Current File : //proc/self/root/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-59/include/xen/interface/io/displif.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
/******************************************************************************
 * displif.h
 *
 * Unified display device I/O interface for Xen guest OSes.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 EPAM Systems Inc.
 *
 * Authors: Oleksandr Andrushchenko <oleksandr_andrushchenko@epam.com>
 *          Oleksandr Grytsov <oleksandr_grytsov@epam.com>
 */

#ifndef __XEN_PUBLIC_IO_DISPLIF_H__
#define __XEN_PUBLIC_IO_DISPLIF_H__

#include "ring.h"
#include "../grant_table.h"

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                           Protocol version
 ******************************************************************************
 */
#define XENDISPL_PROTOCOL_VERSION	"2"
#define XENDISPL_PROTOCOL_VERSION_INT	 2

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                  Main features provided by the protocol
 ******************************************************************************
 * This protocol aims to provide a unified protocol which fits more
 * sophisticated use-cases than a framebuffer device can handle. At the
 * moment basic functionality is supported with the intention to be extended:
 *  o multiple dynamically allocated/destroyed framebuffers
 *  o buffers of arbitrary sizes
 *  o buffer allocation at either back or front end
 *  o better configuration options including multiple display support
 *
 * Note: existing fbif can be used together with displif running at the
 * same time, e.g. on Linux one provides framebuffer and another DRM/KMS
 *
 * Note: display resolution (XenStore's "resolution" property) defines
 * visible area of the virtual display. At the same time resolution of
 * the display and frame buffers may differ: buffers can be smaller, equal
 * or bigger than the visible area. This is to enable use-cases, where backend
 * may do some post-processing of the display and frame buffers supplied,
 * e.g. those buffers can be just a part of the final composition.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                        Direction of improvements
 ******************************************************************************
 * Future extensions to the existing protocol may include:
 *  o display/connector cloning
 *  o allocation of objects other than display buffers
 *  o plane/overlay support
 *  o scaling support
 *  o rotation support
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                  Feature and Parameter Negotiation
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * Front->back notifications: when enqueuing a new request, sending a
 * notification can be made conditional on xendispl_req (i.e., the generic
 * hold-off mechanism provided by the ring macros). Backends must set
 * xendispl_req appropriately (e.g., using RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_REQUESTS()).
 *
 * Back->front notifications: when enqueuing a new response, sending a
 * notification can be made conditional on xendispl_resp (i.e., the generic
 * hold-off mechanism provided by the ring macros). Frontends must set
 * xendispl_resp appropriately (e.g., using RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_RESPONSES()).
 *
 * The two halves of a para-virtual display driver utilize nodes within
 * XenStore to communicate capabilities and to negotiate operating parameters.
 * This section enumerates these nodes which reside in the respective front and
 * backend portions of XenStore, following the XenBus convention.
 *
 * All data in XenStore is stored as strings. Nodes specifying numeric
 * values are encoded in decimal. Integer value ranges listed below are
 * expressed as fixed sized integer types capable of storing the conversion
 * of a properly formated node string, without loss of information.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                        Example configuration
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * Note: depending on the use-case backend can expose more display connectors
 * than the underlying HW physically has by employing SW graphics compositors
 *
 * This is an example of backend and frontend configuration:
 *
 *--------------------------------- Backend -----------------------------------
 *
 * /local/domain/0/backend/vdispl/1/0/frontend-id = "1"
 * /local/domain/0/backend/vdispl/1/0/frontend = "/local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0"
 * /local/domain/0/backend/vdispl/1/0/state = "4"
 * /local/domain/0/backend/vdispl/1/0/versions = "1,2"
 *
 *--------------------------------- Frontend ----------------------------------
 *
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/backend-id = "0"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/backend = "/local/domain/0/backend/vdispl/1/0"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/state = "4"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/version = "1"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/be-alloc = "1"
 *
 *-------------------------- Connector 0 configuration ------------------------
 *
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/0/resolution = "1920x1080"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/0/req-ring-ref = "2832"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/0/req-event-channel = "15"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/0/evt-ring-ref = "387"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/0/evt-event-channel = "16"
 *
 *-------------------------- Connector 1 configuration ------------------------
 *
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/1/resolution = "800x600"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/1/req-ring-ref = "2833"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/1/req-event-channel = "17"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/1/evt-ring-ref = "388"
 * /local/domain/1/device/vdispl/0/1/evt-event-channel = "18"
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                            Backend XenBus Nodes
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 *----------------------------- Protocol version ------------------------------
 *
 * versions
 *      Values:         <string>
 *
 *      List of XENDISPL_LIST_SEPARATOR separated protocol versions supported
 *      by the backend. For example "1,2,3".
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                            Frontend XenBus Nodes
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 *-------------------------------- Addressing ---------------------------------
 *
 * dom-id
 *      Values:         <uint16_t>
 *
 *      Domain identifier.
 *
 * dev-id
 *      Values:         <uint16_t>
 *
 *      Device identifier.
 *
 * conn-idx
 *      Values:         <uint8_t>
 *
 *      Zero based contigous index of the connector.
 *      /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/<conn-idx>/...
 *
 *----------------------------- Protocol version ------------------------------
 *
 * version
 *      Values:         <string>
 *
 *      Protocol version, chosen among the ones supported by the backend.
 *
 *------------------------- Backend buffer allocation -------------------------
 *
 * be-alloc
 *      Values:         "0", "1"
 *
 *      If value is set to "1", then backend can be a buffer provider/allocator
 *      for this domain during XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE operation (see below
 *      for negotiation).
 *      If value is not "1" or omitted frontend must allocate buffers itself.
 *
 *----------------------------- Connector settings ----------------------------
 *
 * unique-id
 *      Values:         <string>
 *
 *      After device instance initialization each connector is assigned a
 *      unique ID, so it can be identified by the backend by this ID.
 *      This can be UUID or such.
 *
 * resolution
 *      Values:         <width, uint32_t>x<height, uint32_t>
 *
 *      Width and height of the connector in pixels separated by
 *      XENDISPL_RESOLUTION_SEPARATOR. This defines visible area of the
 *      display.
 *      If backend provides extended display identification data (EDID) with
 *      XENDISPL_OP_GET_EDID request then EDID values must take precedence
 *      over the resolutions defined here.
 *
 *------------------ Connector Request Transport Parameters -------------------
 *
 * This communication path is used to deliver requests from frontend to backend
 * and get the corresponding responses from backend to frontend,
 * set up per connector.
 *
 * req-event-channel
 *      Values:         <uint32_t>
 *
 *      The identifier of the Xen connector's control event channel
 *      used to signal activity in the ring buffer.
 *
 * req-ring-ref
 *      Values:         <uint32_t>
 *
 *      The Xen grant reference granting permission for the backend to map
 *      a sole page of connector's control ring buffer.
 *
 *------------------- Connector Event Transport Parameters --------------------
 *
 * This communication path is used to deliver asynchronous events from backend
 * to frontend, set up per connector.
 *
 * evt-event-channel
 *      Values:         <uint32_t>
 *
 *      The identifier of the Xen connector's event channel
 *      used to signal activity in the ring buffer.
 *
 * evt-ring-ref
 *      Values:         <uint32_t>
 *
 *      The Xen grant reference granting permission for the backend to map
 *      a sole page of connector's event ring buffer.
 */

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                               STATE DIAGRAMS
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * Tool stack creates front and back state nodes with initial state
 * XenbusStateInitialising.
 * Tool stack creates and sets up frontend display configuration
 * nodes per domain.
 *
 *-------------------------------- Normal flow --------------------------------
 *
 * Front                                Back
 * =================================    =====================================
 * XenbusStateInitialising              XenbusStateInitialising
 *                                       o Query backend device identification
 *                                         data.
 *                                       o Open and validate backend device.
 *                                                |
 *                                                |
 *                                                V
 *                                      XenbusStateInitWait
 *
 * o Query frontend configuration
 * o Allocate and initialize
 *   event channels per configured
 *   connector.
 * o Publish transport parameters
 *   that will be in effect during
 *   this connection.
 *              |
 *              |
 *              V
 * XenbusStateInitialised
 *
 *                                       o Query frontend transport parameters.
 *                                       o Connect to the event channels.
 *                                                |
 *                                                |
 *                                                V
 *                                      XenbusStateConnected
 *
 *  o Create and initialize OS
 *    virtual display connectors
 *    as per configuration.
 *              |
 *              |
 *              V
 * XenbusStateConnected
 *
 *                                      XenbusStateUnknown
 *                                      XenbusStateClosed
 *                                      XenbusStateClosing
 * o Remove virtual display device
 * o Remove event channels
 *              |
 *              |
 *              V
 * XenbusStateClosed
 *
 *------------------------------- Recovery flow -------------------------------
 *
 * In case of frontend unrecoverable errors backend handles that as
 * if frontend goes into the XenbusStateClosed state.
 *
 * In case of backend unrecoverable errors frontend tries removing
 * the virtualized device. If this is possible at the moment of error,
 * then frontend goes into the XenbusStateInitialising state and is ready for
 * new connection with backend. If the virtualized device is still in use and
 * cannot be removed, then frontend goes into the XenbusStateReconfiguring state
 * until either the virtualized device is removed or backend initiates a new
 * connection. On the virtualized device removal frontend goes into the
 * XenbusStateInitialising state.
 *
 * Note on XenbusStateReconfiguring state of the frontend: if backend has
 * unrecoverable errors then frontend cannot send requests to the backend
 * and thus cannot provide functionality of the virtualized device anymore.
 * After backend is back to normal the virtualized device may still hold some
 * state: configuration in use, allocated buffers, client application state etc.
 * In most cases, this will require frontend to implement complex recovery
 * reconnect logic. Instead, by going into XenbusStateReconfiguring state,
 * frontend will make sure no new clients of the virtualized device are
 * accepted, allow existing client(s) to exit gracefully by signaling error
 * state etc.
 * Once all the clients are gone frontend can reinitialize the virtualized
 * device and get into XenbusStateInitialising state again signaling the
 * backend that a new connection can be made.
 *
 * There are multiple conditions possible under which frontend will go from
 * XenbusStateReconfiguring into XenbusStateInitialising, some of them are OS
 * specific. For example:
 * 1. The underlying OS framework may provide callbacks to signal that the last
 *    client of the virtualized device has gone and the device can be removed
 * 2. Frontend can schedule a deferred work (timer/tasklet/workqueue)
 *    to periodically check if this is the right time to re-try removal of
 *    the virtualized device.
 * 3. By any other means.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                             REQUEST CODES
 ******************************************************************************
 * Request codes [0; 15] are reserved and must not be used
 */

#define XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE		0x10
#define XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_DESTROY	0x11
#define XENDISPL_OP_FB_ATTACH		0x12
#define XENDISPL_OP_FB_DETACH		0x13
#define XENDISPL_OP_SET_CONFIG		0x14
#define XENDISPL_OP_PG_FLIP		0x15
/* The below command is available in protocol version 2 and above. */
#define XENDISPL_OP_GET_EDID		0x16

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                                 EVENT CODES
 ******************************************************************************
 */
#define XENDISPL_EVT_PG_FLIP		0x00

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *               XENSTORE FIELD AND PATH NAME STRINGS, HELPERS
 ******************************************************************************
 */
#define XENDISPL_DRIVER_NAME		"vdispl"

#define XENDISPL_LIST_SEPARATOR		","
#define XENDISPL_RESOLUTION_SEPARATOR	"x"

#define XENDISPL_FIELD_BE_VERSIONS	"versions"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_FE_VERSION	"version"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_REQ_RING_REF	"req-ring-ref"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_REQ_CHANNEL	"req-event-channel"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_EVT_RING_REF	"evt-ring-ref"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_EVT_CHANNEL	"evt-event-channel"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_RESOLUTION	"resolution"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_BE_ALLOC		"be-alloc"
#define XENDISPL_FIELD_UNIQUE_ID	"unique-id"

#define XENDISPL_EDID_BLOCK_SIZE	128
#define XENDISPL_EDID_BLOCK_COUNT	256
#define XENDISPL_EDID_MAX_SIZE		(XENDISPL_EDID_BLOCK_SIZE * XENDISPL_EDID_BLOCK_COUNT)

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                          STATUS RETURN CODES
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * Status return code is zero on success and -XEN_EXX on failure.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *                              Assumptions
 ******************************************************************************
 * o usage of grant reference 0 as invalid grant reference:
 *   grant reference 0 is valid, but never exposed to a PV driver,
 *   because of the fact it is already in use/reserved by the PV console.
 * o all references in this document to page sizes must be treated
 *   as pages of size XEN_PAGE_SIZE unless otherwise noted.
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 *       Description of the protocol between frontend and backend driver
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * The two halves of a Para-virtual display driver communicate with
 * each other using shared pages and event channels.
 * Shared page contains a ring with request/response packets.
 *
 * All reserved fields in the structures below must be 0.
 * Display buffers's cookie of value 0 is treated as invalid.
 * Framebuffer's cookie of value 0 is treated as invalid.
 *
 * For all request/response/event packets that use cookies:
 *   dbuf_cookie - uint64_t, unique to guest domain value used by the backend
 *     to map remote display buffer to its local one
 *   fb_cookie - uint64_t, unique to guest domain value used by the backend
 *     to map remote framebuffer to its local one
 *
 *---------------------------------- Requests ---------------------------------
 *
 * All requests/responses, which are not connector specific, must be sent over
 * control ring of the connector which has the index value of 0:
 *   /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/0/req-ring-ref
 *
 * All request packets have the same length (64 octets)
 * All request packets have common header:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |    operation   |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *   id - uint16_t, private guest value, echoed in response
 *   operation - uint8_t, operation code, XENDISPL_OP_???
 *
 * Request dbuf creation - request creation of a display buffer.
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |_OP_DBUF_CREATE |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie low 32-bit                      | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie high 32-bit                     | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               width                               | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               height                              | 24
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                                bpp                                | 28
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             buffer_sz                             | 32
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               flags                               | 36
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                           gref_directory                          | 40
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             data_ofs                              | 44
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 48
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Must be sent over control ring of the connector which has the index
 * value of 0:
 *   /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/0/req-ring-ref
 * All unused bits in flags field must be set to 0.
 *
 * An attempt to create multiple display buffers with the same dbuf_cookie is
 * an error. dbuf_cookie can be re-used after destroying the corresponding
 * display buffer.
 *
 * Width and height of the display buffers can be smaller, equal or bigger
 * than the connector's resolution. Depth/pixel format of the individual
 * buffers can differ as well.
 *
 * width - uint32_t, width in pixels
 * height - uint32_t, height in pixels
 * bpp - uint32_t, bits per pixel
 * buffer_sz - uint32_t, buffer size to be allocated, octets
 * flags - uint32_t, flags of the operation
 *   o XENDISPL_DBUF_FLG_REQ_ALLOC - if set, then backend is requested
 *     to allocate the buffer with the parameters provided in this request.
 *     Page directory is handled as follows:
 *       Frontend on request:
 *         o allocates pages for the directory (gref_directory,
 *           gref_dir_next_page(s)
 *         o grants permissions for the pages of the directory to the backend
 *         o sets gref_dir_next_page fields
 *       Backend on response:
 *         o grants permissions for the pages of the buffer allocated to
 *           the frontend
 *         o fills in page directory with grant references
 *           (gref[] in struct xendispl_page_directory)
 * gref_directory - grant_ref_t, a reference to the first shared page
 *   describing shared buffer references. At least one page exists. If shared
 *   buffer size (buffer_sz) exceeds what can be addressed by this single page,
 *   then reference to the next page must be supplied (see gref_dir_next_page
 *   below)
 * data_ofs - uint32_t, offset of the data in the buffer, octets
 */

#define XENDISPL_DBUF_FLG_REQ_ALLOC	(1 << 0)

struct xendispl_dbuf_create_req {
	uint64_t dbuf_cookie;
	uint32_t width;
	uint32_t height;
	uint32_t bpp;
	uint32_t buffer_sz;
	uint32_t flags;
	grant_ref_t gref_directory;
	uint32_t data_ofs;
};

/*
 * Shared page for XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE buffer descriptor (gref_directory in
 * the request) employs a list of pages, describing all pages of the shared
 * data buffer:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        gref_dir_next_page                         | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                              gref[0]                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                              gref[i]                              | i*4+8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             gref[N - 1]                           | N*4+8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * gref_dir_next_page - grant_ref_t, reference to the next page describing
 *   page directory. Must be 0 if there are no more pages in the list.
 * gref[i] - grant_ref_t, reference to a shared page of the buffer
 *   allocated at XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE
 *
 * Number of grant_ref_t entries in the whole page directory is not
 * passed, but instead can be calculated as:
 *   num_grefs_total = (XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE.buffer_sz + XEN_PAGE_SIZE - 1) /
 *       XEN_PAGE_SIZE
 */

struct xendispl_page_directory {
	grant_ref_t gref_dir_next_page;
	grant_ref_t gref[];
};

/*
 * Request dbuf destruction - destroy a previously allocated display buffer:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |_OP_DBUF_DESTROY|   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie low 32-bit                      | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie high 32-bit                     | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Must be sent over control ring of the connector which has the index
 * value of 0:
 *   /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/0/req-ring-ref
 */

struct xendispl_dbuf_destroy_req {
	uint64_t dbuf_cookie;
};

/*
 * Request framebuffer attachment - request attachment of a framebuffer to
 * previously created display buffer.
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                | _OP_FB_ATTACH  |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie low 32-bit                      | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                       dbuf_cookie high 32-bit                     | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie low 32-bit                       | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie high 32-bit                      | 24
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               width                               | 28
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               height                              | 32
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                            pixel_format                           | 36
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 40
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Must be sent over control ring of the connector which has the index
 * value of 0:
 *   /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/0/req-ring-ref
 * Width and height can be smaller, equal or bigger than the connector's
 * resolution.
 *
 * An attempt to create multiple frame buffers with the same fb_cookie is
 * an error. fb_cookie can be re-used after destroying the corresponding
 * frame buffer.
 *
 * width - uint32_t, width in pixels
 * height - uint32_t, height in pixels
 * pixel_format - uint32_t, pixel format of the framebuffer, FOURCC code
 */

struct xendispl_fb_attach_req {
	uint64_t dbuf_cookie;
	uint64_t fb_cookie;
	uint32_t width;
	uint32_t height;
	uint32_t pixel_format;
};

/*
 * Request framebuffer detach - detach a previously
 * attached framebuffer from the display buffer in request:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |  _OP_FB_DETACH |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie low 32-bit                       | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie high 32-bit                      | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Must be sent over control ring of the connector which has the index
 * value of 0:
 *   /local/domain/<dom-id>/device/vdispl/<dev-id>/0/req-ring-ref
 */

struct xendispl_fb_detach_req {
	uint64_t fb_cookie;
};

/*
 * Request configuration set/reset - request to set or reset
 * the configuration/mode of the display:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                | _OP_SET_CONFIG |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie low 32-bit                       | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie high 32-bit                      | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                                 x                                 | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                                 y                                 | 24
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               width                               | 28
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                               height                              | 32
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                                bpp                                | 40
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 44
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Pass all zeros to reset, otherwise command is treated as
 * configuration set.
 * Framebuffer's cookie defines which framebuffer/dbuf must be
 * displayed while enabling display (applying configuration).
 * x, y, width and height are bound by the connector's resolution and must not
 * exceed it.
 *
 * x - uint32_t, starting position in pixels by X axis
 * y - uint32_t, starting position in pixels by Y axis
 * width - uint32_t, width in pixels
 * height - uint32_t, height in pixels
 * bpp - uint32_t, bits per pixel
 */

struct xendispl_set_config_req {
	uint64_t fb_cookie;
	uint32_t x;
	uint32_t y;
	uint32_t width;
	uint32_t height;
	uint32_t bpp;
};

/*
 * Request page flip - request to flip a page identified by the framebuffer
 * cookie:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                | _OP_PG_FLIP    |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie low 32-bit                       | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie high 32-bit                      | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 */

struct xendispl_page_flip_req {
	uint64_t fb_cookie;
};

/*
 * Request EDID - request EDID describing current connector:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                | _OP_GET_EDID   |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             buffer_sz                             | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                          gref_directory                           | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Notes:
 *   - This command is not available in protocol version 1 and should be
 *     ignored.
 *   - This request is optional and if not supported then visible area
 *     is defined by the relevant XenStore's "resolution" property.
 *   - Shared buffer, allocated for EDID storage, must not be less then
 *     XENDISPL_EDID_MAX_SIZE octets.
 *
 * buffer_sz - uint32_t, buffer size to be allocated, octets
 * gref_directory - grant_ref_t, a reference to the first shared page
 *   describing EDID buffer references. See XENDISPL_OP_DBUF_CREATE for
 *   grant page directory structure (struct xendispl_page_directory).
 *
 * See response format for this request.
 */

struct xendispl_get_edid_req {
	uint32_t buffer_sz;
	grant_ref_t gref_directory;
};

/*
 *---------------------------------- Responses --------------------------------
 *
 * All response packets have the same length (64 octets)
 *
 * All response packets have common header:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |            reserved             | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                              status                               | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * id - uint16_t, private guest value, echoed from request
 * status - int32_t, response status, zero on success and -XEN_EXX on failure
 *
 *
 * Get EDID response - response for XENDISPL_OP_GET_EDID:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |    operation   |    reserved    | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                              status                               | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             edid_sz                               | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * Notes:
 *   - This response is not available in protocol version 1 and should be
 *     ignored.
 *
 * edid_sz - uint32_t, size of the EDID, octets
 */

struct xendispl_get_edid_resp {
	uint32_t edid_sz;
};

/*
 *----------------------------------- Events ----------------------------------
 *
 * Events are sent via a shared page allocated by the front and propagated by
 *   evt-event-channel/evt-ring-ref XenStore entries
 * All event packets have the same length (64 octets)
 * All event packets have common header:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |      type      |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 *
 * id - uint16_t, event id, may be used by front
 * type - uint8_t, type of the event
 *
 *
 * Page flip complete event - event from back to front on page flip completed:
 *         0                1                 2               3        octet
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |               id                |   _EVT_PG_FLIP |   reserved     | 4
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 8
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie low 32-bit                       | 12
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                        fb_cookie high 32-bit                      | 16
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 20
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 * |                             reserved                              | 64
 * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
 */

struct xendispl_pg_flip_evt {
	uint64_t fb_cookie;
};

struct xendispl_req {
	uint16_t id;
	uint8_t operation;
	uint8_t reserved[5];
	union {
		struct xendispl_dbuf_create_req dbuf_create;
		struct xendispl_dbuf_destroy_req dbuf_destroy;
		struct xendispl_fb_attach_req fb_attach;
		struct xendispl_fb_detach_req fb_detach;
		struct xendispl_set_config_req set_config;
		struct xendispl_page_flip_req pg_flip;
		struct xendispl_get_edid_req get_edid;
		uint8_t reserved[56];
	} op;
};

struct xendispl_resp {
	uint16_t id;
	uint8_t operation;
	uint8_t reserved;
	int32_t status;
	union {
		struct xendispl_get_edid_resp get_edid;
		uint8_t reserved1[56];
	} op;
};

struct xendispl_evt {
	uint16_t id;
	uint8_t type;
	uint8_t reserved[5];
	union {
		struct xendispl_pg_flip_evt pg_flip;
		uint8_t reserved[56];
	} op;
};

DEFINE_RING_TYPES(xen_displif, struct xendispl_req, struct xendispl_resp);

/*
 ******************************************************************************
 *                        Back to front events delivery
 ******************************************************************************
 * In order to deliver asynchronous events from back to front a shared page is
 * allocated by front and its granted reference propagated to back via
 * XenStore entries (evt-ring-ref/evt-event-channel).
 * This page has a common header used by both front and back to synchronize
 * access and control event's ring buffer, while back being a producer of the
 * events and front being a consumer. The rest of the page after the header
 * is used for event packets.
 *
 * Upon reception of an event(s) front may confirm its reception
 * for either each event, group of events or none.
 */

struct xendispl_event_page {
	uint32_t in_cons;
	uint32_t in_prod;
	uint8_t reserved[56];
};

#define XENDISPL_EVENT_PAGE_SIZE XEN_PAGE_SIZE
#define XENDISPL_IN_RING_OFFS (sizeof(struct xendispl_event_page))
#define XENDISPL_IN_RING_SIZE (XENDISPL_EVENT_PAGE_SIZE - XENDISPL_IN_RING_OFFS)
#define XENDISPL_IN_RING_LEN (XENDISPL_IN_RING_SIZE / sizeof(struct xendispl_evt))
#define XENDISPL_IN_RING(page) \
	((struct xendispl_evt *)((char *)(page) + XENDISPL_IN_RING_OFFS))
#define XENDISPL_IN_RING_REF(page, idx) \
	(XENDISPL_IN_RING((page))[(idx) % XENDISPL_IN_RING_LEN])

#endif /* __XEN_PUBLIC_IO_DISPLIF_H__ */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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