Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/share/doc/bpfcc-tools/examples/doc/offwaketime_example.txt
Demonstrations of offwaketime, the Linux eBPF/bcc version.


This program shows kernel stack traces and task names that were blocked and
"off-CPU", along with the stack traces and task names for the threads that woke
them, and the total elapsed time from when they blocked to when they were woken
up.  This combines the summaries from both the offwaketime and wakeuptime tools.
The time measurement will be very similar to off-CPU time, however, off-CPU time
may include a little extra time spent waiting on a run queue to be scheduled.
The combined stacks, task names, and total time is summarized in kernel context
for efficiency, using an eBPF map.

The output summary will further help you identify reasons why threads
were blocking, and quantify the time from when they were blocked to woken up.
This spans all types of blocking activity: disk I/O, network I/O, locks, page
faults, swapping, sleeping, involuntary context switches, etc.

Here is some sample output from a 5 second trace, truncated to highlight several
stack pairs:

# ./offwaketime 5
Tracing blocked time (us) by kernel off-CPU and waker stack for 5 secs.

[...]

    waker:           swapper/0
    ffffffff8137897c blk_mq_complete_request
    ffffffff81378930 __blk_mq_complete_request
    ffffffff81378793 blk_mq_end_request
    ffffffff813778b9 blk_mq_free_request
    ffffffff8137782d __blk_mq_free_request
    ffffffff8137bc57 blk_mq_put_tag
    ffffffff8137b2c7 bt_clear_tag
    ffffffff810b54d9 __wake_up
    ffffffff810b5462 __wake_up_common
    ffffffff810b5b12 autoremove_wake_function
    -                -
    ffffffff81785085 schedule
    ffffffff81787e16 schedule_timeout
    ffffffff81784634 __sched_text_start
    ffffffff8137b839 bt_get
    ffffffff8137bbf7 blk_mq_get_tag
    ffffffff8137761b __blk_mq_alloc_request
    ffffffff81379442 blk_mq_map_request
    ffffffff8137a445 blk_sq_make_request
    ffffffff8136ebc3 generic_make_request
    ffffffff8136ed07 submit_bio
    ffffffff81225adf submit_bh_wbc
    ffffffff81225b42 submit_bh
    ffffffff812721e0 __ext4_get_inode_loc
    ffffffff812751dd ext4_iget
    ffffffff81275c90 ext4_iget_normal
    ffffffff8127f45b ext4_lookup
    ffffffff811f94ed lookup_real
    ffffffff811fad43 __lookup_hash
    ffffffff811fc3fb walk_component
    ffffffff811fd050 link_path_walk
    target:          cksum
        56529

[...]

    waker:           swapper/1
    ffffffff81475cf0 xen_evtchn_do_upcall
    ffffffff81473e83 __xen_evtchn_do_upcall
    ffffffff814766f7 evtchn_2l_handle_events
    ffffffff810cb0c2 generic_handle_irq
    ffffffff810cf1ca handle_percpu_irq
    ffffffff810cb9c8 handle_irq_event_percpu
    ffffffff8100b9e1 xen_timer_interrupt
    ffffffff810dfba8 hrtimer_interrupt
    ffffffff810df494 __hrtimer_run_queues
    ffffffff810df082 hrtimer_wakeup
    -                -
    ffffffff81785085 schedule
    ffffffff817880bf do_nanosleep
    ffffffff810e003d hrtimer_nanosleep
    ffffffff810e018c sys_nanosleep
    ffffffff81789076 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath
    target:          vmstat
        3000331

[...]

    waker:           swapper/0
    ffffffff81378930 __blk_mq_complete_request
    ffffffff8137875a blk_mq_end_request
    ffffffff8136f157 blk_update_request
    ffffffff8136836f bio_endio
    ffffffff812ba709 mpage_end_io
    ffffffff81176af9 unlock_page
    ffffffff810b5781 __wake_up_bit
    ffffffff810b54d9 __wake_up
    ffffffff810b5462 __wake_up_common
    ffffffff810b5b7e wake_bit_function
    -                -
    ffffffff81785085 schedule
    ffffffff81787e16 schedule_timeout
    ffffffff81784634 __sched_text_start
    ffffffff8178586b bit_wait_io
    ffffffff8178563e __wait_on_bit_lock
    ffffffff8117616e __lock_page_killable
    ffffffff81177fce generic_file_read_iter
    ffffffff811ef9c7 __vfs_read
    ffffffff811f0206 vfs_read
    ffffffff811f0eb6 sys_read
    ffffffff81789076 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath
    target:          cksum
        4334521

[...]

    waker:           kworker/u16:2
    ffffffff8178940f ret_from_fork
    ffffffff81092979 kthread
    ffffffff8108caeb worker_thread
    ffffffff8108c80a process_one_work
    ffffffff81496df5 flush_to_ldisc
    ffffffff81494424 n_tty_receive_buf2
    ffffffff814939fd n_tty_receive_buf_common
    ffffffff810b54d9 __wake_up
    ffffffff810b5462 __wake_up_common
    ffffffff812037b6 pollwake
    -                -
    ffffffff81785085 schedule
    ffffffff81788234 schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock
    ffffffff81788253 schedule_hrtimeout_range
    ffffffff812035d4 poll_schedule_timeout
    ffffffff8120402a do_select
    ffffffff812042f0 core_sys_select
    ffffffff8120449b sys_select
    ffffffff81789076 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath
    target:          sshd
        6530897

[...]

    waker:           swapper/0
    ffffffff81475cf0 xen_evtchn_do_upcall
    ffffffff81473e83 __xen_evtchn_do_upcall
    ffffffff814766f7 evtchn_2l_handle_events
    ffffffff810cb0c2 generic_handle_irq
    ffffffff810cf1ca handle_percpu_irq
    ffffffff810cb9c8 handle_irq_event_percpu
    ffffffff8100b9e1 xen_timer_interrupt
    ffffffff810dfba8 hrtimer_interrupt
    ffffffff810df494 __hrtimer_run_queues
    ffffffff810df082 hrtimer_wakeup
    -                -
    ffffffff81785085 schedule
    ffffffff81787fc3 schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23
    ffffffff81788219 schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock
    ffffffff81788253 schedule_hrtimeout_range
    ffffffff812035d4 poll_schedule_timeout
    ffffffff81204b6d do_sys_poll
    ffffffff81204cf2 sys_poll
    ffffffff81789076 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath
    target:          supervise
        16332240

Detaching...

The output includes two paths from the cksum(1) command, one for reading files
via vfs_read() and the other doing a link_path_walk(). There is also a vmstat(8)
stack showing it sleeping between intervals, and an sshd(8) stack showing it
waiting on a file descriptor for input.

The stack shown at the bottom is the off-CPU stack belonging to the task name
shown after "target:". Then there is a separator, "-", and above it the waker
stack and the waker task name after "waker:". The wakeup stack is printed
in reverse order.

The number beneath the stacks is the total time spent from the blocking event
to the wakeup event. This is summed for all occurrences with the same stack
pairs.


The -u option will print user-mode target threads only, and the -f option will
show the stacks in "folded stacks" format. Eg:

# ./offwaketime -fu 5
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;ext4_truncate;ext4_ext_truncate;ext4_ext_remove_space;ext4_free_blocks;__ext4_handle_dirty_metadata;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 2
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;tty_read;n_tty_read;down_read;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 2
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;iget_locked;alloc_inode;ext4_alloc_inode;kmem_cache_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
mkdir;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;anon_vma_prepare;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;link_path_walk;walk_component;__lookup_hash;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;__ext4_get_inode_loc;__breadahead;ll_rw_block;submit_bh_wbc;bio_alloc_bioset;mempool_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;page_cache_sync_readahead;ondemand_readahead;__do_page_cache_readahead;ext4_readpages;ext4_mpage_readpages;ext4_map_blocks;down_read;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;fd_install;__fd_install;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;elf_map;vm_munmap;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 3
svscan;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_getdents;iterate_dir;ext4_readdir;ext4_htree_fill_tree;htree_dirblock_to_tree;ext4_htree_store_dirent;__kmalloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 4
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;mutex_lock;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 4
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_mprotect;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 5
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 5
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;set_brk;vm_brk;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 5
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;anon_vma_fork;anon_vma_clone;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 6
svscan;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/0 11
supervise;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;exit_mmap;free_pgtables;unlink_anon_vmas;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 12
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 13
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_write;vfs_write;__vfs_write;sock_write_iter;sock_sendmsg;inet_sendmsg;tcp_sendmsg;lock_sock_nested;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 14
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_write;vfs_write;__vfs_write;tty_write;n_tty_write;mutex_lock;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 19
sshd;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 24
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;vm_brk;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 31
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_write;vfs_write;__vfs_write;sock_write_iter;sock_sendmsg;inet_sendmsg;tcp_sendmsg;sk_stream_alloc_skb;__alloc_skb;kmem_cache_alloc_node;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 32
run;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 33
run;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;anon_vma_prepare;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 33
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 35
run;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;__do_fault;filemap_fault;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 36
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;elf_map;vm_mmap;vm_mmap_pgoff;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 38
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;__ext4_get_inode_loc;__getblk_gfp;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 38
chmod;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 39
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_munmap;vm_munmap;do_munmap;unmap_region;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 41
readproctitle;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;pipe_read;mutex_lock;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 44
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;kmem_cache_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 48
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;exit_mmap;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 49
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;tty_poll;tty_ldisc_ref_wait;ldsem_down_read;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 50
supervise;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;remove_arg_zero;get_user_pages;__get_user_pages;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 50
readproctitle;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 51
mkdir;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 53
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;copy_creds;prepare_creds;kmem_cache_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 66
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;__ext4_read_dirblock;ext4_bread;ext4_getblk;__getblk_gfp;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 76
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;kernel_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 96
chmod;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_exit_group;do_group_exit;do_exit;mmput;exit_mmap;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 100
run;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;__do_fault;filemap_fault;__lock_page_or_retry;wait_on_page_bit_killable;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;handle_mm_fault;__do_page_fault;do_page_fault;page_fault;;run 117
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;copy_page_range;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 117
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 121
chown;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_mmap;sys_mmap_pgoff;vm_mmap_pgoff;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 137
chown;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_mmap;sys_mmap_pgoff;vm_mmap_pgoff;do_mmap;mmap_region;kmem_cache_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 138
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;count.isra.21.constprop.38;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 145
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;mkdir 147
chmod;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;clear_user;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 159
chown;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;setup_arg_pages;shift_arg_pages;vma_adjust;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 173
chown;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 176
chmod;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 191
chmod;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_fchmodat;chmod_common;notify_change;ext4_setattr;__mark_inode_dirty;ext4_dirty_inode;ext4_mark_inode_dirty;ext4_reserve_inode_write;__ext4_get_inode_loc;__getblk_gfp;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 221
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;trailing_symlink;page_follow_link_light;page_getlink.isra.34.constprop.38;read_cache_page;do_read_cache_page;wait_on_page_read;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;swapper/0 230
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;__ext4_read_dirblock;ext4_bread;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;rcu_sched 231
supervise;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 234
chown;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 249
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;svscan 273
mkdir;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_exit_group;do_group_exit;do_exit;mmput;exit_mmap;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 382
supervise;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;exit_mmap;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 389
run;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;do_wp_page;wp_page_copy.isra.57;anon_vma_prepare;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 390
supervise;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;sched_exec;stop_one_cpu;wait_for_completion;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 409
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;sched_exec;stop_one_cpu;wait_for_completion;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 419
mkdir;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 457
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;rcuos/0 460
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_exit_group;do_group_exit;do_exit;mmput;exit_mmap;unmap_vmas;unmap_single_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 481
sshd;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 495
cksum;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;dx_probe;__ext4_read_dirblock;ext4_bread;ext4_getblk;ext4_map_blocks;ext4_ext_map_blocks;ext4_find_extent;__read_extent_tree_block;bh_submit_read;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 495
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;dx_probe;__ext4_read_dirblock;ext4_bread;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 514
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;alloc_pid;kmem_cache_alloc;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 572
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_script;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;clear_user;page_fault;do_page_fault;__do_page_fault;handle_mm_fault;__pte_alloc;pte_alloc_one;alloc_pages_current;__alloc_pages_nodemask;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 579
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_clone;_do_fork;copy_process;copy_page_range;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 590
cksum;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 592
chmod;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;setup_arg_pages;shift_arg_pages;vma_adjust;down_write;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 697
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;__ext4_read_dirblock;ext4_bread;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 706
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_write;vfs_write;__vfs_write;tty_write;n_tty_write;mutex_lock;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-;woken_wake_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;n_tty_read;tty_read;__vfs_read;vfs_read;sys_read;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;;sshd 804
supervise;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 1101
run;return_from_execve;sys_execve;do_execveat_common.isra.33;search_binary_handler;load_elf_binary;flush_old_exec;mmput;exit_mmap;free_pgtables;unlink_anon_vmas;__put_anon_vma;_cond_resched;preempt_schedule_common;-; 1122
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;readproctitle 1319
run;int_ret_from_sys_call;syscall_return_slowpath;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 1902
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;chown 1925
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;cksum 2181
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;link_path_walk;walk_component;__lookup_hash;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 2599
cksum;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 2816
supervise;ext4_rename2;ext4_rename;ext4_alloc_da_blocks;filemap_flush;__filemap_fdatawrite_range;do_writepages;ext4_writepages;ext4_map_blocks;ext4_ext_map_blocks;ext4_mb_new_blocks;ext4_mb_mark_diskspace_used;__ext4_journal_get_write_access;jbd2_journal_get_write_access;do_get_write_access;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;journal_end_buffer_io_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;swapper/0 3393
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;supervise 5398
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;pollwake;__wake_up_common;__wake_up_sync_key;sock_def_readable;tcp_data_queue;tcp_rcv_established;tcp_v4_do_rcv;tcp_v4_rcv;ip_local_deliver_finish;ip_local_deliver;mkdir 6582
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;chmod 8310
run;retint_user;prepare_exit_to_usermode;exit_to_usermode_loop;schedule;-; 8444
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;readproctitle 9768
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;run 9945
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;mkdir 11978
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;link_path_walk;walk_component;__lookup_hash;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;__ext4_get_inode_loc;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 12120
cksum;link_path_walk;walk_component;__lookup_hash;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;__ext4_get_inode_loc;submit_bh;submit_bh_wbc;submit_bio;generic_make_request;blk_sq_make_request;blk_mq_map_request;__blk_mq_alloc_request;blk_mq_get_tag;bt_get;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;autoremove_wake_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;bt_clear_tag;blk_mq_put_tag;__blk_mq_free_request;blk_mq_free_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;blk_mq_complete_request;swapper/0 23243
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_find_entry;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 24767
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_wait4;do_wait;schedule;-;child_wait_callback;__wake_up_common;__wake_up_sync_key;__wake_up_parent;do_notify_parent;do_exit;do_group_exit;sys_exit_group;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;;chmod 33289
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_wait4;do_wait;schedule;-;child_wait_callback;__wake_up_common;__wake_up_sync_key;__wake_up_parent;do_notify_parent;do_exit;do_group_exit;sys_exit_group;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;;mkdir 34991
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;supervise 35746
run;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_wait4;do_wait;schedule;-;child_wait_callback;__wake_up_common;__wake_up_sync_key;__wake_up_parent;do_notify_parent;do_exit;do_group_exit;sys_exit_group;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;;chown 36942
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_rename;dput;__dentry_kill;iput;evict;ext4_evict_inode;truncate_inode_pages_final;truncate_inode_pages_range;wait_on_page_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;end_page_writeback;ext4_finish_bio;ext4_end_bio;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;swapper/0 42993
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_open;do_sys_open;do_filp_open;path_openat;lookup_real;ext4_lookup;ext4_iget_normal;ext4_iget;__ext4_get_inode_loc;__wait_on_buffer;out_of_line_wait_on_bit;__wait_on_bit;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;wake_up_bit;unlock_buffer;__end_buffer_read_notouch;end_buffer_read_sync;end_bio_bh_io_sync;bio_endio;swapper/0 53348
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;pollwake;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;n_tty_receive_buf_common;n_tty_receive_buf2;flush_to_ldisc;process_one_work;worker_thread;kthread;ret_from_fork;kworker/u16:2 86256
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;run 109480
ntpd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;signal_wake_up_state;complete_signal;__send_signal;send_signal;do_send_sig_info;group_send_sig_info;kill_pid_info;it_real_fn;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;cksum 999975
ntpd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;signal_wake_up_state;complete_signal;__send_signal;send_signal;do_send_sig_info;group_send_sig_info;kill_pid_info;it_real_fn;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;swapper/0 999976
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_poll;do_sys_poll;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;chmod 1021082
snmpd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/0 1726275
ntpd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;signal_wake_up_state;complete_signal;__send_signal;send_signal;do_send_sig_info;group_send_sig_info;kill_pid_info;it_real_fn;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;swapper/1 1999944
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_poll;do_sys_poll;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;cksum 2041945
cksum;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;generic_file_read_iter;__lock_page_killable;__wait_on_bit_lock;bit_wait_io;__sched_text_start;schedule_timeout;schedule;-;wake_bit_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;__wake_up_bit;unlock_page;mpage_end_io;bio_endio;blk_update_request;blk_mq_end_request;__blk_mq_complete_request;swapper/0 3720413
vmstat;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_nanosleep;hrtimer_nanosleep;do_nanosleep;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/0 4000402
tail;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_nanosleep;hrtimer_nanosleep;do_nanosleep;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/0 4000447
readproctitle;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_read;vfs_read;__vfs_read;pipe_read;pipe_wait;schedule;-;autoremove_wake_function;__wake_up_common;__wake_up_sync_key;pipe_write;__vfs_write;vfs_write;sys_write;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;;run 4149862
offwaketime.py;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/1 5005058
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_poll;do_sys_poll;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/1 8168600
sshd;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_select;core_sys_select;do_select;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule;-;pollwake;__wake_up_common;__wake_up;n_tty_receive_buf_common;n_tty_receive_buf2;flush_to_ldisc;process_one_work;worker_thread;kthread;ret_from_fork;kworker/u16:1 8821767
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_poll;do_sys_poll;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;run 9186846
supervise;entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath;sys_poll;do_sys_poll;poll_schedule_timeout;schedule_hrtimeout_range;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock;schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.23;schedule;-;hrtimer_wakeup;__hrtimer_run_queues;hrtimer_interrupt;xen_timer_interrupt;handle_irq_event_percpu;handle_percpu_irq;generic_handle_irq;evtchn_2l_handle_events;__xen_evtchn_do_upcall;xen_evtchn_do_upcall;swapper/0 20415299

This output format is suitable for feeding into the open source FlameGraph
software, which visualizes these.


USAGE message:

# ./offwaketime -h
usage: offwaketime [-h] [-p PID | -t TID | -u | -k] [-U | -K] [-d] [-f]
                   [--stack-storage-size STACK_STORAGE_SIZE]
                   [-m MIN_BLOCK_TIME] [-M MAX_BLOCK_TIME] [--state STATE]
                   [duration]

Summarize blocked time by kernel stack trace + waker stack

positional arguments:
  duration              duration of trace, in seconds

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -p PID, --pid PID     trace these PIDS only. Can be a comma separated list of
  					    PID.
  -t TID, --tid TID     trace these TIDS only. Can be a comma separated list of
  						TIDS.
  -u, --user-threads-only
                        user threads only (no kernel threads)
  -k, --kernel-threads-only
                        kernel threads only (no user threads)
  -U, --user-stacks-only
                        show stacks from user space only (no kernel space
                        stacks)
  -K, --kernel-stacks-only
                        show stacks from kernel space only (no user space
                        stacks)
  -d, --delimited       insert delimiter between kernel/user stacks
  -f, --folded          output folded format
  --stack-storage-size STACK_STORAGE_SIZE
                        the number of unique stack traces that can be stored
                        and displayed (default 16384)
  -m MIN_BLOCK_TIME, --min-block-time MIN_BLOCK_TIME
                        the amount of time in microseconds over which we store
                        traces (default 1)
  -M MAX_BLOCK_TIME, --max-block-time MAX_BLOCK_TIME
                        the amount of time in microseconds under which we
                        store traces (default U64_MAX)
  --state STATE         filter on this thread state bitmask (eg, 2 ==
                        TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE) see include/linux/sched.h

examples:
    ./offwaketime             # trace off-CPU + waker stack time until Ctrl-C
    ./offwaketime 5           # trace for 5 seconds only
    ./offwaketime -f 5        # 5 seconds, and output in folded format
    ./offwaketime -m 1000     # trace only events that last more than 1000 usec
    ./offwaketime -M 10000    # trace only events that last less than 10000 usec
    ./offwaketime -p 185      # only trace threads for PID 185
    ./offwaketime -t 188      # only trace thread 188
    ./offwaketime -u          # only trace user threads (no kernel)
    ./offwaketime -k          # only trace kernel threads (no user)
    ./offwaketime -U          # only show user space stacks (no kernel)
    ./offwaketime -K          # only show kernel space stacks (no user)
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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