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#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H
#define Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define CODE_MAX_WATCHERS 8
/* PEP 659
* Specialization and quickening structs and helper functions
*/
// Inline caches. If you change the number of cache entries for an instruction,
// you must *also* update the number of cache entries in Lib/opcode.py and bump
// the magic number in Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py!
#define CACHE_ENTRIES(cache) (sizeof(cache)/sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT))
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
uint16_t index;
uint16_t module_keys_version;
uint16_t builtin_keys_version;
} _PyLoadGlobalCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyLoadGlobalCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyBinaryOpCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyBinaryOpCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyUnpackSequenceCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE \
CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyUnpackSequenceCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyCompareOpCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCompareOpCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyBinarySubscrCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyBinarySubscrCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PySuperAttrCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PySuperAttrCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
uint16_t version[2];
uint16_t index;
} _PyAttrCache;
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
uint16_t type_version[2];
uint16_t keys_version[2];
uint16_t descr[4];
} _PyLoadMethodCache;
// MUST be the max(_PyAttrCache, _PyLoadMethodCache)
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyLoadMethodCache)
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyAttrCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
uint16_t func_version[2];
} _PyCallCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCallCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyStoreSubscrCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyStoreSubscrCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PyForIterCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyForIterCache)
typedef struct {
uint16_t counter;
} _PySendCache;
#define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND CACHE_ENTRIES(_PySendCache)
// Borrowed references to common callables:
struct callable_cache {
PyObject *isinstance;
PyObject *len;
PyObject *list_append;
PyObject *object__getattribute__;
};
/* "Locals plus" for a code object is the set of locals + cell vars +
* free vars. This relates to variable names as well as offsets into
* the "fast locals" storage array of execution frames. The compiler
* builds the list of names, their offsets, and the corresponding
* kind of local.
*
* Those kinds represent the source of the initial value and the
* variable's scope (as related to closures). A "local" is an
* argument or other variable defined in the current scope. A "free"
* variable is one that is defined in an outer scope and comes from
* the function's closure. A "cell" variable is a local that escapes
* into an inner function as part of a closure, and thus must be
* wrapped in a cell. Any "local" can also be a "cell", but the
* "free" kind is mutually exclusive with both.
*/
// Note that these all fit within a byte, as do combinations.
// Later, we will use the smaller numbers to differentiate the different
// kinds of locals (e.g. pos-only arg, varkwargs, local-only).
#define CO_FAST_HIDDEN 0x10
#define CO_FAST_LOCAL 0x20
#define CO_FAST_CELL 0x40
#define CO_FAST_FREE 0x80
typedef unsigned char _PyLocals_Kind;
static inline _PyLocals_Kind
_PyLocals_GetKind(PyObject *kinds, int i)
{
assert(PyBytes_Check(kinds));
assert(0 <= i && i < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(kinds));
char *ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(kinds);
return (_PyLocals_Kind)(ptr[i]);
}
static inline void
_PyLocals_SetKind(PyObject *kinds, int i, _PyLocals_Kind kind)
{
assert(PyBytes_Check(kinds));
assert(0 <= i && i < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(kinds));
char *ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(kinds);
ptr[i] = (char) kind;
}
struct _PyCodeConstructor {
/* metadata */
PyObject *filename;
PyObject *name;
PyObject *qualname;
int flags;
/* the code */
PyObject *code;
int firstlineno;
PyObject *linetable;
/* used by the code */
PyObject *consts;
PyObject *names;
/* mapping frame offsets to information */
PyObject *localsplusnames; // Tuple of strings
PyObject *localspluskinds; // Bytes object, one byte per variable
/* args (within varnames) */
int argcount;
int posonlyargcount;
// XXX Replace argcount with posorkwargcount (argcount - posonlyargcount).
int kwonlyargcount;
/* needed to create the frame */
int stacksize;
/* used by the eval loop */
PyObject *exceptiontable;
};
// Using an "arguments struct" like this is helpful for maintainability
// in a case such as this with many parameters. It does bear a risk:
// if the struct changes and callers are not updated properly then the
// compiler will not catch problems (like a missing argument). This can
// cause hard-to-debug problems. The risk is mitigated by the use of
// check_code() in codeobject.c. However, we may decide to switch
// back to a regular function signature. Regardless, this approach
// wouldn't be appropriate if this weren't a strictly internal API.
// (See the comments in https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/26258.)
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_Validate(struct _PyCodeConstructor *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject *) _PyCode_New(struct _PyCodeConstructor *);
/* Private API */
/* Getters for internal PyCodeObject data. */
extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetVarnames(PyCodeObject *);
extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetCellvars(PyCodeObject *);
extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetFreevars(PyCodeObject *);
extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetCode(PyCodeObject *);
/** API for initializing the line number tables. */
extern int _PyCode_InitAddressRange(PyCodeObject* co, PyCodeAddressRange *bounds);
/** Out of process API for initializing the location table. */
extern void _PyLineTable_InitAddressRange(
const char *linetable,
Py_ssize_t length,
int firstlineno,
PyCodeAddressRange *range);
/** API for traversing the line number table. */
extern int _PyLineTable_NextAddressRange(PyCodeAddressRange *range);
extern int _PyLineTable_PreviousAddressRange(PyCodeAddressRange *range);
/* Specialization functions */
extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(PyObject *global_super, PyObject *cls,
_Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int load_method);
extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
PyObject *name);
extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
PyObject *name);
extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(PyObject *globals, PyObject *builtins,
_Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name);
extern void _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(PyObject *sub, PyObject *container,
_Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub,
_Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
extern void _Py_Specialize_Call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
int nargs, PyObject *kwnames);
extern void _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
int oparg, PyObject **locals);
extern void _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs,
_Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg);
extern void _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(PyObject *seq, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
int oparg);
extern void _Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg);
extern void _Py_Specialize_Send(PyObject *receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr);
/* Finalizer function for static codeobjects used in deepfreeze.py */
extern void _PyStaticCode_Fini(PyCodeObject *co);
/* Function to intern strings of codeobjects and quicken the bytecode */
extern int _PyStaticCode_Init(PyCodeObject *co);
#ifdef Py_STATS
#define STAT_INC(opname, name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name++; } while (0)
#define STAT_DEC(opname, name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name--; } while (0)
#define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].execution_count++; } while (0)
#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->call_stats.name++; } while (0)
#define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0)
#define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) \
do { if (_py_stats && cond) _py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0)
#define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->call_stats.eval_calls[name]++; } while (0)
#define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(name, callable) \
do { if (_py_stats && PyFunction_Check(callable)) _py_stats->call_stats.eval_calls[name]++; } while (0)
// Used by the _opcode extension which is built as a shared library
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void);
#else
#define STAT_INC(opname, name) ((void)0)
#define STAT_DEC(opname, name) ((void)0)
#define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) ((void)0)
#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
#define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
#define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) ((void)0)
#define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
#define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(name, callable) ((void)0)
#endif // !Py_STATS
// Utility functions for reading/writing 32/64-bit values in the inline caches.
// Great care should be taken to ensure that these functions remain correct and
// performant! They should compile to just "move" instructions on all supported
// compilers and platforms.
// We use memcpy to let the C compiler handle unaligned accesses and endianness
// issues for us. It also seems to produce better code than manual copying for
// most compilers (see https://blog.regehr.org/archives/959 for more info).
static inline void
write_u32(uint16_t *p, uint32_t val)
{
memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val));
}
static inline void
write_u64(uint16_t *p, uint64_t val)
{
memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val));
}
static inline void
write_obj(uint16_t *p, PyObject *val)
{
memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val));
}
static inline uint16_t
read_u16(uint16_t *p)
{
return *p;
}
static inline uint32_t
read_u32(uint16_t *p)
{
uint32_t val;
memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
return val;
}
static inline uint64_t
read_u64(uint16_t *p)
{
uint64_t val;
memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
return val;
}
static inline PyObject *
read_obj(uint16_t *p)
{
PyObject *val;
memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
return val;
}
/* See Objects/exception_handling_notes.txt for details.
*/
static inline unsigned char *
parse_varint(unsigned char *p, int *result) {
int val = p[0] & 63;
while (p[0] & 64) {
p++;
val = (val << 6) | (p[0] & 63);
}
*result = val;
return p+1;
}
static inline int
write_varint(uint8_t *ptr, unsigned int val)
{
int written = 1;
while (val >= 64) {
*ptr++ = 64 | (val & 63);
val >>= 6;
written++;
}
*ptr = (uint8_t)val;
return written;
}
static inline int
write_signed_varint(uint8_t *ptr, int val)
{
unsigned int uval;
if (val < 0) {
// (unsigned int)(-val) has an undefined behavior for INT_MIN
uval = ((0 - (unsigned int)val) << 1) | 1;
}
else {
uval = (unsigned int)val << 1;
}
return write_varint(ptr, uval);
}
static inline int
write_location_entry_start(uint8_t *ptr, int code, int length)
{
assert((code & 15) == code);
*ptr = 128 | (uint8_t)(code << 3) | (uint8_t)(length - 1);
return 1;
}
/** Counters
* The first 16-bit value in each inline cache is a counter.
* When counting misses, the counter is treated as a simple unsigned value.
*
* When counting executions until the next specialization attempt,
* exponential backoff is used to reduce the number of specialization failures.
* The high 12 bits store the counter, the low 4 bits store the backoff exponent.
* On a specialization failure, the backoff exponent is incremented and the
* counter set to (2**backoff - 1).
* Backoff == 6 -> starting counter == 63, backoff == 10 -> starting counter == 1023.
*/
/* With a 16-bit counter, we have 12 bits for the counter value, and 4 bits for the backoff */
#define ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS 4
// A value of 1 means that we attempt to specialize the *second* time each
// instruction is executed. Executing twice is a much better indicator of
// "hotness" than executing once, but additional warmup delays only prevent
// specialization. Most types stabilize by the second execution, too:
#define ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_VALUE 1
#define ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_BACKOFF 1
// A value of 52 means that we attempt to re-specialize after 53 misses (a prime
// number, useful for avoiding artifacts if every nth value is a different type
// or something). Setting the backoff to 0 means that the counter is reset to
// the same state as a warming-up instruction (value == 1, backoff == 1) after
// deoptimization. This isn't strictly necessary, but it is bit easier to reason
// about when thinking about the opcode transitions as a state machine:
#define ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE 52
#define ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_BACKOFF 0
#define MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE (16 - ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS)
static inline uint16_t
adaptive_counter_bits(uint16_t value, uint16_t backoff) {
return ((value << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS)
| (backoff & ((1 << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) - 1)));
}
static inline uint16_t
adaptive_counter_warmup(void) {
return adaptive_counter_bits(ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_VALUE,
ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_BACKOFF);
}
static inline uint16_t
adaptive_counter_cooldown(void) {
return adaptive_counter_bits(ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE,
ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_BACKOFF);
}
static inline uint16_t
adaptive_counter_backoff(uint16_t counter) {
uint16_t backoff = counter & ((1 << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) - 1);
backoff++;
if (backoff > MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE) {
backoff = MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE;
}
uint16_t value = (uint16_t)(1 << backoff) - 1;
return adaptive_counter_bits(value, backoff);
}
/* Line array cache for tracing */
typedef struct _PyShimCodeDef {
const uint8_t *code;
int codelen;
int stacksize;
const char *cname;
} _PyShimCodeDef;
extern PyCodeObject *
_Py_MakeShimCode(const _PyShimCodeDef *code);
extern uint32_t _Py_next_func_version;
/* Comparison bit masks. */
/* Note this evaluates its arguments twice each */
#define COMPARISON_BIT(x, y) (1 << (2 * ((x) >= (y)) + ((x) <= (y))))
/*
* The following bits are chosen so that the value of
* COMPARSION_BIT(left, right)
* masked by the values below will be non-zero if the
* comparison is true, and zero if it is false */
/* This is for values that are unordered, ie. NaN, not types that are unordered, e.g. sets */
#define COMPARISON_UNORDERED 1
#define COMPARISON_LESS_THAN 2
#define COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN 4
#define COMPARISON_EQUALS 8
#define COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS (COMPARISON_UNORDERED | COMPARISON_LESS_THAN | COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN)
extern int _Py_Instrument(PyCodeObject *co, PyInterpreterState *interp);
extern int _Py_GetBaseOpcode(PyCodeObject *code, int offset);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H */