#! /bin/false # vim: set autoindent shiftwidth=4 tabstop=4: # Conversion routines for IBM1026. # Copyright (C) 2002-2017 Guido Flohr <guido.flohr@cantanea.com>, # all rights reserved. # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. package Locale::RecodeData::IBM1026; use strict; require Locale::RecodeData; use base qw(Locale::RecodeData); my @to_ucs4 = ( 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0003, 0x009c, 0x0009, 0x0086, 0x007f, 0x0097, 0x008d, 0x008e, 0x000b, 0x000c, 0x000d, 0x000e, 0x000f, 0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0012, 0x0013, 0x009d, 0x0085, 0x0008, 0x0087, 0x0018, 0x0019, 0x0092, 0x008f, 0x001c, 0x001d, 0x001e, 0x001f, 0x0080, 0x0081, 0x0082, 0x0083, 0x0084, 0x000a, 0x0017, 0x001b, 0x0088, 0x0089, 0x008a, 0x008b, 0x008c, 0x0005, 0x0006, 0x0007, 0x0090, 0x0091, 0x0016, 0x0093, 0x0094, 0x0095, 0x0096, 0x0004, 0x0098, 0x0099, 0x009a, 0x009b, 0x0014, 0x0015, 0x009e, 0x001a, 0x0020, 0x00a0, 0x00e2, 0x00e4, 0x00e0, 0x00e1, 0x00e3, 0x00e5, 0x007b, 0x00f1, 0x00c7, 0x002e, 0x003c, 0x0028, 0x002b, 0x0021, 0x0026, 0x00e9, 0x00ea, 0x00eb, 0x00e8, 0x00ed, 0x00ee, 0x00ef, 0x00ec, 0x00df, 0x011e, 0x0130, 0x002a, 0x0029, 0x003b, 0x005e, 0x002d, 0x002f, 0x00c2, 0x00c4, 0x00c0, 0x00c1, 0x00c3, 0x00c5, 0x005b, 0x00d1, 0x015f, 0x002c, 0x0025, 0x005f, 0x003e, 0x003f, 0x00f8, 0x00c9, 0x00ca, 0x00cb, 0x00c8, 0x00cd, 0x00ce, 0x00cf, 0x00cc, 0x0131, 0x003a, 0x00d6, 0x015e, 0x0027, 0x003d, 0x00dc, 0x00d8, 0x0061, 0x0062, 0x0063, 0x0064, 0x0065, 0x0066, 0x0067, 0x0068, 0x0069, 0x00ab, 0x00bb, 0x007d, 0x0060, 0x00a6, 0x00b1, 0x00b0, 0x006a, 0x006b, 0x006c, 0x006d, 0x006e, 0x006f, 0x0070, 0x0071, 0x0072, 0x00aa, 0x00ba, 0x00e6, 0x02db, 0x00c6, 0x00a4, 0x00b5, 0x00f6, 0x0073, 0x0074, 0x0075, 0x0076, 0x0077, 0x0078, 0x0079, 0x007a, 0x00a1, 0x00bf, 0x005d, 0x0024, 0x0040, 0x00ae, 0x00a2, 0x00a3, 0x00a5, 0x00b7, 0x00a9, 0x00a7, 0x00b6, 0x00bc, 0x00bd, 0x00be, 0x00ac, 0x007c, 0x2014, 0x00a8, 0x00b4, 0x00d7, 0x00e7, 0x0041, 0x0042, 0x0043, 0x0044, 0x0045, 0x0046, 0x0047, 0x0048, 0x0049, 0x00ad, 0x00f4, 0x007e, 0x00f2, 0x00f3, 0x00f5, 0x011f, 0x004a, 0x004b, 0x004c, 0x004d, 0x004e, 0x004f, 0x0050, 0x0051, 0x0052, 0x00b9, 0x00fb, 0x005c, 0x00f9, 0x00fa, 0x00ff, 0x00fc, 0x00f7, 0x0053, 0x0054, 0x0055, 0x0056, 0x0057, 0x0058, 0x0059, 0x005a, 0x00b2, 0x00d4, 0x0023, 0x00d2, 0x00d3, 0x00d5, 0x0030, 0x0031, 0x0032, 0x0033, 0x0034, 0x0035, 0x0036, 0x0037, 0x0038, 0x0039, 0x00b3, 0x00db, 0x0022, 0x00d9, 0x00da, 0x009f, ); my @to_utf8 = ( "\x00", "\x01", "\x02", "\x03", "\xc2\x9c", "\x09", "\xc2\x86", "\x7f", "\xc2\x97", "\xc2\x8d", "\xc2\x8e", "\x0b", "\x0c", "\x0d", "\x0e", "\x0f", "\x10", "\x11", "\x12", "\x13", "\xc2\x9d", "\xc2\x85", "\x08", "\xc2\x87", "\x18", "\x19", "\xc2\x92", "\xc2\x8f", "\x1c", "\x1d", "\x1e", "\x1f", "\xc2\x80", "\xc2\x81", "\xc2\x82", "\xc2\x83", "\xc2\x84", "\x0a", "\x17", "\x1b", "\xc2\x88", "\xc2\x89", "\xc2\x8a", "\xc2\x8b", "\xc2\x8c", "\x05", "\x06", "\x07", "\xc2\x90", "\xc2\x91", "\x16", "\xc2\x93", "\xc2\x94", "\xc2\x95", "\xc2\x96", "\x04", "\xc2\x98", "\xc2\x99", "\xc2\x9a", "\xc2\x9b", "\x14", "\x15", "\xc2\x9e", "\x1a", "\x20", "\xc2\xa0", "\xc3\xa2", "\xc3\xa4", "\xc3\xa0", "\xc3\xa1", "\xc3\xa3", "\xc3\xa5", "\x7b", "\xc3\xb1", "\xc3\x87", "\x2e", "\x3c", "\x28", "\x2b", "\x21", "\x26", "\xc3\xa9", "\xc3\xaa", "\xc3\xab", "\xc3\xa8", "\xc3\xad", "\xc3\xae", "\xc3\xaf", "\xc3\xac", "\xc3\x9f", "\xc4\x9e", "\xc4\xb0", "\x2a", "\x29", "\x3b", "\x5e", "\x2d", "\x2f", "\xc3\x82", "\xc3\x84", "\xc3\x80", "\xc3\x81", "\xc3\x83", "\xc3\x85", "\x5b", "\xc3\x91", "\xc5\x9f", "\x2c", "\x25", "\x5f", "\x3e", "\x3f", "\xc3\xb8", "\xc3\x89", "\xc3\x8a", "\xc3\x8b", "\xc3\x88", "\xc3\x8d", "\xc3\x8e", "\xc3\x8f", "\xc3\x8c", "\xc4\xb1", "\x3a", "\xc3\x96", "\xc5\x9e", "\x27", "\x3d", "\xc3\x9c", "\xc3\x98", "\x61", "\x62", "\x63", "\x64", "\x65", "\x66", "\x67", "\x68", "\x69", "\xc2\xab", "\xc2\xbb", "\x7d", "\x60", "\xc2\xa6", "\xc2\xb1", "\xc2\xb0", "\x6a", "\x6b", "\x6c", "\x6d", "\x6e", "\x6f", "\x70", "\x71", "\x72", "\xc2\xaa", "\xc2\xba", "\xc3\xa6", "\xcb\x9b", "\xc3\x86", "\xc2\xa4", "\xc2\xb5", "\xc3\xb6", "\x73", "\x74", "\x75", "\x76", "\x77", "\x78", "\x79", "\x7a", "\xc2\xa1", "\xc2\xbf", "\x5d", "\x24", "\x40", "\xc2\xae", "\xc2\xa2", "\xc2\xa3", "\xc2\xa5", "\xc2\xb7", "\xc2\xa9", "\xc2\xa7", "\xc2\xb6", "\xc2\xbc", "\xc2\xbd", "\xc2\xbe", "\xc2\xac", "\x7c", "\xe2\x80\x94", "\xc2\xa8", "\xc2\xb4", "\xc3\x97", "\xc3\xa7", "\x41", "\x42", "\x43", "\x44", "\x45", "\x46", "\x47", "\x48", "\x49", "\xc2\xad", "\xc3\xb4", "\x7e", "\xc3\xb2", "\xc3\xb3", "\xc3\xb5", "\xc4\x9f", "\x4a", "\x4b", "\x4c", "\x4d", "\x4e", "\x4f", "\x50", "\x51", "\x52", "\xc2\xb9", "\xc3\xbb", "\x5c", "\xc3\xb9", "\xc3\xba", "\xc3\xbf", "\xc3\xbc", "\xc3\xb7", "\x53", "\x54", "\x55", "\x56", "\x57", "\x58", "\x59", "\x5a", "\xc2\xb2", "\xc3\x94", "\x23", "\xc3\x92", "\xc3\x93", "\xc3\x95", "\x30", "\x31", "\x32", "\x33", "\x34", "\x35", "\x36", "\x37", "\x38", "\x39", "\xc2\xb3", "\xc3\x9b", "\x22", "\xc3\x99", "\xc3\x9a", "\xc2\x9f", ); my %from_ucs4 = ( 0x00000000 => "\x00", 0x00000001 => "\x01", 0x00000002 => "\x02", 0x00000003 => "\x03", 0x00000004 => "\x37", 0x00000005 => "\x2d", 0x00000006 => "\x2e", 0x00000007 => "\x2f", 0x00000008 => "\x16", 0x00000009 => "\x05", 0x0000000a => "\x25", 0x0000000b => "\x0b", 0x0000000c => "\x0c", 0x0000000d => "\x0d", 0x0000000e => "\x0e", 0x0000000f => "\x0f", 0x00000010 => "\x10", 0x00000011 => "\x11", 0x00000012 => "\x12", 0x00000013 => "\x13", 0x00000014 => "\x3c", 0x00000015 => "\x3d", 0x00000016 => "\x32", 0x00000017 => "\x26", 0x00000018 => "\x18", 0x00000019 => "\x19", 0x0000001a => "\x3f", 0x0000001b => "\x27", 0x0000001c => "\x1c", 0x0000001d => "\x1d", 0x0000001e => "\x1e", 0x0000001f => "\x1f", 0x00000020 => "\x40", 0x00000021 => "\x4f", 0x00000022 => "\xfc", 0x00000023 => "\xec", 0x00000024 => "\xad", 0x00000025 => "\x6c", 0x00000026 => "\x50", 0x00000027 => "\x7d", 0x00000028 => "\x4d", 0x00000029 => "\x5d", 0x0000002a => "\x5c", 0x0000002b => "\x4e", 0x0000002c => "\x6b", 0x0000002d => "\x60", 0x0000002e => "\x4b", 0x0000002f => "\x61", 0x00000030 => "\xf0", 0x00000031 => "\xf1", 0x00000032 => "\xf2", 0x00000033 => "\xf3", 0x00000034 => "\xf4", 0x00000035 => "\xf5", 0x00000036 => "\xf6", 0x00000037 => "\xf7", 0x00000038 => "\xf8", 0x00000039 => "\xf9", 0x0000003a => "\x7a", 0x0000003b => "\x5e", 0x0000003c => "\x4c", 0x0000003d => "\x7e", 0x0000003e => "\x6e", 0x0000003f => "\x6f", 0x00000040 => "\xae", 0x00000041 => "\xc1", 0x00000042 => "\xc2", 0x00000043 => "\xc3", 0x00000044 => "\xc4", 0x00000045 => "\xc5", 0x00000046 => "\xc6", 0x00000047 => "\xc7", 0x00000048 => "\xc8", 0x00000049 => "\xc9", 0x0000004a => "\xd1", 0x0000004b => "\xd2", 0x0000004c => "\xd3", 0x0000004d => "\xd4", 0x0000004e => "\xd5", 0x0000004f => "\xd6", 0x00000050 => "\xd7", 0x00000051 => "\xd8", 0x00000052 => "\xd9", 0x00000053 => "\xe2", 0x00000054 => "\xe3", 0x00000055 => "\xe4", 0x00000056 => "\xe5", 0x00000057 => "\xe6", 0x00000058 => "\xe7", 0x00000059 => "\xe8", 0x0000005a => "\xe9", 0x0000005b => "\x68", 0x0000005c => "\xdc", 0x0000005d => "\xac", 0x0000005e => "\x5f", 0x0000005f => "\x6d", 0x00000060 => "\x8d", 0x00000061 => "\x81", 0x00000062 => "\x82", 0x00000063 => "\x83", 0x00000064 => "\x84", 0x00000065 => "\x85", 0x00000066 => "\x86", 0x00000067 => "\x87", 0x00000068 => "\x88", 0x00000069 => "\x89", 0x0000006a => "\x91", 0x0000006b => "\x92", 0x0000006c => "\x93", 0x0000006d => "\x94", 0x0000006e => "\x95", 0x0000006f => "\x96", 0x00000070 => "\x97", 0x00000071 => "\x98", 0x00000072 => "\x99", 0x00000073 => "\xa2", 0x00000074 => "\xa3", 0x00000075 => "\xa4", 0x00000076 => "\xa5", 0x00000077 => "\xa6", 0x00000078 => "\xa7", 0x00000079 => "\xa8", 0x0000007a => "\xa9", 0x0000007b => "\x48", 0x0000007c => "\xbb", 0x0000007d => "\x8c", 0x0000007e => "\xcc", 0x0000007f => "\x07", 0x00000080 => "\x20", 0x00000081 => "\x21", 0x00000082 => "\x22", 0x00000083 => "\x23", 0x00000084 => "\x24", 0x00000085 => "\x15", 0x00000086 => "\x06", 0x00000087 => "\x17", 0x00000088 => "\x28", 0x00000089 => "\x29", 0x0000008a => "\x2a", 0x0000008b => "\x2b", 0x0000008c => "\x2c", 0x0000008d => "\x09", 0x0000008e => "\x0a", 0x0000008f => "\x1b", 0x00000090 => "\x30", 0x00000091 => "\x31", 0x00000092 => "\x1a", 0x00000093 => "\x33", 0x00000094 => "\x34", 0x00000095 => "\x35", 0x00000096 => "\x36", 0x00000097 => "\x08", 0x00000098 => "\x38", 0x00000099 => "\x39", 0x0000009a => "\x3a", 0x0000009b => "\x3b", 0x0000009c => "\x04", 0x0000009d => "\x14", 0x0000009e => "\x3e", 0x0000009f => "\xff", 0x000000a0 => "\x41", 0x000000a1 => "\xaa", 0x000000a2 => "\xb0", 0x000000a3 => "\xb1", 0x000000a4 => "\x9f", 0x000000a5 => "\xb2", 0x000000a6 => "\x8e", 0x000000a7 => "\xb5", 0x000000a8 => "\xbd", 0x000000a9 => "\xb4", 0x000000aa => "\x9a", 0x000000ab => "\x8a", 0x000000ac => "\xba", 0x000000ad => "\xca", 0x000000ae => "\xaf", 0x000000b0 => "\x90", 0x000000b1 => "\x8f", 0x000000b2 => "\xea", 0x000000b3 => "\xfa", 0x000000b4 => "\xbe", 0x000000b5 => "\xa0", 0x000000b6 => "\xb6", 0x000000b7 => "\xb3", 0x000000b9 => "\xda", 0x000000ba => "\x9b", 0x000000bb => "\x8b", 0x000000bc => "\xb7", 0x000000bd => "\xb8", 0x000000be => "\xb9", 0x000000bf => "\xab", 0x000000c0 => "\x64", 0x000000c1 => "\x65", 0x000000c2 => "\x62", 0x000000c3 => "\x66", 0x000000c4 => "\x63", 0x000000c5 => "\x67", 0x000000c6 => "\x9e", 0x000000c7 => "\x4a", 0x000000c8 => "\x74", 0x000000c9 => "\x71", 0x000000ca => "\x72", 0x000000cb => "\x73", 0x000000cc => "\x78", 0x000000cd => "\x75", 0x000000ce => "\x76", 0x000000cf => "\x77", 0x000000d1 => "\x69", 0x000000d2 => "\xed", 0x000000d3 => "\xee", 0x000000d4 => "\xeb", 0x000000d5 => "\xef", 0x000000d6 => "\x7b", 0x000000d7 => "\xbf", 0x000000d8 => "\x80", 0x000000d9 => "\xfd", 0x000000da => "\xfe", 0x000000db => "\xfb", 0x000000dc => "\x7f", 0x000000df => "\x59", 0x000000e0 => "\x44", 0x000000e1 => "\x45", 0x000000e2 => "\x42", 0x000000e3 => "\x46", 0x000000e4 => "\x43", 0x000000e5 => "\x47", 0x000000e6 => "\x9c", 0x000000e7 => "\xc0", 0x000000e8 => "\x54", 0x000000e9 => "\x51", 0x000000ea => "\x52", 0x000000eb => "\x53", 0x000000ec => "\x58", 0x000000ed => "\x55", 0x000000ee => "\x56", 0x000000ef => "\x57", 0x000000f1 => "\x49", 0x000000f2 => "\xcd", 0x000000f3 => "\xce", 0x000000f4 => "\xcb", 0x000000f5 => "\xcf", 0x000000f6 => "\xa1", 0x000000f7 => "\xe1", 0x000000f8 => "\x70", 0x000000f9 => "\xdd", 0x000000fa => "\xde", 0x000000fb => "\xdb", 0x000000fc => "\xe0", 0x000000ff => "\xdf", 0x0000011e => "\x5a", 0x0000011f => "\xd0", 0x00000130 => "\x5b", 0x00000131 => "\x79", 0x0000015e => "\x7c", 0x0000015f => "\x6a", 0x000002db => "\x9d", 0x00002014 => "\xbc", ); sub _recode { if ($_[0]->{_from} eq 'INTERNAL') { $_[1] = join '', map $from_ucs4{$_} || (defined $from_ucs4{$_} ? $from_ucs4{$_} : "\x6f"), @{$_[1]}; } elsif ($_[0]->{_to} eq 'UTF-8',) { $_[1] = join '', map $to_utf8[$_], unpack 'C*', $_[1]; } else { $_[1] = [ map $to_ucs4[$_], unpack 'C*', $_[1] ]; } return 1; } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Locale::RecodeData::IBM1026 - Conversion routines for IBM1026 =head1 SYNOPSIS This module is internal to libintl. Do not use directly! =head1 DESCRIPTION This module is generated and contains the conversion tables and routines for IBM1026. =head1 COMMENTS The following comments have been extracted from the original charmap: version: 1.0 source: IBM NLS RM Vol2 SE09-8002-01, March 1990 alias CP1026 alias 1026 Please note that aliases listed above are not necessarily valid! =head1 CHARACTER TABLE The following table is sorted in the same order as the original charmap. All character codes are in hexadecimal. Please read 'ISO-10646' as 'ISO-10646-UCS4'. Local | ISO-10646 | Description -------+-----------+------------------------------------------------- 00 | 00000000 | NULL (NUL) 01 | 00000001 | START OF HEADING (SOH) 02 | 00000002 | START OF TEXT (STX) 03 | 00000003 | END OF TEXT (ETX) 04 | 0000009C | STRING TERMINATOR (ST) 05 | 00000009 | CHARACTER TABULATION (HT) 06 | 00000086 | START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA) 07 | 0000007F | DELETE (DEL) 08 | 00000097 | END OF GUARDED AREA (EPA) 09 | 0000008D | REVERSE LINE FEED (RI) 0A | 0000008E | SINGLE-SHIFT TWO (SS2) 0B | 0000000B | LINE TABULATION (VT) 0C | 0000000C | FORM FEED (FF) 0D | 0000000D | CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) 0E | 0000000E | SHIFT OUT (SO) 0F | 0000000F | SHIFT IN (SI) 10 | 00000010 | DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE) 11 | 00000011 | DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1) 12 | 00000012 | DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2) 13 | 00000013 | DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3) 14 | 0000009D | OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC) 15 | 00000085 | NEXT LINE (NEL) 16 | 00000008 | BACKSPACE (BS) 17 | 00000087 | END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA) 18 | 00000018 | CANCEL (CAN) 19 | 00000019 | END OF MEDIUM (EM) 1A | 00000092 | PRIVATE USE TWO (PU2) 1B | 0000008F | SINGLE-SHIFT THREE (SS3) 1C | 0000001C | FILE SEPARATOR (IS4) 1D | 0000001D | GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) 1E | 0000001E | RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2) 1F | 0000001F | UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1) 20 | 00000080 | PADDING CHARACTER (PAD) 21 | 00000081 | HIGH OCTET PRESET (HOP) 22 | 00000082 | BREAK PERMITTED HERE (BPH) 23 | 00000083 | NO BREAK HERE (NBH) 24 | 00000084 | INDEX (IND) 25 | 0000000A | LINE FEED (LF) 26 | 00000017 | END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB) 27 | 0000001B | ESCAPE (ESC) 28 | 00000088 | CHARACTER TABULATION SET (HTS) 29 | 00000089 | CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION (HTJ) 2A | 0000008A | LINE TABULATION SET (VTS) 2B | 0000008B | PARTIAL LINE FORWARD (PLD) 2C | 0000008C | PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD (PLU) 2D | 00000005 | ENQUIRY (ENQ) 2E | 00000006 | ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) 2F | 00000007 | BELL (BEL) 30 | 00000090 | DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS) 31 | 00000091 | PRIVATE USE ONE (PU1) 32 | 00000016 | SYNCHRONOUS IDLE (SYN) 33 | 00000093 | SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS) 34 | 00000094 | CANCEL CHARACTER (CCH) 35 | 00000095 | MESSAGE WAITING (MW) 36 | 00000096 | START OF GUARDED AREA (SPA) 37 | 00000004 | END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) 38 | 00000098 | START OF STRING (SOS) 39 | 00000099 | SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SGCI) 3A | 0000009A | SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SCI) 3B | 0000009B | CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER (CSI) 3C | 00000014 | DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4) 3D | 00000015 | NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK) 3E | 0000009E | PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM) 3F | 0000001A | SUBSTITUTE (SUB) 40 | 00000020 | SPACE 41 | 000000A0 | NO-BREAK SPACE 42 | 000000E2 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX 43 | 000000E4 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS 44 | 000000E0 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE 45 | 000000E1 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE 46 | 000000E3 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE 47 | 000000E5 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE 48 | 0000007B | LEFT CURLY BRACKET 49 | 000000F1 | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE 4A | 000000C7 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA 4B | 0000002E | FULL STOP 4C | 0000003C | LESS-THAN SIGN 4D | 00000028 | LEFT PARENTHESIS 4E | 0000002B | PLUS SIGN 4F | 00000021 | EXCLAMATION MARK 50 | 00000026 | AMPERSAND 51 | 000000E9 | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE 52 | 000000EA | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX 53 | 000000EB | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS 54 | 000000E8 | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE 55 | 000000ED | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE 56 | 000000EE | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX 57 | 000000EF | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS 58 | 000000EC | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE 59 | 000000DF | LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German) 5A | 0000011E | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE 5B | 00000130 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE 5C | 0000002A | ASTERISK 5D | 00000029 | RIGHT PARENTHESIS 5E | 0000003B | SEMICOLON 5F | 0000005E | CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 60 | 0000002D | HYPHEN-MINUS 61 | 0000002F | SOLIDUS 62 | 000000C2 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX 63 | 000000C4 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS 64 | 000000C0 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE 65 | 000000C1 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE 66 | 000000C3 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE 67 | 000000C5 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE 68 | 0000005B | LEFT SQUARE BRACKET 69 | 000000D1 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE 6A | 0000015F | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA 6B | 0000002C | COMMA 6C | 00000025 | PERCENT SIGN 6D | 0000005F | LOW LINE 6E | 0000003E | GREATER-THAN SIGN 6F | 0000003F | QUESTION MARK 70 | 000000F8 | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE 71 | 000000C9 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE 72 | 000000CA | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX 73 | 000000CB | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS 74 | 000000C8 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE 75 | 000000CD | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE 76 | 000000CE | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX 77 | 000000CF | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS 78 | 000000CC | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE 79 | 00000131 | LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I 7A | 0000003A | COLON 7B | 000000D6 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS 7C | 0000015E | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA 7D | 00000027 | APOSTROPHE 7E | 0000003D | EQUALS SIGN 7F | 000000DC | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS 80 | 000000D8 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE 81 | 00000061 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A 82 | 00000062 | LATIN SMALL LETTER B 83 | 00000063 | LATIN SMALL LETTER C 84 | 00000064 | LATIN SMALL LETTER D 85 | 00000065 | LATIN SMALL LETTER E 86 | 00000066 | LATIN SMALL LETTER F 87 | 00000067 | LATIN SMALL LETTER G 88 | 00000068 | LATIN SMALL LETTER H 89 | 00000069 | LATIN SMALL LETTER I 8A | 000000AB | LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK 8B | 000000BB | RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK 8C | 0000007D | RIGHT CURLY BRACKET 8D | 00000060 | GRAVE ACCENT 8E | 000000A6 | BROKEN BAR 8F | 000000B1 | PLUS-MINUS SIGN 90 | 000000B0 | DEGREE SIGN 91 | 0000006A | 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0000005D | RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET AD | 00000024 | DOLLAR SIGN AE | 00000040 | COMMERCIAL AT AF | 000000AE | REGISTERED SIGN B0 | 000000A2 | CENT SIGN B1 | 000000A3 | POUND SIGN B2 | 000000A5 | YEN SIGN B3 | 000000B7 | MIDDLE DOT B4 | 000000A9 | COPYRIGHT SIGN B5 | 000000A7 | SECTION SIGN B6 | 000000B6 | PILCROW SIGN B7 | 000000BC | VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER B8 | 000000BD | VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF B9 | 000000BE | VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS BA | 000000AC | NOT SIGN BB | 0000007C | VERTICAL LINE BC | 00002014 | EM DASH BD | 000000A8 | DIAERESIS BE | 000000B4 | ACUTE ACCENT BF | 000000D7 | MULTIPLICATION SIGN C0 | 000000E7 | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA C1 | 00000041 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A C2 | 00000042 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B C3 | 00000043 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C C4 | 00000044 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D C5 | 00000045 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E C6 | 00000046 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F C7 | 00000047 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G C8 | 00000048 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H C9 | 00000049 | 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| DIVISION SIGN E2 | 00000053 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S E3 | 00000054 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T E4 | 00000055 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U E5 | 00000056 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V E6 | 00000057 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W E7 | 00000058 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X E8 | 00000059 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y E9 | 0000005A | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z EA | 000000B2 | SUPERSCRIPT TWO EB | 000000D4 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX EC | 00000023 | NUMBER SIGN ED | 000000D2 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE EE | 000000D3 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE EF | 000000D5 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE F0 | 00000030 | DIGIT ZERO F1 | 00000031 | DIGIT ONE F2 | 00000032 | DIGIT TWO F3 | 00000033 | DIGIT THREE F4 | 00000034 | DIGIT FOUR F5 | 00000035 | DIGIT FIVE F6 | 00000036 | DIGIT SIX F7 | 00000037 | DIGIT SEVEN F8 | 00000038 | DIGIT EIGHT F9 | 00000039 | DIGIT NINE FA | 000000B3 | SUPERSCRIPT THREE FB | 000000DB | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX FC | 00000022 | QUOTATION MARK FD | 000000D9 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE FE | 000000DA | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE FF | 0000009F | APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC) =head1 AUTHOR Copyright (C) 2002-2017 L<Guido Flohr|http://www.guido-flohr.net/> (L<mailto:guido.flohr@cantanea.com>), all rights reserved. See the source code for details!code for details! =head1 SEE ALSO Locale::RecodeData(3), Locale::Recode(3), perl(1) =cut Local Variables: mode: perl perl-indent-level: 4 perl-continued-statement-offset: 4 perl-continued-brace-offset: 0 perl-brace-offset: -4 perl-brace-imaginary-offset: 0 perl-label-offset: -4 cperl-indent-level: 4 cperl-continued-statement-offset: 2 tab-width: 4 End:

Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.

Riesgos de una mala higiene

Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
Mal aliento (halitosis).
Sarro perros
Puede ir a más
Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
Llámanos al 622575274 o contacta con nosotros

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

Riesgos de una mala higiene

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Ultrasonido para perros

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Conclusión

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