Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/include/linux/kvm.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
#ifndef __LINUX_KVM_H
#define __LINUX_KVM_H

/*
 * Userspace interface for /dev/kvm - kernel based virtual machine
 *
 * Note: you must update KVM_API_VERSION if you change this interface.
 */

#include <linux/const.h>
#include <linux/types.h>

#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <asm/kvm.h>

#define KVM_API_VERSION 12

/* for KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION */
struct kvm_userspace_memory_region {
	__u32 slot;
	__u32 flags;
	__u64 guest_phys_addr;
	__u64 memory_size; /* bytes */
	__u64 userspace_addr; /* start of the userspace allocated memory */
};

/* for KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 */
struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2 {
	__u32 slot;
	__u32 flags;
	__u64 guest_phys_addr;
	__u64 memory_size;
	__u64 userspace_addr;
	__u64 guest_memfd_offset;
	__u32 guest_memfd;
	__u32 pad1;
	__u64 pad2[14];
};

/*
 * The bit 0 ~ bit 15 of kvm_userspace_memory_region::flags are visible for
 * userspace, other bits are reserved for kvm internal use which are defined
 * in include/linux/kvm_host.h.
 */
#define KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES	(1UL << 0)
#define KVM_MEM_READONLY	(1UL << 1)
#define KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD	(1UL << 2)

/* for KVM_IRQ_LINE */
struct kvm_irq_level {
	/*
	 * ACPI gsi notion of irq.
	 * For IA-64 (APIC model) IOAPIC0: irq 0-23; IOAPIC1: irq 24-47..
	 * For X86 (standard AT mode) PIC0/1: irq 0-15. IOAPIC0: 0-23..
	 * For ARM: See Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
	 */
	union {
		__u32 irq;
		__s32 status;
	};
	__u32 level;
};


struct kvm_irqchip {
	__u32 chip_id;
	__u32 pad;
        union {
		char dummy[512];  /* reserving space */
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_PIT
		struct kvm_pic_state pic;
#endif
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_IOAPIC
		struct kvm_ioapic_state ioapic;
#endif
	} chip;
};

/* for KVM_CREATE_PIT2 */
struct kvm_pit_config {
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 pad[15];
};

#define KVM_PIT_SPEAKER_DUMMY     1

struct kvm_s390_skeys {
	__u64 start_gfn;
	__u64 count;
	__u64 skeydata_addr;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 reserved[9];
};

#define KVM_S390_CMMA_PEEK (1 << 0)

/**
 * kvm_s390_cmma_log - Used for CMMA migration.
 *
 * Used both for input and output.
 *
 * @start_gfn: Guest page number to start from.
 * @count: Size of the result buffer.
 * @flags: Control operation mode via KVM_S390_CMMA_* flags
 * @remaining: Used with KVM_S390_GET_CMMA_BITS. Indicates how many dirty
 *             pages are still remaining.
 * @mask: Used with KVM_S390_SET_CMMA_BITS. Bitmap of bits to actually set
 *        in the PGSTE.
 * @values: Pointer to the values buffer.
 *
 * Used in KVM_S390_{G,S}ET_CMMA_BITS ioctls.
 */
struct kvm_s390_cmma_log {
	__u64 start_gfn;
	__u32 count;
	__u32 flags;
	union {
		__u64 remaining;
		__u64 mask;
	};
	__u64 values;
};

struct kvm_hyperv_exit {
#define KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_SYNIC          1
#define KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_HCALL          2
#define KVM_EXIT_HYPERV_SYNDBG         3
	__u32 type;
	__u32 pad1;
	union {
		struct {
			__u32 msr;
			__u32 pad2;
			__u64 control;
			__u64 evt_page;
			__u64 msg_page;
		} synic;
		struct {
			__u64 input;
			__u64 result;
			__u64 params[2];
		} hcall;
		struct {
			__u32 msr;
			__u32 pad2;
			__u64 control;
			__u64 status;
			__u64 send_page;
			__u64 recv_page;
			__u64 pending_page;
		} syndbg;
	} u;
};

struct kvm_xen_exit {
#define KVM_EXIT_XEN_HCALL          1
	__u32 type;
	union {
		struct {
			__u32 longmode;
			__u32 cpl;
			__u64 input;
			__u64 result;
			__u64 params[6];
		} hcall;
	} u;
};

#define KVM_S390_GET_SKEYS_NONE   1
#define KVM_S390_SKEYS_MAX        1048576

#define KVM_EXIT_UNKNOWN          0
#define KVM_EXIT_EXCEPTION        1
#define KVM_EXIT_IO               2
#define KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL        3
#define KVM_EXIT_DEBUG            4
#define KVM_EXIT_HLT              5
#define KVM_EXIT_MMIO             6
#define KVM_EXIT_IRQ_WINDOW_OPEN  7
#define KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN         8
#define KVM_EXIT_FAIL_ENTRY       9
#define KVM_EXIT_INTR             10
#define KVM_EXIT_SET_TPR          11
#define KVM_EXIT_TPR_ACCESS       12
#define KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC       13
#define KVM_EXIT_S390_RESET       14
#define KVM_EXIT_DCR              15 /* deprecated */
#define KVM_EXIT_NMI              16
#define KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR   17
#define KVM_EXIT_OSI              18
#define KVM_EXIT_PAPR_HCALL	  19
#define KVM_EXIT_S390_UCONTROL	  20
#define KVM_EXIT_WATCHDOG         21
#define KVM_EXIT_S390_TSCH        22
#define KVM_EXIT_EPR              23
#define KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT     24
#define KVM_EXIT_S390_STSI        25
#define KVM_EXIT_IOAPIC_EOI       26
#define KVM_EXIT_HYPERV           27
#define KVM_EXIT_ARM_NISV         28
#define KVM_EXIT_X86_RDMSR        29
#define KVM_EXIT_X86_WRMSR        30
#define KVM_EXIT_DIRTY_RING_FULL  31
#define KVM_EXIT_AP_RESET_HOLD    32
#define KVM_EXIT_X86_BUS_LOCK     33
#define KVM_EXIT_XEN              34
#define KVM_EXIT_RISCV_SBI        35
#define KVM_EXIT_RISCV_CSR        36
#define KVM_EXIT_NOTIFY           37
#define KVM_EXIT_LOONGARCH_IOCSR  38
#define KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT     39

/* For KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR */
/* Emulate instruction failed. */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION	1
/* Encounter unexpected simultaneous exceptions. */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_SIMUL_EX	2
/* Encounter unexpected vm-exit due to delivery event. */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_DELIVERY_EV	3
/* Encounter unexpected vm-exit reason */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_REASON	4

/* Flags that describe what fields in emulation_failure hold valid data. */
#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION_FLAG_INSTRUCTION_BYTES (1ULL << 0)

/* for KVM_RUN, returned by mmap(vcpu_fd, offset=0) */
struct kvm_run {
	/* in */
	__u8 request_interrupt_window;
	__u8 immediate_exit;
	__u8 padding1[6];

	/* out */
	__u32 exit_reason;
	__u8 ready_for_interrupt_injection;
	__u8 if_flag;
	__u16 flags;

	/* in (pre_kvm_run), out (post_kvm_run) */
	__u64 cr8;
	__u64 apic_base;

#ifdef __KVM_S390
	/* the processor status word for s390 */
	__u64 psw_mask; /* psw upper half */
	__u64 psw_addr; /* psw lower half */
#endif
	union {
		/* KVM_EXIT_UNKNOWN */
		struct {
			__u64 hardware_exit_reason;
		} hw;
		/* KVM_EXIT_FAIL_ENTRY */
		struct {
			__u64 hardware_entry_failure_reason;
			__u32 cpu;
		} fail_entry;
		/* KVM_EXIT_EXCEPTION */
		struct {
			__u32 exception;
			__u32 error_code;
		} ex;
		/* KVM_EXIT_IO */
		struct {
#define KVM_EXIT_IO_IN  0
#define KVM_EXIT_IO_OUT 1
			__u8 direction;
			__u8 size; /* bytes */
			__u16 port;
			__u32 count;
			__u64 data_offset; /* relative to kvm_run start */
		} io;
		/* KVM_EXIT_DEBUG */
		struct {
			struct kvm_debug_exit_arch arch;
		} debug;
		/* KVM_EXIT_MMIO */
		struct {
			__u64 phys_addr;
			__u8  data[8];
			__u32 len;
			__u8  is_write;
		} mmio;
		/* KVM_EXIT_LOONGARCH_IOCSR */
		struct {
			__u64 phys_addr;
			__u8  data[8];
			__u32 len;
			__u8  is_write;
		} iocsr_io;
		/* KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL */
		struct {
			__u64 nr;
			__u64 args[6];
			__u64 ret;

			union {
				__u32 longmode;
				__u64 flags;
			};
		} hypercall;
		/* KVM_EXIT_TPR_ACCESS */
		struct {
			__u64 rip;
			__u32 is_write;
			__u32 pad;
		} tpr_access;
		/* KVM_EXIT_S390_SIEIC */
		struct {
			__u8 icptcode;
			__u16 ipa;
			__u32 ipb;
		} s390_sieic;
		/* KVM_EXIT_S390_RESET */
#define KVM_S390_RESET_POR       1
#define KVM_S390_RESET_CLEAR     2
#define KVM_S390_RESET_SUBSYSTEM 4
#define KVM_S390_RESET_CPU_INIT  8
#define KVM_S390_RESET_IPL       16
		__u64 s390_reset_flags;
		/* KVM_EXIT_S390_UCONTROL */
		struct {
			__u64 trans_exc_code;
			__u32 pgm_code;
		} s390_ucontrol;
		/* KVM_EXIT_DCR (deprecated) */
		struct {
			__u32 dcrn;
			__u32 data;
			__u8  is_write;
		} dcr;
		/* KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR */
		struct {
			__u32 suberror;
			/* Available with KVM_CAP_INTERNAL_ERROR_DATA: */
			__u32 ndata;
			__u64 data[16];
		} internal;
		/*
		 * KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION
		 *
		 * "struct emulation_failure" is an overlay of "struct internal"
		 * that is used for the KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_EMULATION sub-type of
		 * KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR.  Note, unlike other internal error
		 * sub-types, this struct is ABI!  It also needs to be backwards
		 * compatible with "struct internal".  Take special care that
		 * "ndata" is correct, that new fields are enumerated in "flags",
		 * and that each flag enumerates fields that are 64-bit aligned
		 * and sized (so that ndata+internal.data[] is valid/accurate).
		 *
		 * Space beyond the defined fields may be used to store arbitrary
		 * debug information relating to the emulation failure. It is
		 * accounted for in "ndata" but the format is unspecified and is
		 * not represented in "flags". Any such information is *not* ABI!
		 */
		struct {
			__u32 suberror;
			__u32 ndata;
			__u64 flags;
			union {
				struct {
					__u8  insn_size;
					__u8  insn_bytes[15];
				};
			};
			/* Arbitrary debug data may follow. */
		} emulation_failure;
		/* KVM_EXIT_OSI */
		struct {
			__u64 gprs[32];
		} osi;
		/* KVM_EXIT_PAPR_HCALL */
		struct {
			__u64 nr;
			__u64 ret;
			__u64 args[9];
		} papr_hcall;
		/* KVM_EXIT_S390_TSCH */
		struct {
			__u16 subchannel_id;
			__u16 subchannel_nr;
			__u32 io_int_parm;
			__u32 io_int_word;
			__u32 ipb;
			__u8 dequeued;
		} s390_tsch;
		/* KVM_EXIT_EPR */
		struct {
			__u32 epr;
		} epr;
		/* KVM_EXIT_SYSTEM_EVENT */
		struct {
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SHUTDOWN       1
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_RESET          2
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_CRASH          3
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_WAKEUP         4
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SUSPEND        5
#define KVM_SYSTEM_EVENT_SEV_TERM       6
			__u32 type;
			__u32 ndata;
			union {
				__u64 flags;
				__u64 data[16];
			};
		} system_event;
		/* KVM_EXIT_S390_STSI */
		struct {
			__u64 addr;
			__u8 ar;
			__u8 reserved;
			__u8 fc;
			__u8 sel1;
			__u16 sel2;
		} s390_stsi;
		/* KVM_EXIT_IOAPIC_EOI */
		struct {
			__u8 vector;
		} eoi;
		/* KVM_EXIT_HYPERV */
		struct kvm_hyperv_exit hyperv;
		/* KVM_EXIT_ARM_NISV */
		struct {
			__u64 esr_iss;
			__u64 fault_ipa;
		} arm_nisv;
		/* KVM_EXIT_X86_RDMSR / KVM_EXIT_X86_WRMSR */
		struct {
			__u8 error; /* user -> kernel */
			__u8 pad[7];
#define KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_INVAL	(1 << 0)
#define KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_UNKNOWN	(1 << 1)
#define KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_FILTER	(1 << 2)
#define KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_VALID_MASK	(KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_INVAL   |	\
					 KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_UNKNOWN |	\
					 KVM_MSR_EXIT_REASON_FILTER)
			__u32 reason; /* kernel -> user */
			__u32 index; /* kernel -> user */
			__u64 data; /* kernel <-> user */
		} msr;
		/* KVM_EXIT_XEN */
		struct kvm_xen_exit xen;
		/* KVM_EXIT_RISCV_SBI */
		struct {
			unsigned long extension_id;
			unsigned long function_id;
			unsigned long args[6];
			unsigned long ret[2];
		} riscv_sbi;
		/* KVM_EXIT_RISCV_CSR */
		struct {
			unsigned long csr_num;
			unsigned long new_value;
			unsigned long write_mask;
			unsigned long ret_value;
		} riscv_csr;
		/* KVM_EXIT_NOTIFY */
		struct {
#define KVM_NOTIFY_CONTEXT_INVALID	(1 << 0)
			__u32 flags;
		} notify;
		/* KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT */
		struct {
#define KVM_MEMORY_EXIT_FLAG_PRIVATE	(1ULL << 3)
			__u64 flags;
			__u64 gpa;
			__u64 size;
		} memory_fault;
		/* Fix the size of the union. */
		char padding[256];
	};

	/* 2048 is the size of the char array used to bound/pad the size
	 * of the union that holds sync regs.
	 */
	#define SYNC_REGS_SIZE_BYTES 2048
	/*
	 * shared registers between kvm and userspace.
	 * kvm_valid_regs specifies the register classes set by the host
	 * kvm_dirty_regs specified the register classes dirtied by userspace
	 * struct kvm_sync_regs is architecture specific, as well as the
	 * bits for kvm_valid_regs and kvm_dirty_regs
	 */
	__u64 kvm_valid_regs;
	__u64 kvm_dirty_regs;
	union {
		struct kvm_sync_regs regs;
		char padding[SYNC_REGS_SIZE_BYTES];
	} s;
};

/* for KVM_REGISTER_COALESCED_MMIO / KVM_UNREGISTER_COALESCED_MMIO */

struct kvm_coalesced_mmio_zone {
	__u64 addr;
	__u32 size;
	union {
		__u32 pad;
		__u32 pio;
	};
};

struct kvm_coalesced_mmio {
	__u64 phys_addr;
	__u32 len;
	union {
		__u32 pad;
		__u32 pio;
	};
	__u8  data[8];
};

struct kvm_coalesced_mmio_ring {
	__u32 first, last;
	struct kvm_coalesced_mmio coalesced_mmio[];
};

#define KVM_COALESCED_MMIO_MAX \
	((PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct kvm_coalesced_mmio_ring)) / \
	 sizeof(struct kvm_coalesced_mmio))

/* for KVM_TRANSLATE */
struct kvm_translation {
	/* in */
	__u64 linear_address;

	/* out */
	__u64 physical_address;
	__u8  valid;
	__u8  writeable;
	__u8  usermode;
	__u8  pad[5];
};

/* for KVM_S390_MEM_OP */
struct kvm_s390_mem_op {
	/* in */
	__u64 gaddr;		/* the guest address */
	__u64 flags;		/* flags */
	__u32 size;		/* amount of bytes */
	__u32 op;		/* type of operation */
	__u64 buf;		/* buffer in userspace */
	union {
		struct {
			__u8 ar;	/* the access register number */
			__u8 key;	/* access key, ignored if flag unset */
			__u8 pad1[6];	/* ignored */
			__u64 old_addr;	/* ignored if cmpxchg flag unset */
		};
		__u32 sida_offset; /* offset into the sida */
		__u8 reserved[32]; /* ignored */
	};
};
/* types for kvm_s390_mem_op->op */
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_LOGICAL_READ	0
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_LOGICAL_WRITE	1
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_SIDA_READ	2
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_SIDA_WRITE	3
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_ABSOLUTE_READ	4
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_ABSOLUTE_WRITE	5
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_ABSOLUTE_CMPXCHG	6

/* flags for kvm_s390_mem_op->flags */
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_F_CHECK_ONLY		(1ULL << 0)
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_F_INJECT_EXCEPTION	(1ULL << 1)
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_F_SKEY_PROTECTION	(1ULL << 2)

/* flags specifying extension support via KVM_CAP_S390_MEM_OP_EXTENSION */
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_EXTENSION_CAP_BASE	(1 << 0)
#define KVM_S390_MEMOP_EXTENSION_CAP_CMPXCHG	(1 << 1)

/* for KVM_INTERRUPT */
struct kvm_interrupt {
	/* in */
	__u32 irq;
};

/* for KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG */
struct kvm_dirty_log {
	__u32 slot;
	__u32 padding1;
	union {
		void *dirty_bitmap; /* one bit per page */
		__u64 padding2;
	};
};

/* for KVM_CLEAR_DIRTY_LOG */
struct kvm_clear_dirty_log {
	__u32 slot;
	__u32 num_pages;
	__u64 first_page;
	union {
		void *dirty_bitmap; /* one bit per page */
		__u64 padding2;
	};
};

/* for KVM_SET_SIGNAL_MASK */
struct kvm_signal_mask {
	__u32 len;
	__u8  sigset[];
};

/* for KVM_TPR_ACCESS_REPORTING */
struct kvm_tpr_access_ctl {
	__u32 enabled;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 reserved[8];
};

/* for KVM_SET_VAPIC_ADDR */
struct kvm_vapic_addr {
	__u64 vapic_addr;
};

/* for KVM_SET_MP_STATE */

/* not all states are valid on all architectures */
#define KVM_MP_STATE_RUNNABLE          0
#define KVM_MP_STATE_UNINITIALIZED     1
#define KVM_MP_STATE_INIT_RECEIVED     2
#define KVM_MP_STATE_HALTED            3
#define KVM_MP_STATE_SIPI_RECEIVED     4
#define KVM_MP_STATE_STOPPED           5
#define KVM_MP_STATE_CHECK_STOP        6
#define KVM_MP_STATE_OPERATING         7
#define KVM_MP_STATE_LOAD              8
#define KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD     9
#define KVM_MP_STATE_SUSPENDED         10

struct kvm_mp_state {
	__u32 mp_state;
};

struct kvm_s390_psw {
	__u64 mask;
	__u64 addr;
};

/* valid values for type in kvm_s390_interrupt */
#define KVM_S390_SIGP_STOP		0xfffe0000u
#define KVM_S390_PROGRAM_INT		0xfffe0001u
#define KVM_S390_SIGP_SET_PREFIX	0xfffe0002u
#define KVM_S390_RESTART		0xfffe0003u
#define KVM_S390_INT_PFAULT_INIT	0xfffe0004u
#define KVM_S390_INT_PFAULT_DONE	0xfffe0005u
#define KVM_S390_MCHK			0xfffe1000u
#define KVM_S390_INT_CLOCK_COMP		0xffff1004u
#define KVM_S390_INT_CPU_TIMER		0xffff1005u
#define KVM_S390_INT_VIRTIO		0xffff2603u
#define KVM_S390_INT_SERVICE		0xffff2401u
#define KVM_S390_INT_EMERGENCY		0xffff1201u
#define KVM_S390_INT_EXTERNAL_CALL	0xffff1202u
/* Anything below 0xfffe0000u is taken by INT_IO */
#define KVM_S390_INT_IO(ai,cssid,ssid,schid)   \
	(((schid)) |			       \
	 ((ssid) << 16) |		       \
	 ((cssid) << 18) |		       \
	 ((ai) << 26))
#define KVM_S390_INT_IO_MIN		0x00000000u
#define KVM_S390_INT_IO_MAX		0xfffdffffu
#define KVM_S390_INT_IO_AI_MASK		0x04000000u


struct kvm_s390_interrupt {
	__u32 type;
	__u32 parm;
	__u64 parm64;
};

struct kvm_s390_io_info {
	__u16 subchannel_id;
	__u16 subchannel_nr;
	__u32 io_int_parm;
	__u32 io_int_word;
};

struct kvm_s390_ext_info {
	__u32 ext_params;
	__u32 pad;
	__u64 ext_params2;
};

struct kvm_s390_pgm_info {
	__u64 trans_exc_code;
	__u64 mon_code;
	__u64 per_address;
	__u32 data_exc_code;
	__u16 code;
	__u16 mon_class_nr;
	__u8 per_code;
	__u8 per_atmid;
	__u8 exc_access_id;
	__u8 per_access_id;
	__u8 op_access_id;
#define KVM_S390_PGM_FLAGS_ILC_VALID	0x01
#define KVM_S390_PGM_FLAGS_ILC_0	0x02
#define KVM_S390_PGM_FLAGS_ILC_1	0x04
#define KVM_S390_PGM_FLAGS_ILC_MASK	0x06
#define KVM_S390_PGM_FLAGS_NO_REWIND	0x08
	__u8 flags;
	__u8 pad[2];
};

struct kvm_s390_prefix_info {
	__u32 address;
};

struct kvm_s390_extcall_info {
	__u16 code;
};

struct kvm_s390_emerg_info {
	__u16 code;
};

#define KVM_S390_STOP_FLAG_STORE_STATUS	0x01
struct kvm_s390_stop_info {
	__u32 flags;
};

struct kvm_s390_mchk_info {
	__u64 cr14;
	__u64 mcic;
	__u64 failing_storage_address;
	__u32 ext_damage_code;
	__u32 pad;
	__u8 fixed_logout[16];
};

struct kvm_s390_irq {
	__u64 type;
	union {
		struct kvm_s390_io_info io;
		struct kvm_s390_ext_info ext;
		struct kvm_s390_pgm_info pgm;
		struct kvm_s390_emerg_info emerg;
		struct kvm_s390_extcall_info extcall;
		struct kvm_s390_prefix_info prefix;
		struct kvm_s390_stop_info stop;
		struct kvm_s390_mchk_info mchk;
		char reserved[64];
	} u;
};

struct kvm_s390_irq_state {
	__u64 buf;
	__u32 flags;        /* will stay unused for compatibility reasons */
	__u32 len;
	__u32 reserved[4];  /* will stay unused for compatibility reasons */
};

/* for KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG */

#define KVM_GUESTDBG_ENABLE		0x00000001
#define KVM_GUESTDBG_SINGLESTEP		0x00000002

struct kvm_guest_debug {
	__u32 control;
	__u32 pad;
	struct kvm_guest_debug_arch arch;
};

enum {
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_datamatch,
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_pio,
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_deassign,
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_virtio_ccw_notify,
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_fast_mmio,
	kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_max,
};

#define KVM_IOEVENTFD_FLAG_DATAMATCH (1 << kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_datamatch)
#define KVM_IOEVENTFD_FLAG_PIO       (1 << kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_pio)
#define KVM_IOEVENTFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN  (1 << kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_deassign)
#define KVM_IOEVENTFD_FLAG_VIRTIO_CCW_NOTIFY \
	(1 << kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_virtio_ccw_notify)

#define KVM_IOEVENTFD_VALID_FLAG_MASK  ((1 << kvm_ioeventfd_flag_nr_max) - 1)

struct kvm_ioeventfd {
	__u64 datamatch;
	__u64 addr;        /* legal pio/mmio address */
	__u32 len;         /* 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes; or 0 to ignore length */
	__s32 fd;
	__u32 flags;
	__u8  pad[36];
};

#define KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_MWAIT          (1 << 0)
#define KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_HLT            (1 << 1)
#define KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_PAUSE          (1 << 2)
#define KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_CSTATE         (1 << 3)
#define KVM_X86_DISABLE_VALID_EXITS          (KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_MWAIT | \
                                              KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_HLT | \
                                              KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_PAUSE | \
                                              KVM_X86_DISABLE_EXITS_CSTATE)

/* for KVM_ENABLE_CAP */
struct kvm_enable_cap {
	/* in */
	__u32 cap;
	__u32 flags;
	__u64 args[4];
	__u8  pad[64];
};

/* for KVM_PPC_GET_PVINFO */

#define KVM_PPC_PVINFO_FLAGS_EV_IDLE   (1<<0)

struct kvm_ppc_pvinfo {
	/* out */
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 hcall[4];
	__u8  pad[108];
};

/* for KVM_PPC_GET_SMMU_INFO */
#define KVM_PPC_PAGE_SIZES_MAX_SZ	8

struct kvm_ppc_one_page_size {
	__u32 page_shift;	/* Page shift (or 0) */
	__u32 pte_enc;		/* Encoding in the HPTE (>>12) */
};

struct kvm_ppc_one_seg_page_size {
	__u32 page_shift;	/* Base page shift of segment (or 0) */
	__u32 slb_enc;		/* SLB encoding for BookS */
	struct kvm_ppc_one_page_size enc[KVM_PPC_PAGE_SIZES_MAX_SZ];
};

#define KVM_PPC_PAGE_SIZES_REAL		0x00000001
#define KVM_PPC_1T_SEGMENTS		0x00000002
#define KVM_PPC_NO_HASH			0x00000004

struct kvm_ppc_smmu_info {
	__u64 flags;
	__u32 slb_size;
	__u16 data_keys;	/* # storage keys supported for data */
	__u16 instr_keys;	/* # storage keys supported for instructions */
	struct kvm_ppc_one_seg_page_size sps[KVM_PPC_PAGE_SIZES_MAX_SZ];
};

/* for KVM_PPC_RESIZE_HPT_{PREPARE,COMMIT} */
struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
	__u64 flags;
	__u32 shift;
	__u32 pad;
};

#define KVMIO 0xAE

/* machine type bits, to be used as argument to KVM_CREATE_VM */
#define KVM_VM_S390_UCONTROL	1

/* on ppc, 0 indicate default, 1 should force HV and 2 PR */
#define KVM_VM_PPC_HV 1
#define KVM_VM_PPC_PR 2

/* on MIPS, 0 indicates auto, 1 forces VZ ASE, 2 forces trap & emulate */
#define KVM_VM_MIPS_AUTO	0
#define KVM_VM_MIPS_VZ		1
#define KVM_VM_MIPS_TE		2

#define KVM_S390_SIE_PAGE_OFFSET 1

/*
 * On arm64, machine type can be used to request the physical
 * address size for the VM. Bits[7-0] are reserved for the guest
 * PA size shift (i.e, log2(PA_Size)). For backward compatibility,
 * value 0 implies the default IPA size, 40bits.
 */
#define KVM_VM_TYPE_ARM_IPA_SIZE_MASK	0xffULL
#define KVM_VM_TYPE_ARM_IPA_SIZE(x)		\
	((x) & KVM_VM_TYPE_ARM_IPA_SIZE_MASK)
/*
 * ioctls for /dev/kvm fds:
 */
#define KVM_GET_API_VERSION       _IO(KVMIO,   0x00)
#define KVM_CREATE_VM             _IO(KVMIO,   0x01) /* returns a VM fd */
#define KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST    _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x02, struct kvm_msr_list)

#define KVM_S390_ENABLE_SIE       _IO(KVMIO,   0x06)
/*
 * Check if a kvm extension is available.  Argument is extension number,
 * return is 1 (yes) or 0 (no, sorry).
 */
#define KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION       _IO(KVMIO,   0x03)
/*
 * Get size for mmap(vcpu_fd)
 */
#define KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE    _IO(KVMIO,   0x04) /* in bytes */
#define KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID   _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x05, struct kvm_cpuid2)
#define KVM_GET_EMULATED_CPUID	  _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x09, struct kvm_cpuid2)
#define KVM_GET_MSR_FEATURE_INDEX_LIST    _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x0a, struct kvm_msr_list)

/*
 * Extension capability list.
 */
#define KVM_CAP_IRQCHIP	  0
#define KVM_CAP_HLT	  1
#define KVM_CAP_MMU_SHADOW_CACHE_CONTROL 2
#define KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY 3
#define KVM_CAP_SET_TSS_ADDR 4
#define KVM_CAP_VAPIC 6
#define KVM_CAP_EXT_CPUID 7
#define KVM_CAP_CLOCKSOURCE 8
#define KVM_CAP_NR_VCPUS 9       /* returns recommended max vcpus per vm */
#define KVM_CAP_NR_MEMSLOTS 10   /* returns max memory slots per vm */
#define KVM_CAP_PIT 11
#define KVM_CAP_NOP_IO_DELAY 12
#define KVM_CAP_PV_MMU 13
#define KVM_CAP_MP_STATE 14
#define KVM_CAP_COALESCED_MMIO 15
#define KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU 16  /* Changes to host mmap are reflected in guest */
#define KVM_CAP_IOMMU 18
/* Bug in KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION fixed: */
#define KVM_CAP_DESTROY_MEMORY_REGION_WORKS 21
#define KVM_CAP_USER_NMI 22
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_GUEST_DEBUG
#define KVM_CAP_SET_GUEST_DEBUG 23
#endif
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_PIT
#define KVM_CAP_REINJECT_CONTROL 24
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING 25
#define KVM_CAP_IRQ_INJECT_STATUS 26
#define KVM_CAP_ASSIGN_DEV_IRQ 29
/* Another bug in KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION fixed: */
#define KVM_CAP_JOIN_MEMORY_REGIONS_WORKS 30
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_MCE
#define KVM_CAP_MCE 31
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_IRQFD 32
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_PIT
#define KVM_CAP_PIT2 33
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_SET_BOOT_CPU_ID 34
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_PIT_STATE2
#define KVM_CAP_PIT_STATE2 35
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_IOEVENTFD 36
#define KVM_CAP_SET_IDENTITY_MAP_ADDR 37
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_XEN_HVM
#define KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM 38
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_ADJUST_CLOCK 39
#define KVM_CAP_INTERNAL_ERROR_DATA 40
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_VCPU_EVENTS
#define KVM_CAP_VCPU_EVENTS 41
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_S390_PSW 42
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_SEGSTATE 43
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV 44
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_VAPIC 45
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_SPIN 46
#define KVM_CAP_PCI_SEGMENT 47
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_PAIRED_SINGLES 48
#define KVM_CAP_INTR_SHADOW 49
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_DEBUGREGS
#define KVM_CAP_DEBUGREGS 50
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_X86_ROBUST_SINGLESTEP 51
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_OSI 52
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_UNSET_IRQ 53
#define KVM_CAP_ENABLE_CAP 54
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_XSAVE
#define KVM_CAP_XSAVE 55
#endif
#ifdef __KVM_HAVE_XCRS
#define KVM_CAP_XCRS 56
#endif
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_PVINFO 57
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_IRQ_LEVEL 58
#define KVM_CAP_ASYNC_PF 59
#define KVM_CAP_TSC_CONTROL 60
#define KVM_CAP_GET_TSC_KHZ 61
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_BOOKE_SREGS 62
#define KVM_CAP_SPAPR_TCE 63
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_SMT 64
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_RMA	65
#define KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS 66       /* returns max vcpus per vm */
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_HIOR 67
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_PAPR 68
#define KVM_CAP_SW_TLB 69
#define KVM_CAP_ONE_REG 70
#define KVM_CAP_S390_GMAP 71
#define KVM_CAP_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER 72
#define KVM_CAP_S390_UCONTROL 73
#define KVM_CAP_SYNC_REGS 74
#define KVM_CAP_PCI_2_3 75
#define KVM_CAP_KVMCLOCK_CTRL 76
#define KVM_CAP_SIGNAL_MSI 77
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_SMMU_INFO 78
#define KVM_CAP_S390_COW 79
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_ALLOC_HTAB 80
#define KVM_CAP_READONLY_MEM 81
#define KVM_CAP_IRQFD_RESAMPLE 82
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_BOOKE_WATCHDOG 83
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_HTAB_FD 84
#define KVM_CAP_S390_CSS_SUPPORT 85
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_EPR 86
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_PSCI 87
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_SET_DEVICE_ADDR 88
#define KVM_CAP_DEVICE_CTRL 89
#define KVM_CAP_IRQ_MPIC 90
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_RTAS 91
#define KVM_CAP_IRQ_XICS 92
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_EL1_32BIT 93
#define KVM_CAP_SPAPR_MULTITCE 94
#define KVM_CAP_EXT_EMUL_CPUID 95
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_TIME 96
#define KVM_CAP_IOAPIC_POLARITY_IGNORED 97
#define KVM_CAP_ENABLE_CAP_VM 98
#define KVM_CAP_S390_IRQCHIP 99
#define KVM_CAP_IOEVENTFD_NO_LENGTH 100
#define KVM_CAP_VM_ATTRIBUTES 101
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_PSCI_0_2 102
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_FIXUP_HCALL 103
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_ENABLE_HCALL 104
#define KVM_CAP_CHECK_EXTENSION_VM 105
#define KVM_CAP_S390_USER_SIGP 106
#define KVM_CAP_S390_VECTOR_REGISTERS 107
#define KVM_CAP_S390_MEM_OP 108
#define KVM_CAP_S390_USER_STSI 109
#define KVM_CAP_S390_SKEYS 110
#define KVM_CAP_MIPS_FPU 111
#define KVM_CAP_MIPS_MSA 112
#define KVM_CAP_S390_INJECT_IRQ 113
#define KVM_CAP_S390_IRQ_STATE 114
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_HWRNG 115
#define KVM_CAP_DISABLE_QUIRKS 116
#define KVM_CAP_X86_SMM 117
#define KVM_CAP_MULTI_ADDRESS_SPACE 118
#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_BPS 119
#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_WPS 120
#define KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP 121
#define KVM_CAP_IOEVENTFD_ANY_LENGTH 122
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_SYNIC 123
#define KVM_CAP_S390_RI 124
#define KVM_CAP_SPAPR_TCE_64 125
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_PMU_V3 126
#define KVM_CAP_VCPU_ATTRIBUTES 127
#define KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPU_ID 128
#define KVM_CAP_X2APIC_API 129
#define KVM_CAP_S390_USER_INSTR0 130
#define KVM_CAP_MSI_DEVID 131
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_HTM 132
#define KVM_CAP_SPAPR_RESIZE_HPT 133
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_MMU_RADIX 134
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_MMU_HASH_V3 135
#define KVM_CAP_IMMEDIATE_EXIT 136
#define KVM_CAP_MIPS_VZ 137
#define KVM_CAP_MIPS_TE 138
#define KVM_CAP_MIPS_64BIT 139
#define KVM_CAP_S390_GS 140
#define KVM_CAP_S390_AIS 141
#define KVM_CAP_SPAPR_TCE_VFIO 142
#define KVM_CAP_X86_DISABLE_EXITS 143
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_USER_IRQ 144
#define KVM_CAP_S390_CMMA_MIGRATION 145
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_FWNMI 146
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_SMT_POSSIBLE 147
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_SYNIC2 148
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_VP_INDEX 149
#define KVM_CAP_S390_AIS_MIGRATION 150
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_CPU_CHAR 151
#define KVM_CAP_S390_BPB 152
#define KVM_CAP_GET_MSR_FEATURES 153
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_EVENTFD 154
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_TLBFLUSH 155
#define KVM_CAP_S390_HPAGE_1M 156
#define KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE 157
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_INJECT_SERROR_ESR 158
#define KVM_CAP_MSR_PLATFORM_INFO 159
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_NESTED_HV 160
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_SEND_IPI 161
#define KVM_CAP_COALESCED_PIO 162
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS 163
#define KVM_CAP_EXCEPTION_PAYLOAD 164
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_VM_IPA_SIZE 165
#define KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT 166 /* Obsolete */
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_CPUID 167
#define KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2 168
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_IRQ_XIVE 169
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_SVE 170
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_PTRAUTH_ADDRESS 171
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_PTRAUTH_GENERIC 172
#define KVM_CAP_PMU_EVENT_FILTER 173
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_IRQ_LINE_LAYOUT_2 174
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_DIRECT_TLBFLUSH 175
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_GUEST_DEBUG_SSTEP 176
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_NISV_TO_USER 177
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_INJECT_EXT_DABT 178
#define KVM_CAP_S390_VCPU_RESETS 179
#define KVM_CAP_S390_PROTECTED 180
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_SECURE_GUEST 181
#define KVM_CAP_HALT_POLL 182
#define KVM_CAP_ASYNC_PF_INT 183
#define KVM_CAP_LAST_CPU 184
#define KVM_CAP_SMALLER_MAXPHYADDR 185
#define KVM_CAP_S390_DIAG318 186
#define KVM_CAP_STEAL_TIME 187
#define KVM_CAP_X86_USER_SPACE_MSR 188
#define KVM_CAP_X86_MSR_FILTER 189
#define KVM_CAP_ENFORCE_PV_FEATURE_CPUID 190
#define KVM_CAP_SYS_HYPERV_CPUID 191
#define KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING 192
#define KVM_CAP_X86_BUS_LOCK_EXIT 193
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_DAWR1 194
#define KVM_CAP_SET_GUEST_DEBUG2 195
#define KVM_CAP_SGX_ATTRIBUTE 196
#define KVM_CAP_VM_COPY_ENC_CONTEXT_FROM 197
#define KVM_CAP_PTP_KVM 198
#define KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENFORCE_CPUID 199
#define KVM_CAP_SREGS2 200
#define KVM_CAP_EXIT_HYPERCALL 201
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_RPT_INVALIDATE 202
#define KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD 203
#define KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE 204
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_MTE 205
#define KVM_CAP_VM_MOVE_ENC_CONTEXT_FROM 206
#define KVM_CAP_VM_GPA_BITS 207
#define KVM_CAP_XSAVE2 208
#define KVM_CAP_SYS_ATTRIBUTES 209
#define KVM_CAP_PPC_AIL_MODE_3 210
#define KVM_CAP_S390_MEM_OP_EXTENSION 211
#define KVM_CAP_PMU_CAPABILITY 212
#define KVM_CAP_DISABLE_QUIRKS2 213
#define KVM_CAP_VM_TSC_CONTROL 214
#define KVM_CAP_SYSTEM_EVENT_DATA 215
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_SYSTEM_SUSPEND 216
#define KVM_CAP_S390_PROTECTED_DUMP 217
#define KVM_CAP_X86_TRIPLE_FAULT_EVENT 218
#define KVM_CAP_X86_NOTIFY_VMEXIT 219
#define KVM_CAP_VM_DISABLE_NX_HUGE_PAGES 220
#define KVM_CAP_S390_ZPCI_OP 221
#define KVM_CAP_S390_CPU_TOPOLOGY 222
#define KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_ACQ_REL 223
#define KVM_CAP_S390_PROTECTED_ASYNC_DISABLE 224
#define KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_WITH_BITMAP 225
#define KVM_CAP_PMU_EVENT_MASKED_EVENTS 226
#define KVM_CAP_COUNTER_OFFSET 227
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_EAGER_SPLIT_CHUNK_SIZE 228
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_SUPPORTED_BLOCK_SIZES 229
#define KVM_CAP_ARM_SUPPORTED_REG_MASK_RANGES 230
#define KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY2 231
#define KVM_CAP_MEMORY_FAULT_INFO 232
#define KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES 233
#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_MEMFD 234
#define KVM_CAP_VM_TYPES 235

#ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING

struct kvm_irq_routing_irqchip {
	__u32 irqchip;
	__u32 pin;
};

struct kvm_irq_routing_msi {
	__u32 address_lo;
	__u32 address_hi;
	__u32 data;
	union {
		__u32 pad;
		__u32 devid;
	};
};

struct kvm_irq_routing_s390_adapter {
	__u64 ind_addr;
	__u64 summary_addr;
	__u64 ind_offset;
	__u32 summary_offset;
	__u32 adapter_id;
};

struct kvm_irq_routing_hv_sint {
	__u32 vcpu;
	__u32 sint;
};

struct kvm_irq_routing_xen_evtchn {
	__u32 port;
	__u32 vcpu;
	__u32 priority;
};

#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_XEN_EVTCHN_PRIO_2LEVEL ((__u32)(-1))

/* gsi routing entry types */
#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_IRQCHIP 1
#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_MSI 2
#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_S390_ADAPTER 3
#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_HV_SINT 4
#define KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_XEN_EVTCHN 5

struct kvm_irq_routing_entry {
	__u32 gsi;
	__u32 type;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 pad;
	union {
		struct kvm_irq_routing_irqchip irqchip;
		struct kvm_irq_routing_msi msi;
		struct kvm_irq_routing_s390_adapter adapter;
		struct kvm_irq_routing_hv_sint hv_sint;
		struct kvm_irq_routing_xen_evtchn xen_evtchn;
		__u32 pad[8];
	} u;
};

struct kvm_irq_routing {
	__u32 nr;
	__u32 flags;
	struct kvm_irq_routing_entry entries[];
};

#endif

#ifdef KVM_CAP_MCE
/* x86 MCE */
struct kvm_x86_mce {
	__u64 status;
	__u64 addr;
	__u64 misc;
	__u64 mcg_status;
	__u8 bank;
	__u8 pad1[7];
	__u64 pad2[3];
};
#endif

#ifdef KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_HYPERCALL_MSR	(1 << 0)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_INTERCEPT_HCALL	(1 << 1)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_SHARED_INFO		(1 << 2)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_RUNSTATE		(1 << 3)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_EVTCHN_2LEVEL	(1 << 4)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_EVTCHN_SEND		(1 << 5)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_RUNSTATE_UPDATE_FLAG	(1 << 6)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_PVCLOCK_TSC_UNSTABLE	(1 << 7)

struct kvm_xen_hvm_config {
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 msr;
	__u64 blob_addr_32;
	__u64 blob_addr_64;
	__u8 blob_size_32;
	__u8 blob_size_64;
	__u8 pad2[30];
};
#endif

#define KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN (1 << 0)
/*
 * Available with KVM_CAP_IRQFD_RESAMPLE
 *
 * KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_RESAMPLE indicates resamplefd is valid and specifies
 * the irqfd to operate in resampling mode for level triggered interrupt
 * emulation.  See Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst.
 */
#define KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_RESAMPLE (1 << 1)

struct kvm_irqfd {
	__u32 fd;
	__u32 gsi;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 resamplefd;
	__u8  pad[16];
};

/* For KVM_CAP_ADJUST_CLOCK */

/* Do not use 1, KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION returned it before we had flags.  */
#define KVM_CLOCK_TSC_STABLE		2
#define KVM_CLOCK_REALTIME		(1 << 2)
#define KVM_CLOCK_HOST_TSC		(1 << 3)

struct kvm_clock_data {
	__u64 clock;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 pad0;
	__u64 realtime;
	__u64 host_tsc;
	__u32 pad[4];
};

/* For KVM_CAP_SW_TLB */

#define KVM_MMU_FSL_BOOKE_NOHV		0
#define KVM_MMU_FSL_BOOKE_HV		1

struct kvm_config_tlb {
	__u64 params;
	__u64 array;
	__u32 mmu_type;
	__u32 array_len;
};

struct kvm_dirty_tlb {
	__u64 bitmap;
	__u32 num_dirty;
};

/* Available with KVM_CAP_ONE_REG */

#define KVM_REG_ARCH_MASK	0xff00000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_GENERIC		0x0000000000000000ULL

/*
 * Architecture specific registers are to be defined in arch headers and
 * ORed with the arch identifier.
 */
#define KVM_REG_PPC		0x1000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_X86		0x2000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_IA64		0x3000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_ARM		0x4000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_S390		0x5000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_ARM64		0x6000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_MIPS		0x7000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_RISCV		0x8000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_LOONGARCH	0x9000000000000000ULL

#define KVM_REG_SIZE_SHIFT	52
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_MASK	0x00f0000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U8		0x0000000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U16	0x0010000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U32	0x0020000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U64	0x0030000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U128	0x0040000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U256	0x0050000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U512	0x0060000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U1024	0x0070000000000000ULL
#define KVM_REG_SIZE_U2048	0x0080000000000000ULL

struct kvm_reg_list {
	__u64 n; /* number of regs */
	__u64 reg[];
};

struct kvm_one_reg {
	__u64 id;
	__u64 addr;
};

#define KVM_MSI_VALID_DEVID	(1U << 0)
struct kvm_msi {
	__u32 address_lo;
	__u32 address_hi;
	__u32 data;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 devid;
	__u8  pad[12];
};

struct kvm_arm_device_addr {
	__u64 id;
	__u64 addr;
};

/*
 * Device control API, available with KVM_CAP_DEVICE_CTRL
 */
#define KVM_CREATE_DEVICE_TEST		1

struct kvm_create_device {
	__u32	type;	/* in: KVM_DEV_TYPE_xxx */
	__u32	fd;	/* out: device handle */
	__u32	flags;	/* in: KVM_CREATE_DEVICE_xxx */
};

struct kvm_device_attr {
	__u32	flags;		/* no flags currently defined */
	__u32	group;		/* device-defined */
	__u64	attr;		/* group-defined */
	__u64	addr;		/* userspace address of attr data */
};

#define  KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE			1

#define   KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE_ADD			1
#define   KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE_DEL			2

/* KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP aliases are for compile time uapi compatibility */
#define  KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP	KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE

#define   KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD	KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE_ADD
#define   KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL	KVM_DEV_VFIO_FILE_DEL
#define   KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_SET_SPAPR_TCE		3

enum kvm_device_type {
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_20	= 1,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_20	KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_20
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_42,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_42	KVM_DEV_TYPE_FSL_MPIC_42
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_XICS,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_XICS		KVM_DEV_TYPE_XICS
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO		KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V2,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V2	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V2
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_FLIC,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_FLIC		KVM_DEV_TYPE_FLIC
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_ITS,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_ITS	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_ITS
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_XIVE,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_XIVE		KVM_DEV_TYPE_XIVE
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_PV_TIME,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_PV_TIME	KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_PV_TIME
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_RISCV_AIA,
#define KVM_DEV_TYPE_RISCV_AIA		KVM_DEV_TYPE_RISCV_AIA
	KVM_DEV_TYPE_MAX,
};

struct kvm_vfio_spapr_tce {
	__s32	groupfd;
	__s32	tablefd;
};

/*
 * KVM_CREATE_VCPU receives as a parameter the vcpu slot, and returns
 * a vcpu fd.
 */
#define KVM_CREATE_VCPU           _IO(KVMIO,   0x41)
#define KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG         _IOW(KVMIO,  0x42, struct kvm_dirty_log)
#define KVM_SET_NR_MMU_PAGES      _IO(KVMIO,   0x44)
#define KVM_GET_NR_MMU_PAGES      _IO(KVMIO,   0x45)  /* deprecated */
#define KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION _IOW(KVMIO, 0x46, \
					struct kvm_userspace_memory_region)
#define KVM_SET_TSS_ADDR          _IO(KVMIO,   0x47)
#define KVM_SET_IDENTITY_MAP_ADDR _IOW(KVMIO,  0x48, __u64)
#define KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 _IOW(KVMIO, 0x49, \
					 struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2)

/* enable ucontrol for s390 */
struct kvm_s390_ucas_mapping {
	__u64 user_addr;
	__u64 vcpu_addr;
	__u64 length;
};
#define KVM_S390_UCAS_MAP        _IOW(KVMIO, 0x50, struct kvm_s390_ucas_mapping)
#define KVM_S390_UCAS_UNMAP      _IOW(KVMIO, 0x51, struct kvm_s390_ucas_mapping)
#define KVM_S390_VCPU_FAULT	 _IOW(KVMIO, 0x52, unsigned long)

/* Device model IOC */
#define KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP        _IO(KVMIO,   0x60)
#define KVM_IRQ_LINE              _IOW(KVMIO,  0x61, struct kvm_irq_level)
#define KVM_GET_IRQCHIP           _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x62, struct kvm_irqchip)
#define KVM_SET_IRQCHIP           _IOR(KVMIO,  0x63, struct kvm_irqchip)
#define KVM_CREATE_PIT            _IO(KVMIO,   0x64)
#define KVM_GET_PIT               _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x65, struct kvm_pit_state)
#define KVM_SET_PIT               _IOR(KVMIO,  0x66, struct kvm_pit_state)
#define KVM_IRQ_LINE_STATUS       _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x67, struct kvm_irq_level)
#define KVM_REGISTER_COALESCED_MMIO \
			_IOW(KVMIO,  0x67, struct kvm_coalesced_mmio_zone)
#define KVM_UNREGISTER_COALESCED_MMIO \
			_IOW(KVMIO,  0x68, struct kvm_coalesced_mmio_zone)
#define KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING       _IOW(KVMIO,  0x6a, struct kvm_irq_routing)
#define KVM_REINJECT_CONTROL      _IO(KVMIO,   0x71)
#define KVM_IRQFD                 _IOW(KVMIO,  0x76, struct kvm_irqfd)
#define KVM_CREATE_PIT2		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0x77, struct kvm_pit_config)
#define KVM_SET_BOOT_CPU_ID       _IO(KVMIO,   0x78)
#define KVM_IOEVENTFD             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x79, struct kvm_ioeventfd)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG        _IOW(KVMIO,  0x7a, struct kvm_xen_hvm_config)
#define KVM_SET_CLOCK             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x7b, struct kvm_clock_data)
#define KVM_GET_CLOCK             _IOR(KVMIO,  0x7c, struct kvm_clock_data)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PIT_STATE2 */
#define KVM_GET_PIT2              _IOR(KVMIO,  0x9f, struct kvm_pit_state2)
#define KVM_SET_PIT2              _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa0, struct kvm_pit_state2)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_PVINFO */
#define KVM_PPC_GET_PVINFO	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa1, struct kvm_ppc_pvinfo)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_TSC_CONTROL for a vCPU, or with
*  KVM_CAP_VM_TSC_CONTROL to set defaults for a VM */
#define KVM_SET_TSC_KHZ           _IO(KVMIO,  0xa2)
#define KVM_GET_TSC_KHZ           _IO(KVMIO,  0xa3)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_SIGNAL_MSI */
#define KVM_SIGNAL_MSI            _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa5, struct kvm_msi)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_SMMU_INFO */
#define KVM_PPC_GET_SMMU_INFO	  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xa6, struct kvm_ppc_smmu_info)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_ALLOC_HTAB */
#define KVM_PPC_ALLOCATE_HTAB	  _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xa7, __u32)
#define KVM_CREATE_SPAPR_TCE	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa8, struct kvm_create_spapr_tce)
#define KVM_CREATE_SPAPR_TCE_64	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa8, \
				       struct kvm_create_spapr_tce_64)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_RMA */
#define KVM_ALLOCATE_RMA	  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xa9, struct kvm_allocate_rma)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_HTAB_FD */
#define KVM_PPC_GET_HTAB_FD	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xaa, struct kvm_get_htab_fd)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_ARM_SET_DEVICE_ADDR */
#define KVM_ARM_SET_DEVICE_ADDR	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xab, struct kvm_arm_device_addr)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_RTAS */
#define KVM_PPC_RTAS_DEFINE_TOKEN _IOW(KVMIO,  0xac, struct kvm_rtas_token_args)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_SPAPR_RESIZE_HPT */
#define KVM_PPC_RESIZE_HPT_PREPARE _IOR(KVMIO, 0xad, struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt)
#define KVM_PPC_RESIZE_HPT_COMMIT  _IOR(KVMIO, 0xae, struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_RADIX_MMU or KVM_CAP_PPC_HASH_MMU_V3 */
#define KVM_PPC_CONFIGURE_V3_MMU  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xaf, struct kvm_ppc_mmuv3_cfg)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_RADIX_MMU */
#define KVM_PPC_GET_RMMU_INFO	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xb0, struct kvm_ppc_rmmu_info)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PPC_GET_CPU_CHAR */
#define KVM_PPC_GET_CPU_CHAR	  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xb1, struct kvm_ppc_cpu_char)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_PMU_EVENT_FILTER */
#define KVM_SET_PMU_EVENT_FILTER  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xb2, struct kvm_pmu_event_filter)
#define KVM_PPC_SVM_OFF		  _IO(KVMIO,  0xb3)
#define KVM_ARM_MTE_COPY_TAGS	  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xb4, struct kvm_arm_copy_mte_tags)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_COUNTER_OFFSET */
#define KVM_ARM_SET_COUNTER_OFFSET _IOW(KVMIO,  0xb5, struct kvm_arm_counter_offset)
#define KVM_ARM_GET_REG_WRITABLE_MASKS _IOR(KVMIO,  0xb6, struct reg_mask_range)

/* ioctl for vm fd */
#define KVM_CREATE_DEVICE	  _IOWR(KVMIO,  0xe0, struct kvm_create_device)

/* ioctls for fds returned by KVM_CREATE_DEVICE */
#define KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xe1, struct kvm_device_attr)
#define KVM_GET_DEVICE_ATTR	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xe2, struct kvm_device_attr)
#define KVM_HAS_DEVICE_ATTR	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xe3, struct kvm_device_attr)

/*
 * ioctls for vcpu fds
 */
#define KVM_RUN                   _IO(KVMIO,   0x80)
#define KVM_GET_REGS              _IOR(KVMIO,  0x81, struct kvm_regs)
#define KVM_SET_REGS              _IOW(KVMIO,  0x82, struct kvm_regs)
#define KVM_GET_SREGS             _IOR(KVMIO,  0x83, struct kvm_sregs)
#define KVM_SET_SREGS             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x84, struct kvm_sregs)
#define KVM_TRANSLATE             _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x85, struct kvm_translation)
#define KVM_INTERRUPT             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x86, struct kvm_interrupt)
#define KVM_GET_MSRS              _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x88, struct kvm_msrs)
#define KVM_SET_MSRS              _IOW(KVMIO,  0x89, struct kvm_msrs)
#define KVM_SET_CPUID             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x8a, struct kvm_cpuid)
#define KVM_SET_SIGNAL_MASK       _IOW(KVMIO,  0x8b, struct kvm_signal_mask)
#define KVM_GET_FPU               _IOR(KVMIO,  0x8c, struct kvm_fpu)
#define KVM_SET_FPU               _IOW(KVMIO,  0x8d, struct kvm_fpu)
#define KVM_GET_LAPIC             _IOR(KVMIO,  0x8e, struct kvm_lapic_state)
#define KVM_SET_LAPIC             _IOW(KVMIO,  0x8f, struct kvm_lapic_state)
#define KVM_SET_CPUID2            _IOW(KVMIO,  0x90, struct kvm_cpuid2)
#define KVM_GET_CPUID2            _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x91, struct kvm_cpuid2)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_VAPIC */
#define KVM_TPR_ACCESS_REPORTING  _IOWR(KVMIO, 0x92, struct kvm_tpr_access_ctl)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_VAPIC */
#define KVM_SET_VAPIC_ADDR        _IOW(KVMIO,  0x93, struct kvm_vapic_addr)
/* valid for virtual machine (for floating interrupt)_and_ vcpu */
#define KVM_S390_INTERRUPT        _IOW(KVMIO,  0x94, struct kvm_s390_interrupt)
/* store status for s390 */
#define KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS_NOADDR    (-1ul)
#define KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS_PREFIXED  (-2ul)
#define KVM_S390_STORE_STATUS	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0x95, unsigned long)
/* initial ipl psw for s390 */
#define KVM_S390_SET_INITIAL_PSW  _IOW(KVMIO,  0x96, struct kvm_s390_psw)
/* initial reset for s390 */
#define KVM_S390_INITIAL_RESET    _IO(KVMIO,   0x97)
#define KVM_GET_MP_STATE          _IOR(KVMIO,  0x98, struct kvm_mp_state)
#define KVM_SET_MP_STATE          _IOW(KVMIO,  0x99, struct kvm_mp_state)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_USER_NMI */
#define KVM_NMI                   _IO(KVMIO,   0x9a)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_SET_GUEST_DEBUG */
#define KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG       _IOW(KVMIO,  0x9b, struct kvm_guest_debug)
/* MCE for x86 */
#define KVM_X86_SETUP_MCE         _IOW(KVMIO,  0x9c, __u64)
#define KVM_X86_GET_MCE_CAP_SUPPORTED _IOR(KVMIO,  0x9d, __u64)
#define KVM_X86_SET_MCE           _IOW(KVMIO,  0x9e, struct kvm_x86_mce)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_VCPU_EVENTS */
#define KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS       _IOR(KVMIO,  0x9f, struct kvm_vcpu_events)
#define KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS       _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa0, struct kvm_vcpu_events)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_DEBUGREGS */
#define KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS         _IOR(KVMIO,  0xa1, struct kvm_debugregs)
#define KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS         _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa2, struct kvm_debugregs)
/*
 * vcpu version available with KVM_CAP_ENABLE_CAP
 * vm version available with KVM_CAP_ENABLE_CAP_VM
 */
#define KVM_ENABLE_CAP            _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa3, struct kvm_enable_cap)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_XSAVE */
#define KVM_GET_XSAVE		  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xa4, struct kvm_xsave)
#define KVM_SET_XSAVE		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa5, struct kvm_xsave)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_XCRS */
#define KVM_GET_XCRS		  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xa6, struct kvm_xcrs)
#define KVM_SET_XCRS		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xa7, struct kvm_xcrs)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_SW_TLB */
#define KVM_DIRTY_TLB		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xaa, struct kvm_dirty_tlb)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_ONE_REG */
#define KVM_GET_ONE_REG		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xab, struct kvm_one_reg)
#define KVM_SET_ONE_REG		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xac, struct kvm_one_reg)
/* VM is being stopped by host */
#define KVM_KVMCLOCK_CTRL	  _IO(KVMIO,   0xad)
#define KVM_ARM_VCPU_INIT	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xae, struct kvm_vcpu_init)
#define KVM_ARM_PREFERRED_TARGET  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xaf, struct kvm_vcpu_init)
#define KVM_GET_REG_LIST	  _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xb0, struct kvm_reg_list)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_MEM_OP */
#define KVM_S390_MEM_OP		  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xb1, struct kvm_s390_mem_op)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_SKEYS */
#define KVM_S390_GET_SKEYS      _IOW(KVMIO, 0xb2, struct kvm_s390_skeys)
#define KVM_S390_SET_SKEYS      _IOW(KVMIO, 0xb3, struct kvm_s390_skeys)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_INJECT_IRQ */
#define KVM_S390_IRQ              _IOW(KVMIO,  0xb4, struct kvm_s390_irq)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_IRQ_STATE */
#define KVM_S390_SET_IRQ_STATE	  _IOW(KVMIO, 0xb5, struct kvm_s390_irq_state)
#define KVM_S390_GET_IRQ_STATE	  _IOW(KVMIO, 0xb6, struct kvm_s390_irq_state)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_X86_SMM */
#define KVM_SMI                   _IO(KVMIO,   0xb7)
/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_CMMA_MIGRATION */
#define KVM_S390_GET_CMMA_BITS      _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xb8, struct kvm_s390_cmma_log)
#define KVM_S390_SET_CMMA_BITS      _IOW(KVMIO, 0xb9, struct kvm_s390_cmma_log)
/* Memory Encryption Commands */
#define KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_OP      _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xba, unsigned long)

struct kvm_enc_region {
	__u64 addr;
	__u64 size;
};

#define KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION    _IOR(KVMIO, 0xbb, struct kvm_enc_region)
#define KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_UNREG_REGION  _IOR(KVMIO, 0xbc, struct kvm_enc_region)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_HYPERV_EVENTFD */
#define KVM_HYPERV_EVENTFD        _IOW(KVMIO,  0xbd, struct kvm_hyperv_eventfd)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE */
#define KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE         _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xbe, struct kvm_nested_state)
#define KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE         _IOW(KVMIO,  0xbf, struct kvm_nested_state)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT_2 */
#define KVM_CLEAR_DIRTY_LOG          _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xc0, struct kvm_clear_dirty_log)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_HYPERV_CPUID (vcpu) / KVM_CAP_SYS_HYPERV_CPUID (system) */
#define KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_HV_CPUID _IOWR(KVMIO, 0xc1, struct kvm_cpuid2)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_ARM_SVE */
#define KVM_ARM_VCPU_FINALIZE	  _IOW(KVMIO,  0xc2, int)

/* Available with  KVM_CAP_S390_VCPU_RESETS */
#define KVM_S390_NORMAL_RESET	_IO(KVMIO,   0xc3)
#define KVM_S390_CLEAR_RESET	_IO(KVMIO,   0xc4)

struct kvm_s390_pv_sec_parm {
	__u64 origin;
	__u64 length;
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_unp {
	__u64 addr;
	__u64 size;
	__u64 tweak;
};

enum pv_cmd_dmp_id {
	KVM_PV_DUMP_INIT,
	KVM_PV_DUMP_CONFIG_STOR_STATE,
	KVM_PV_DUMP_COMPLETE,
	KVM_PV_DUMP_CPU,
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_dmp {
	__u64 subcmd;
	__u64 buff_addr;
	__u64 buff_len;
	__u64 gaddr;		/* For dump storage state */
	__u64 reserved[4];
};

enum pv_cmd_info_id {
	KVM_PV_INFO_VM,
	KVM_PV_INFO_DUMP,
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_info_dump {
	__u64 dump_cpu_buffer_len;
	__u64 dump_config_mem_buffer_per_1m;
	__u64 dump_config_finalize_len;
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_info_vm {
	__u64 inst_calls_list[4];
	__u64 max_cpus;
	__u64 max_guests;
	__u64 max_guest_addr;
	__u64 feature_indication;
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_info_header {
	__u32 id;
	__u32 len_max;
	__u32 len_written;
	__u32 reserved;
};

struct kvm_s390_pv_info {
	struct kvm_s390_pv_info_header header;
	union {
		struct kvm_s390_pv_info_dump dump;
		struct kvm_s390_pv_info_vm vm;
	};
};

enum pv_cmd_id {
	KVM_PV_ENABLE,
	KVM_PV_DISABLE,
	KVM_PV_SET_SEC_PARMS,
	KVM_PV_UNPACK,
	KVM_PV_VERIFY,
	KVM_PV_PREP_RESET,
	KVM_PV_UNSHARE_ALL,
	KVM_PV_INFO,
	KVM_PV_DUMP,
	KVM_PV_ASYNC_CLEANUP_PREPARE,
	KVM_PV_ASYNC_CLEANUP_PERFORM,
};

struct kvm_pv_cmd {
	__u32 cmd;	/* Command to be executed */
	__u16 rc;	/* Ultravisor return code */
	__u16 rrc;	/* Ultravisor return reason code */
	__u64 data;	/* Data or address */
	__u32 flags;    /* flags for future extensions. Must be 0 for now */
	__u32 reserved[3];
};

/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_PROTECTED */
#define KVM_S390_PV_COMMAND		_IOWR(KVMIO, 0xc5, struct kvm_pv_cmd)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_X86_MSR_FILTER */
#define KVM_X86_SET_MSR_FILTER	_IOW(KVMIO,  0xc6, struct kvm_msr_filter)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING */
#define KVM_RESET_DIRTY_RINGS		_IO(KVMIO, 0xc7)

/* Per-VM Xen attributes */
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_GET_ATTR	_IOWR(KVMIO, 0xc8, struct kvm_xen_hvm_attr)
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_SET_ATTR	_IOW(KVMIO,  0xc9, struct kvm_xen_hvm_attr)

struct kvm_xen_hvm_attr {
	__u16 type;
	__u16 pad[3];
	union {
		__u8 long_mode;
		__u8 vector;
		__u8 runstate_update_flag;
		struct {
			__u64 gfn;
#define KVM_XEN_INVALID_GFN ((__u64)-1)
		} shared_info;
		struct {
			__u32 send_port;
			__u32 type; /* EVTCHNSTAT_ipi / EVTCHNSTAT_interdomain */
			__u32 flags;
#define KVM_XEN_EVTCHN_DEASSIGN		(1 << 0)
#define KVM_XEN_EVTCHN_UPDATE		(1 << 1)
#define KVM_XEN_EVTCHN_RESET		(1 << 2)
			/*
			 * Events sent by the guest are either looped back to
			 * the guest itself (potentially on a different port#)
			 * or signalled via an eventfd.
			 */
			union {
				struct {
					__u32 port;
					__u32 vcpu;
					__u32 priority;
				} port;
				struct {
					__u32 port; /* Zero for eventfd */
					__s32 fd;
				} eventfd;
				__u32 padding[4];
			} deliver;
		} evtchn;
		__u32 xen_version;
		__u64 pad[8];
	} u;
};


/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_SHARED_INFO */
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_LONG_MODE		0x0
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_SHARED_INFO		0x1
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_UPCALL_VECTOR		0x2
/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_EVTCHN_SEND */
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_EVTCHN		0x3
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_XEN_VERSION		0x4
/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_RUNSTATE_UPDATE_FLAG */
#define KVM_XEN_ATTR_TYPE_RUNSTATE_UPDATE_FLAG	0x5

/* Per-vCPU Xen attributes */
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_GET_ATTR	_IOWR(KVMIO, 0xca, struct kvm_xen_vcpu_attr)
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_SET_ATTR	_IOW(KVMIO,  0xcb, struct kvm_xen_vcpu_attr)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_EVTCHN_SEND */
#define KVM_XEN_HVM_EVTCHN_SEND	_IOW(KVMIO,  0xd0, struct kvm_irq_routing_xen_evtchn)

#define KVM_GET_SREGS2             _IOR(KVMIO,  0xcc, struct kvm_sregs2)
#define KVM_SET_SREGS2             _IOW(KVMIO,  0xcd, struct kvm_sregs2)

struct kvm_xen_vcpu_attr {
	__u16 type;
	__u16 pad[3];
	union {
		__u64 gpa;
#define KVM_XEN_INVALID_GPA ((__u64)-1)
		__u64 pad[8];
		struct {
			__u64 state;
			__u64 state_entry_time;
			__u64 time_running;
			__u64 time_runnable;
			__u64 time_blocked;
			__u64 time_offline;
		} runstate;
		__u32 vcpu_id;
		struct {
			__u32 port;
			__u32 priority;
			__u64 expires_ns;
		} timer;
		__u8 vector;
	} u;
};

/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_SHARED_INFO */
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_VCPU_INFO	0x0
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_VCPU_TIME_INFO	0x1
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_RUNSTATE_ADDR	0x2
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_RUNSTATE_CURRENT	0x3
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_RUNSTATE_DATA	0x4
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_RUNSTATE_ADJUST	0x5
/* Available with KVM_CAP_XEN_HVM / KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_EVTCHN_SEND */
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_VCPU_ID		0x6
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_TIMER		0x7
#define KVM_XEN_VCPU_ATTR_TYPE_UPCALL_VECTOR	0x8

/* Secure Encrypted Virtualization command */
enum sev_cmd_id {
	/* Guest initialization commands */
	KVM_SEV_INIT = 0,
	KVM_SEV_ES_INIT,
	/* Guest launch commands */
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_START,
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_UPDATE_DATA,
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_UPDATE_VMSA,
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_SECRET,
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_MEASURE,
	KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_FINISH,
	/* Guest migration commands (outgoing) */
	KVM_SEV_SEND_START,
	KVM_SEV_SEND_UPDATE_DATA,
	KVM_SEV_SEND_UPDATE_VMSA,
	KVM_SEV_SEND_FINISH,
	/* Guest migration commands (incoming) */
	KVM_SEV_RECEIVE_START,
	KVM_SEV_RECEIVE_UPDATE_DATA,
	KVM_SEV_RECEIVE_UPDATE_VMSA,
	KVM_SEV_RECEIVE_FINISH,
	/* Guest status and debug commands */
	KVM_SEV_GUEST_STATUS,
	KVM_SEV_DBG_DECRYPT,
	KVM_SEV_DBG_ENCRYPT,
	/* Guest certificates commands */
	KVM_SEV_CERT_EXPORT,
	/* Attestation report */
	KVM_SEV_GET_ATTESTATION_REPORT,
	/* Guest Migration Extension */
	KVM_SEV_SEND_CANCEL,

	KVM_SEV_NR_MAX,
};

struct kvm_sev_cmd {
	__u32 id;
	__u64 data;
	__u32 error;
	__u32 sev_fd;
};

struct kvm_sev_launch_start {
	__u32 handle;
	__u32 policy;
	__u64 dh_uaddr;
	__u32 dh_len;
	__u64 session_uaddr;
	__u32 session_len;
};

struct kvm_sev_launch_update_data {
	__u64 uaddr;
	__u32 len;
};


struct kvm_sev_launch_secret {
	__u64 hdr_uaddr;
	__u32 hdr_len;
	__u64 guest_uaddr;
	__u32 guest_len;
	__u64 trans_uaddr;
	__u32 trans_len;
};

struct kvm_sev_launch_measure {
	__u64 uaddr;
	__u32 len;
};

struct kvm_sev_guest_status {
	__u32 handle;
	__u32 policy;
	__u32 state;
};

struct kvm_sev_dbg {
	__u64 src_uaddr;
	__u64 dst_uaddr;
	__u32 len;
};

struct kvm_sev_attestation_report {
	__u8 mnonce[16];
	__u64 uaddr;
	__u32 len;
};

struct kvm_sev_send_start {
	__u32 policy;
	__u64 pdh_cert_uaddr;
	__u32 pdh_cert_len;
	__u64 plat_certs_uaddr;
	__u32 plat_certs_len;
	__u64 amd_certs_uaddr;
	__u32 amd_certs_len;
	__u64 session_uaddr;
	__u32 session_len;
};

struct kvm_sev_send_update_data {
	__u64 hdr_uaddr;
	__u32 hdr_len;
	__u64 guest_uaddr;
	__u32 guest_len;
	__u64 trans_uaddr;
	__u32 trans_len;
};

struct kvm_sev_receive_start {
	__u32 handle;
	__u32 policy;
	__u64 pdh_uaddr;
	__u32 pdh_len;
	__u64 session_uaddr;
	__u32 session_len;
};

struct kvm_sev_receive_update_data {
	__u64 hdr_uaddr;
	__u32 hdr_len;
	__u64 guest_uaddr;
	__u32 guest_len;
	__u64 trans_uaddr;
	__u32 trans_len;
};

#define KVM_DEV_ASSIGN_ENABLE_IOMMU	(1 << 0)
#define KVM_DEV_ASSIGN_PCI_2_3		(1 << 1)
#define KVM_DEV_ASSIGN_MASK_INTX	(1 << 2)

struct kvm_assigned_pci_dev {
	__u32 assigned_dev_id;
	__u32 busnr;
	__u32 devfn;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 segnr;
	union {
		__u32 reserved[11];
	};
};

#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_HOST_INTX    (1 << 0)
#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_HOST_MSI     (1 << 1)
#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_HOST_MSIX    (1 << 2)

#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_GUEST_INTX   (1 << 8)
#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_GUEST_MSI    (1 << 9)
#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_GUEST_MSIX   (1 << 10)

#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_HOST_MASK	 0x00ff
#define KVM_DEV_IRQ_GUEST_MASK   0xff00

struct kvm_assigned_irq {
	__u32 assigned_dev_id;
	__u32 host_irq; /* ignored (legacy field) */
	__u32 guest_irq;
	__u32 flags;
	union {
		__u32 reserved[12];
	};
};

struct kvm_assigned_msix_nr {
	__u32 assigned_dev_id;
	__u16 entry_nr;
	__u16 padding;
};

#define KVM_MAX_MSIX_PER_DEV		256
struct kvm_assigned_msix_entry {
	__u32 assigned_dev_id;
	__u32 gsi;
	__u16 entry; /* The index of entry in the MSI-X table */
	__u16 padding[3];
};

#define KVM_X2APIC_API_USE_32BIT_IDS            (1ULL << 0)
#define KVM_X2APIC_API_DISABLE_BROADCAST_QUIRK  (1ULL << 1)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_ARM_USER_IRQ */

/* Bits for run->s.regs.device_irq_level */
#define KVM_ARM_DEV_EL1_VTIMER		(1 << 0)
#define KVM_ARM_DEV_EL1_PTIMER		(1 << 1)
#define KVM_ARM_DEV_PMU			(1 << 2)

struct kvm_hyperv_eventfd {
	__u32 conn_id;
	__s32 fd;
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 padding[3];
};

#define KVM_HYPERV_CONN_ID_MASK		0x00ffffff
#define KVM_HYPERV_EVENTFD_DEASSIGN	(1 << 0)

#define KVM_DIRTY_LOG_MANUAL_PROTECT_ENABLE    (1 << 0)
#define KVM_DIRTY_LOG_INITIALLY_SET            (1 << 1)

/*
 * Arch needs to define the macro after implementing the dirty ring
 * feature.  KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET should be defined as the
 * starting page offset of the dirty ring structures.
 */
#ifndef KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET
#define KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET 0
#endif

/*
 * KVM dirty GFN flags, defined as:
 *
 * |---------------+---------------+--------------|
 * | bit 1 (reset) | bit 0 (dirty) | Status       |
 * |---------------+---------------+--------------|
 * |             0 |             0 | Invalid GFN  |
 * |             0 |             1 | Dirty GFN    |
 * |             1 |             X | GFN to reset |
 * |---------------+---------------+--------------|
 *
 * Lifecycle of a dirty GFN goes like:
 *
 *      dirtied         harvested        reset
 * 00 -----------> 01 -------------> 1X -------+
 *  ^                                          |
 *  |                                          |
 *  +------------------------------------------+
 *
 * The userspace program is only responsible for the 01->1X state
 * conversion after harvesting an entry.  Also, it must not skip any
 * dirty bits, so that dirty bits are always harvested in sequence.
 */
#define KVM_DIRTY_GFN_F_DIRTY           _BITUL(0)
#define KVM_DIRTY_GFN_F_RESET           _BITUL(1)
#define KVM_DIRTY_GFN_F_MASK            0x3

/*
 * KVM dirty rings should be mapped at KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET of
 * per-vcpu mmaped regions as an array of struct kvm_dirty_gfn.  The
 * size of the gfn buffer is decided by the first argument when
 * enabling KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING.
 */
struct kvm_dirty_gfn {
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 slot;
	__u64 offset;
};

#define KVM_BUS_LOCK_DETECTION_OFF             (1 << 0)
#define KVM_BUS_LOCK_DETECTION_EXIT            (1 << 1)

#define KVM_PMU_CAP_DISABLE                    (1 << 0)

/**
 * struct kvm_stats_header - Header of per vm/vcpu binary statistics data.
 * @flags: Some extra information for header, always 0 for now.
 * @name_size: The size in bytes of the memory which contains statistics
 *             name string including trailing '\0'. The memory is allocated
 *             at the send of statistics descriptor.
 * @num_desc: The number of statistics the vm or vcpu has.
 * @id_offset: The offset of the vm/vcpu stats' id string in the file pointed
 *             by vm/vcpu stats fd.
 * @desc_offset: The offset of the vm/vcpu stats' descriptor block in the file
 *               pointd by vm/vcpu stats fd.
 * @data_offset: The offset of the vm/vcpu stats' data block in the file
 *               pointed by vm/vcpu stats fd.
 *
 * This is the header userspace needs to read from stats fd before any other
 * readings. It is used by userspace to discover all the information about the
 * vm/vcpu's binary statistics.
 * Userspace reads this header from the start of the vm/vcpu's stats fd.
 */
struct kvm_stats_header {
	__u32 flags;
	__u32 name_size;
	__u32 num_desc;
	__u32 id_offset;
	__u32 desc_offset;
	__u32 data_offset;
};

#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT		0
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_MASK		(0xF << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_CUMULATIVE	(0x0 << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_INSTANT		(0x1 << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_PEAK		(0x2 << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_LINEAR_HIST	(0x3 << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_LOG_HIST		(0x4 << KVM_STATS_TYPE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_TYPE_MAX		KVM_STATS_TYPE_LOG_HIST

#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT		4
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_MASK		(0xF << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_NONE		(0x0 << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_BYTES		(0x1 << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_SECONDS		(0x2 << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_CYCLES		(0x3 << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_BOOLEAN		(0x4 << KVM_STATS_UNIT_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_UNIT_MAX		KVM_STATS_UNIT_BOOLEAN

#define KVM_STATS_BASE_SHIFT		8
#define KVM_STATS_BASE_MASK		(0xF << KVM_STATS_BASE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_BASE_POW10		(0x0 << KVM_STATS_BASE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_BASE_POW2		(0x1 << KVM_STATS_BASE_SHIFT)
#define KVM_STATS_BASE_MAX		KVM_STATS_BASE_POW2

/**
 * struct kvm_stats_desc - Descriptor of a KVM statistics.
 * @flags: Annotations of the stats, like type, unit, etc.
 * @exponent: Used together with @flags to determine the unit.
 * @size: The number of data items for this stats.
 *        Every data item is of type __u64.
 * @offset: The offset of the stats to the start of stat structure in
 *          structure kvm or kvm_vcpu.
 * @bucket_size: A parameter value used for histogram stats. It is only used
 *		for linear histogram stats, specifying the size of the bucket;
 * @name: The name string for the stats. Its size is indicated by the
 *        &kvm_stats_header->name_size.
 */
struct kvm_stats_desc {
	__u32 flags;
	__s16 exponent;
	__u16 size;
	__u32 offset;
	__u32 bucket_size;
	char name[];
};

#define KVM_GET_STATS_FD  _IO(KVMIO,  0xce)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_XSAVE2 */
#define KVM_GET_XSAVE2		  _IOR(KVMIO,  0xcf, struct kvm_xsave)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_PROTECTED_DUMP */
#define KVM_S390_PV_CPU_COMMAND	_IOWR(KVMIO, 0xd0, struct kvm_pv_cmd)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_X86_NOTIFY_VMEXIT */
#define KVM_X86_NOTIFY_VMEXIT_ENABLED		(1ULL << 0)
#define KVM_X86_NOTIFY_VMEXIT_USER		(1ULL << 1)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_S390_ZPCI_OP */
#define KVM_S390_ZPCI_OP         _IOW(KVMIO,  0xd1, struct kvm_s390_zpci_op)

struct kvm_s390_zpci_op {
	/* in */
	__u32 fh;               /* target device */
	__u8  op;               /* operation to perform */
	__u8  pad[3];
	union {
		/* for KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_REG_AEN */
		struct {
			__u64 ibv;      /* Guest addr of interrupt bit vector */
			__u64 sb;       /* Guest addr of summary bit */
			__u32 flags;
			__u32 noi;      /* Number of interrupts */
			__u8 isc;       /* Guest interrupt subclass */
			__u8 sbo;       /* Offset of guest summary bit vector */
			__u16 pad;
		} reg_aen;
		__u64 reserved[8];
	} u;
};

/* types for kvm_s390_zpci_op->op */
#define KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_REG_AEN                0
#define KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_DEREG_AEN      1

/* flags for kvm_s390_zpci_op->u.reg_aen.flags */
#define KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_REGAEN_HOST    (1 << 0)

/* Available with KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES */
#define KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES              _IOW(KVMIO,  0xd2, struct kvm_memory_attributes)

struct kvm_memory_attributes {
	__u64 address;
	__u64 size;
	__u64 attributes;
	__u64 flags;
};

#define KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE           (1ULL << 3)

#define KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD	_IOWR(KVMIO,  0xd4, struct kvm_create_guest_memfd)

struct kvm_create_guest_memfd {
	__u64 size;
	__u64 flags;
	__u64 reserved[6];
};

#endif /* __LINUX_KVM_H */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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