new pattern. A pattern is like a page containing e.g. a drawing
 * which can be used for filling areas. It is used like a color by calling
 * ps_setcolor and setting the color space to
 * pattern.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $width The width of the pattern in pixel.
 * @param float $height The height of the pattern in pixel.
 * @param float $xstep The distance in pixel of placements of the pattern in
 * horizontal direction.
 * @param float $ystep The distance in pixel of placements of the pattern in
 * vertical direction.
 * @param int $painttype Must be 1 or 2.
 * @return int The identifier of the pattern.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_begin_pattern($psdoc, float $width, float $height, float $xstep, float $ystep, int $painttype): int
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_begin_pattern($psdoc, $width, $height, $xstep, $ystep, $painttype);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Starts a new template. A template is called a form in the postscript
 * language. It is created similar to a pattern but used like an image.
 * Templates are often used for drawings which are placed several times
 * through out the document, e.g. like a company logo. All drawing functions
 * may be used within a template. The template will not be drawn until
 * it is placed by ps_place_image.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $width The width of the template in pixel.
 * @param float $height The height of the template in pixel.
 * @return int Returns TRUE on success.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_begin_template($psdoc, float $width, float $height): int
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_begin_template($psdoc, $width, $height);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Draws a circle with its middle point at (x,
 * y). The circle starts and ends at position
 * (x+radius,
 * y). If this function is called outside a path it
 * will start a new path. If it is called within a path it will add the circle
 * as a subpath. If the last drawing operation does not end in point
 * (x+radius,
 * y) then there will be a gap in the path.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x The x-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $y The y-coordinate of the circle's middle point.
 * @param float $radius The radius of the circle
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_circle($psdoc, float $x, float $y, float $radius): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_circle($psdoc, $x, $y, $radius);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Takes the current path and uses it to define the border of a clipping area.
 * Everything drawn outside of that area will not be visible.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_clip($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_clip($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Closes an image and frees its resources. Once an image is closed
 * it cannot be used anymore.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $imageid Resource identifier of the image as returned by
 * ps_open_image or
 * ps_open_image_file.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_close_image($psdoc, int $imageid): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_close_image($psdoc, $imageid);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Closes the PostScript document.
 *
 * This function writes the trailer of the PostScript document.
 * It also writes the bookmark tree. ps_close does
 * not free any resources, which is done by ps_delete.
 *
 * This function is also called by ps_delete if it
 * has not been called before.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_close($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_close($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Connects the last point with first point of a path and draws the resulting
 * closed line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_closepath_stroke($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_closepath_stroke($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Connects the last point with the first point of a path. The resulting
 * path can be used for stroking, filling, clipping, etc..
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_closepath($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_closepath($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Output a text one line below the last line. The line spacing is
 * taken from the value "leading" which must be set with
 * ps_set_value. The actual position of the
 * text is determined by the values "textx" and "texty" which can be requested
 * with ps_get_value
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $text The text to output.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_continue_text($psdoc, string $text): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_continue_text($psdoc, $text);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Add a section of a cubic Bézier curve described by the three given control
 * points to the current path.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x1 x-coordinate of first control point.
 * @param float $y1 y-coordinate of first control point.
 * @param float $x2 x-coordinate of second control point.
 * @param float $y2 y-coordinate of second control point.
 * @param float $x3 x-coordinate of third control point.
 * @param float $y3 y-coordinate of third control point.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_curveto($psdoc, float $x1, float $y1, float $x2, float $y2, float $x3, float $y3): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_curveto($psdoc, $x1, $y1, $x2, $y2, $x3, $y3);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Mainly frees memory used by the document. Also closes a file, if it was not
 * closed before with ps_close. You should in any case
 * close the file with ps_close before, because
 * ps_close not just closes the file but also outputs a
 * trailor containing PostScript comments like the number of pages in the
 * document and adding the bookmark hierarchy.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_delete($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_delete($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Ends a page which was started with ps_begin_page.
 * Ending a page will leave the current drawing context, which e.g. requires
 * to reload fonts if they were loading within the page, and to set many
 * other drawing parameters like the line width, or color..
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_end_page($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_end_page($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Ends a pattern which was started with ps_begin_pattern.
 * Once a pattern has been ended, it can be used like a color to fill
 * areas.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_end_pattern($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_end_pattern($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Ends a template which was started with ps_begin_template.
 * Once a template has been ended, it can be used like an image.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_end_template($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_end_template($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Fills and draws the path constructed with previously called drawing
 * functions like ps_lineto.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_fill_stroke($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_fill_stroke($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Fills the path constructed with previously called drawing functions like
 * ps_lineto.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_fill($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_fill($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Gets several parameters which were directly set by
 * ps_set_parameter or indirectly by one of the other
 * functions. Parameters are by definition string
 * values. This function cannot be used to retrieve resources which were also
 * set by ps_set_parameter.
 *
 * The parameter name can have the following values.
 *
 *
 *
 * fontname
 *
 *
 * The name of the currently active font or the font whose
 * identifier is passed in parameter modifier.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * fontencoding
 *
 *
 * The encoding of the currently active font.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * dottedversion
 *
 *
 * The version of the underlying pslib library in the format
 * &lt;major&gt;.&lt;minor&gt;.&lt;subminor&gt;
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * scope
 *
 *
 * The current drawing scope. Can be object, document, null, page,
 * pattern, path, template, prolog, font, glyph.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * ligaturedisolvechar
 *
 *
 * The character which dissolves a ligature. If your are using a font
 * which contains the ligature `ff' and `|' is the char to dissolve the
 * ligature, then `f|f' will result in two `f' instead of the ligature `ff'.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * imageencoding
 *
 *
 * The encoding used for encoding images. Can be either
 * hex or 85. hex encoding
 * uses two bytes in the postscript file each byte in the image.
 * 85 stand for Ascii85 encoding.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * linenumbermode
 *
 *
 * Set to paragraph if lines are numbered
 * within a paragraph or box if they are
 * numbered within the surrounding box.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * linebreak
 *
 *
 * Only used if text is output with ps_show_boxed.
 * If set to TRUE a carriage return will add a line
 * break.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * parbreak
 *
 *
 * Only used if text is output with ps_show_boxed.
 * If set to TRUE a carriage return will start
 * a new paragraph.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * hyphenation
 *
 *
 * Only used if text is output with ps_show_boxed.
 * If set to TRUE the paragraph will be hyphenated
 * if a hypen dictionary is set and exists.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * hyphendict
 *
 *
 * Filename of the dictionary used for hyphenation pattern.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $name Name of the parameter.
 * @param float $modifier An identifier needed if a parameter of a resource is requested,
 * e.g. the size of an image. In such a case the resource id is
 * passed.
 * @return string Returns the value of the parameter.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_get_parameter($psdoc, string $name, float $modifier = null): string
{
    error_clear_last();
    if ($modifier !== null) {
        $result = \ps_get_parameter($psdoc, $name, $modifier);
    } else {
        $result = \ps_get_parameter($psdoc, $name);
    }
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Hyphenates the passed word. ps_hyphenate evaluates the
 * value hyphenminchars (set by ps_set_value) and
 * the parameter hyphendict (set by ps_set_parameter).
 * hyphendict must be set before calling this function.
 *
 * This function requires the locale category LC_CTYPE to be set properly.
 * This is done when the extension is initialized by using the environment
 * variables. On Unix systems read the man page of locale for more information.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $text text should not contain any non alpha
 * characters. Possible positions for breaks are returned in an array of
 * interger numbers. Each number is the position of the char in
 * text after which a hyphenation can take place.
 * @return array An array of integers indicating the position of possible breaks in
 * the text.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_hyphenate($psdoc, string $text): array
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_hyphenate($psdoc, $text);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * This function is
 * currently not documented; only its argument list is available.
 *
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $file
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_include_file($psdoc, string $file): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_include_file($psdoc, $file);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Adds a straight line from the current point to the given coordinates to the
 * current path. Use ps_moveto to set the starting point
 * of the line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the end point of the line.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the end point of the line.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_lineto($psdoc, float $x, float $y): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_lineto($psdoc, $x, $y);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the current point to new coordinates. If this is the first call of
 * ps_moveto after a previous path has been ended then it
 * will start a new path. If this function is called in the middle of a path
 * it will just set the current point and start a subpath.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the point to move to.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the point to move to.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_moveto($psdoc, float $x, float $y): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_moveto($psdoc, $x, $y);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Creates a new document instance. It does not create the file on disk or in
 * memory, it just sets up everything. ps_new is usually
 * followed by a call of ps_open_file to actually create
 * the postscript document.
 *
 * @return resource Resource of PostScript document. The return value
 * is passed to all other functions as the first argument.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_new()
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_new();
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Creates a new file on disk and writes the PostScript document into it. The
 * file will be closed when ps_close is called.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $filename The name of the postscript file.
 * If filename is not passed the document will be
 * created in memory and all output will go straight to the browser.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_open_file($psdoc, string $filename = null): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    if ($filename !== null) {
        $result = \ps_open_file($psdoc, $filename);
    } else {
        $result = \ps_open_file($psdoc);
    }
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Places a formerly loaded image on the page. The image can be scaled.
 * If the image shall be rotated as well, you will have to rotate the
 * coordinate system before with ps_rotate.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $imageid The resource identifier of the image as returned by
 * ps_open_image or
 * ps_open_image_file.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the lower left corner of the image.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the lower left corner of the image.
 * @param float $scale The scaling factor for the image. A scale of 1.0 will result
 * in a resolution of 72 dpi, because each pixel is equivalent to
 * 1 point.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_place_image($psdoc, int $imageid, float $x, float $y, float $scale): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_place_image($psdoc, $imageid, $x, $y, $scale);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Draws a rectangle with its lower left corner at (x,
 * y). The rectangle starts and ends in its lower left
 * corner. If this function is called outside a path it will start a new path.
 * If it is called within a path it will add the rectangle as a subpath. If
 * the last drawing operation does not end in the lower left corner then there
 * will be a gap in the path.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the lower left corner of the rectangle.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the lower left corner of the rectangle.
 * @param float $width The width of the image.
 * @param float $height The height of the image.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_rect($psdoc, float $x, float $y, float $width, float $height): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_rect($psdoc, $x, $y, $width, $height);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Restores a previously saved graphics context. Any call of
 * ps_save must be accompanied by a call to
 * ps_restore. All coordinate transformations, line
 * style settings, color settings, etc. are being restored to the state
 * before the call of ps_save.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_restore($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_restore($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the rotation of the coordinate system.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $rot Angle of rotation in degree.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_rotate($psdoc, float $rot): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_rotate($psdoc, $rot);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Saves the current graphics context, containing colors, translation and
 * rotation settings and some more. A saved context can be restored with
 * ps_restore.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_save($psdoc): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_save($psdoc);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets horizontal and vertical scaling of the coordinate system.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x Scaling factor in horizontal direction.
 * @param float $y Scaling factor in vertical direction.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_scale($psdoc, float $x, float $y): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_scale($psdoc, $x, $y);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Links added with one of the functions ps_add_weblink,
 * ps_add_pdflink, etc. will be displayed with a
 * surounded rectangle when the postscript document is converted to
 * pdf and viewed in a pdf viewer. This rectangle is not visible in
 * the postscript document.
 * This function sets the color of the rectangle's border line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $red The red component of the border color.
 * @param float $green The green component of the border color.
 * @param float $blue The blue component of the border color.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_border_color($psdoc, float $red, float $green, float $blue): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_border_color($psdoc, $red, $green, $blue);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Links added with one of the functions ps_add_weblink,
 * ps_add_pdflink, etc. will be displayed with a
 * surounded rectangle when the postscript document is converted to
 * pdf and viewed in a pdf viewer. This rectangle is not visible in
 * the postscript document.
 * This function sets the length of the black and white portion of a
 * dashed border line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $black The length of the dash.
 * @param float $white The length of the gap between dashes.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_border_dash($psdoc, float $black, float $white): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_border_dash($psdoc, $black, $white);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Links added with one of the functions ps_add_weblink,
 * ps_add_pdflink, etc. will be displayed with a
 * surounded rectangle when the postscript document is converted to
 * pdf and viewed in a pdf viewer. This rectangle is not visible in
 * the postscript document.
 * This function sets the appearance and width of the border line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $style style can be solid or
 * dashed.
 * @param float $width The line width of the border.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_border_style($psdoc, string $style, float $width): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_border_style($psdoc, $style, $width);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets certain information fields of the document. This fields will be shown
 * as a comment in the header of the PostScript file. If the document is
 * converted to pdf this fields will also be used for the document
 * information.
 *
 * The BoundingBox is usually set to the value given to the
 * first page. This only works if ps_findfont has not
 * been called before. In such cases the BoundingBox would be left unset
 * unless you set it explicitly with this function.
 *
 * This function will have no effect anymore when the header of the postscript
 * file has been already written. It must be called before the first page
 * or the first call of ps_findfont.
 *
 * @param resource $p Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $key The name of the information field to set. The values which can be
 * set are Keywords, Subject,
 * Title, Creator,
 * Author, BoundingBox, and
 * Orientation. Be aware that some of them has a
 * meaning to PostScript viewers.
 * @param string $val The value of the information field. The field
 * Orientation can be set to either
 * Portrait or Landscape. The
 * BoundingBox is a string consisting of four numbers.
 * The first two numbers are the coordinates of the lower left corner of
 * the page. The last two numbers are the coordinates of the upper
 * right corner.
 *
 * Up to version 0.2.6 of pslib, the BoundingBox and Orientation
 * will be overwritten by ps_begin_page,
 * unless ps_findfont has been called before.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_info($p, string $key, string $val): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_info($p, $key, $val);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets several parameters which are used by many functions. Parameters are by
 * definition string values.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $name For a list of possible names see ps_get_parameter.
 * @param string $value The value of the parameter.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_parameter($psdoc, string $name, string $value): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_parameter($psdoc, $name, $value);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Set the position for the next text output. You may alternatively set the x
 * and y value separately by calling ps_set_value and
 * choosing textx respectively texty as
 * the value name.
 *
 * If you want to output text at a certain position it is more convenient
 * to use ps_show_xy instead of setting the text position
 * and calling ps_show.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the new text position.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the new text position.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_text_pos($psdoc, float $x, float $y): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_text_pos($psdoc, $x, $y);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets several values which are used by many functions. Parameters are by
 * definition float values.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $name The name can be one of the following:
 *
 *
 * textrendering
 *
 *
 * The way how text is shown.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * textx
 *
 *
 * The x coordinate for text output.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * texty
 *
 *
 * The y coordinate for text output.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * wordspacing
 *
 *
 * The distance between words relative to the width of a space.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * leading
 *
 *
 * The distance between lines in pixels.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * The way how text is shown.
 *
 * The x coordinate for text output.
 *
 * The y coordinate for text output.
 *
 * The distance between words relative to the width of a space.
 *
 * The distance between lines in pixels.
 * @param float $value The way how text is shown.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_set_value($psdoc, string $name, float $value): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_set_value($psdoc, $name, $value);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the color for drawing, filling, or both.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $type The parameter type can be
 * both, fill, or
 * fillstroke.
 * @param string $colorspace The colorspace should be one of gray,
 * rgb, cmyk,
 * spot, pattern. Depending on the
 * colorspace either only the first, the first three or all parameters
 * will be used.
 * @param float $c1 Depending on the colorspace this is either the red component (rgb),
 * the cyan component (cmyk), the gray value (gray), the identifier of
 * the spot color or the identifier of the pattern.
 * @param float $c2 Depending on the colorspace this is either the green component (rgb),
 * the magenta component (cmyk).
 * @param float $c3 Depending on the colorspace this is either the blue component (rgb),
 * the yellow component (cmyk).
 * @param float $c4 This must only be set in cmyk colorspace and specifies the black
 * component.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setcolor($psdoc, string $type, string $colorspace, float $c1, float $c2, float $c3, float $c4): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setcolor($psdoc, $type, $colorspace, $c1, $c2, $c3, $c4);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the length of the black and white portions of a dashed line.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $on The length of the dash.
 * @param float $off The length of the gap between dashes.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setdash($psdoc, float $on, float $off): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setdash($psdoc, $on, $off);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * This function is
 * currently not documented; only its argument list is available.
 *
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $value The value must be between 0.2 and 1.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setflat($psdoc, float $value): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setflat($psdoc, $value);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets a font, which has to be loaded before with
 * ps_findfont. Outputting text without setting a font
 * results in an error.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $fontid The font identifier as returned by ps_findfont.
 * @param float $size The size of the font.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setfont($psdoc, int $fontid, float $size): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setfont($psdoc, $fontid, $size);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the gray value for all following drawing operations.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $gray The value must be between 0 (white) and 1 (black).
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setgray($psdoc, float $gray): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setgray($psdoc, $gray);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets how line ends look like.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $type The type of line ends. Possible values are
 * PS_LINECAP_BUTT,
 * PS_LINECAP_ROUND, or
 * PS_LINECAP_SQUARED.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setlinecap($psdoc, int $type): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setlinecap($psdoc, $type);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets how lines are joined.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $type The way lines are joined. Possible values are
 * PS_LINEJOIN_MITER,
 * PS_LINEJOIN_ROUND, or
 * PS_LINEJOIN_BEVEL.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setlinejoin($psdoc, int $type): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setlinejoin($psdoc, $type);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the line width for all following drawing operations.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $width The width of lines in points.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setlinewidth($psdoc, float $width): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setlinewidth($psdoc, $width);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * If two lines join in a small angle and the line join is set to
 * PS_LINEJOIN_MITER, then
 * the resulting spike will be very long. The miter limit is the maximum
 * ratio of the miter length (the length of the spike) and the line width.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $value The maximum ratio between the miter length and the line width. Larger
 * values (&gt; 10) will result in very long spikes when two lines meet
 * in a small angle. Keep the default unless you know what you are doing.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setmiterlimit($psdoc, float $value): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setmiterlimit($psdoc, $value);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * This function is
 * currently not documented; only its argument list is available.
 *
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $mode
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setoverprintmode($psdoc, int $mode): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setoverprintmode($psdoc, $mode);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Sets the length of the black and white portions of a dashed line.
 * ps_setpolydash is used to set more complicated dash
 * patterns.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param float $arr arr is a list of length elements alternately for
 * the black and white portion.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_setpolydash($psdoc, float $arr): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_setpolydash($psdoc, $arr);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Creates a pattern based on a shading, which has to be created before with
 * ps_shading. Shading patterns can be used like regular
 * patterns.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $shadingid The identifier of a shading previously created with
 * ps_shading.
 * @param string $optlist This argument is not currently used.
 * @return int The identifier of the pattern.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_shading_pattern($psdoc, int $shadingid, string $optlist): int
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_shading_pattern($psdoc, $shadingid, $optlist);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Creates a shading, which can be used by ps_shfill or
 * ps_shading_pattern.
 *
 * The color of the shading can be in any color space except for
 * pattern.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $type The type of shading can be either radial or
 * axial. Each shading starts with the current fill
 * color and ends with the given color values passed in the parameters
 * c1 to c4
 * (see ps_setcolor for their meaning).
 * @param float $x0 The coordinates x0, y0,
 * x1, y1 are the start and
 * end point of the shading. If the type of shading is
 * radial the two points are the middle points of
 * a starting and ending circle.
 * @param float $y0 See ps_setcolor for their meaning.
 * @param float $x1 If the shading is of type radial the
 * optlist must also contain the parameters
 * r0 and r1 with the radius of the
 * start and end circle.
 * @param float $y1
 * @param float $c1
 * @param float $c2
 * @param float $c3
 * @param float $c4
 * @param string $optlist
 * @return int Returns the identifier of the pattern.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_shading($psdoc, string $type, float $x0, float $y0, float $x1, float $y1, float $c1, float $c2, float $c3, float $c4, string $optlist): int
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_shading($psdoc, $type, $x0, $y0, $x1, $y1, $c1, $c2, $c3, $c4, $optlist);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
    return $result;
}


/**
 * Fills an area with a shading, which has to be created before with
 * ps_shading. This is an alternative way to creating
 * a pattern from a shading ps_shading_pattern and using
 * the pattern as the filling color.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param int $shadingid The identifier of a shading previously created with
 * ps_shading.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_shfill($psdoc, int $shadingid): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_shfill($psdoc, $shadingid);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Output a text at the given text position.
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc Resource identifier of the postscript file
 * as returned by ps_new.
 * @param string $text The text to be output.
 * @param float $x x-coordinate of the lower left corner of the box surrounding the text.
 * @param float $y y-coordinate of the lower left corner of the box surrounding the text.
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_show_xy($psdoc, string $text, float $x, float $y): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_show_xy($psdoc, $text, $x, $y);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * This function is
 * currently not documented; only its argument list is available.
 *
 *
 * @param resource $psdoc
 * @param string $text
 * @param int $len
 * @param float $xcoor
 * @param float $ycoor
 * @throws PsException
 *
 */
function ps_show_xy2($psdoc, string $text, int $len, float $xcoor, float $ycoor): void
{
    error_clear_last();
    $result = \ps_show_xy2($psdoc, $text, $len, $xcoor, $ycoor);
    if ($result === false) {
        throw PsException::createFromPhpError();
    }
}


/**
 * Output a text at the current text position. The text position can be set
 * by storing the x and y coordinates into the values textx
 * and texty with the function
 * ps_set_value. The function will issue an
 * error if a font was not set before with ps_setfont.
 *
 * ps_show evaluates the following parameters and values
 * as set by ps_set_parameter and
 * ps_set_value.
 *
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¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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