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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test.test_xml -*-
#
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
*S*mall, *U*ncomplicated *X*ML.
This is a very simple implementation of XML/HTML as a network
protocol. It is not at all clever. Its main features are that it
does not:
- support namespaces
- mung mnemonic entity references
- validate
- perform *any* external actions (such as fetching URLs or writing files)
under *any* circumstances
- has lots and lots of horrible hacks for supporting broken HTML (as an
option, they're not on by default).
"""
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol
from twisted.python.reflect import prefixedMethodNames
# Elements of the three-tuples in the state table.
BEGIN_HANDLER = 0
DO_HANDLER = 1
END_HANDLER = 2
identChars = ".-_:"
lenientIdentChars = identChars + ";+#/%~"
def nop(*args, **kw):
"Do nothing."
def unionlist(*args):
l = []
for x in args:
l.extend(x)
d = {x: 1 for x in l}
return d.keys()
def zipfndict(*args, **kw):
default = kw.get("default", nop)
d = {}
for key in unionlist(*(fndict.keys() for fndict in args)):
d[key] = tuple(x.get(key, default) for x in args)
return d
def prefixedMethodClassDict(clazz, prefix):
return {
name: getattr(clazz, prefix + name)
for name in prefixedMethodNames(clazz, prefix)
}
def prefixedMethodObjDict(obj, prefix):
return {
name: getattr(obj, prefix + name)
for name in prefixedMethodNames(obj.__class__, prefix)
}
class ParseError(Exception):
def __init__(self, filename, line, col, message):
self.filename = filename
self.line = line
self.col = col
self.message = message
def __str__(self) -> str:
return f"{self.filename}:{self.line}:{self.col}: {self.message}"
class XMLParser(Protocol):
state = None
encodings = None
filename = "<xml />"
beExtremelyLenient = 0
_prepend = None
# _leadingBodyData will sometimes be set before switching to the
# 'bodydata' state, when we "accidentally" read a byte of bodydata
# in a different state.
_leadingBodyData = None
def connectionMade(self):
self.lineno = 1
self.colno = 0
self.encodings = []
def saveMark(self):
"""Get the line number and column of the last character parsed"""
# This gets replaced during dataReceived, restored afterwards
return (self.lineno, self.colno)
def _parseError(self, message):
raise ParseError(*((self.filename,) + self.saveMark() + (message,)))
def _buildStateTable(self):
"""Return a dictionary of begin, do, end state function tuples"""
# _buildStateTable leaves something to be desired but it does what it
# does.. probably slowly, so I'm doing some evil caching so it doesn't
# get called more than once per class.
stateTable = getattr(self.__class__, "__stateTable", None)
if stateTable is None:
stateTable = self.__class__.__stateTable = zipfndict(
*(
prefixedMethodObjDict(self, prefix)
for prefix in ("begin_", "do_", "end_")
)
)
return stateTable
def _decode(self, data):
if "UTF-16" in self.encodings or "UCS-2" in self.encodings:
assert not len(data) & 1, "UTF-16 must come in pairs for now"
if self._prepend:
data = self._prepend + data
for encoding in self.encodings:
data = str(data, encoding)
return data
def maybeBodyData(self):
if self.endtag:
return "bodydata"
# Get ready for fun! We're going to allow
# <script>if (foo < bar)</script> to work!
# We do this by making everything between <script> and
# </script> a Text
# BUT <script src="foo"> will be special-cased to do regular,
# lenient behavior, because those may not have </script>
# -radix
if self.tagName == "script" and "src" not in self.tagAttributes:
# we do this ourselves rather than having begin_waitforendscript
# because that can get called multiple times and we don't want
# bodydata to get reset other than the first time.
self.begin_bodydata(None)
return "waitforendscript"
return "bodydata"
def dataReceived(self, data):
stateTable = self._buildStateTable()
if not self.state:
# all UTF-16 starts with this string
if data.startswith((b"\xff\xfe", b"\xfe\xff")):
self._prepend = data[0:2]
self.encodings.append("UTF-16")
data = data[2:]
self.state = "begin"
if self.encodings:
data = self._decode(data)
else:
data = data.decode("utf-8")
# bring state, lineno, colno into local scope
lineno, colno = self.lineno, self.colno
curState = self.state
# replace saveMark with a nested scope function
_saveMark = self.saveMark
def saveMark():
return (lineno, colno)
self.saveMark = saveMark
# fetch functions from the stateTable
beginFn, doFn, endFn = stateTable[curState]
try:
for byte in data:
# do newline stuff
if byte == "\n":
lineno += 1
colno = 0
else:
colno += 1
newState = doFn(byte)
if newState is not None and newState != curState:
# this is the endFn from the previous state
endFn()
curState = newState
beginFn, doFn, endFn = stateTable[curState]
beginFn(byte)
finally:
self.saveMark = _saveMark
self.lineno, self.colno = lineno, colno
# state doesn't make sense if there's an exception..
self.state = curState
def connectionLost(self, reason):
"""
End the last state we were in.
"""
stateTable = self._buildStateTable()
stateTable[self.state][END_HANDLER]()
# state methods
def do_begin(self, byte):
if byte.isspace():
return
if byte != "<":
if self.beExtremelyLenient:
self._leadingBodyData = byte
return "bodydata"
self._parseError(f"First char of document [{byte!r}] wasn't <")
return "tagstart"
def begin_comment(self, byte):
self.commentbuf = ""
def do_comment(self, byte):
self.commentbuf += byte
if self.commentbuf.endswith("-->"):
self.gotComment(self.commentbuf[:-3])
return "bodydata"
def begin_tagstart(self, byte):
self.tagName = "" # name of the tag
self.tagAttributes = {} # attributes of the tag
self.termtag = 0 # is the tag self-terminating
self.endtag = 0
def do_tagstart(self, byte):
if byte.isalnum() or byte in identChars:
self.tagName += byte
if self.tagName == "!--":
return "comment"
elif byte.isspace():
if self.tagName:
if self.endtag:
# properly strict thing to do here is probably to only
# accept whitespace
return "waitforgt"
return "attrs"
else:
self._parseError("Whitespace before tag-name")
elif byte == ">":
if self.endtag:
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
return "bodydata"
else:
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, {})
return (
(not self.beExtremelyLenient) and "bodydata" or self.maybeBodyData()
)
elif byte == "/":
if self.tagName:
return "afterslash"
else:
self.endtag = 1
elif byte in "!?":
if self.tagName:
if not self.beExtremelyLenient:
self._parseError("Invalid character in tag-name")
else:
self.tagName += byte
self.termtag = 1
elif byte == "[":
if self.tagName == "!":
return "expectcdata"
else:
self._parseError("Invalid '[' in tag-name")
else:
if self.beExtremelyLenient:
self.bodydata = "<"
return "unentity"
self._parseError("Invalid tag character: %r" % byte)
def begin_unentity(self, byte):
self.bodydata += byte
def do_unentity(self, byte):
self.bodydata += byte
return "bodydata"
def end_unentity(self):
self.gotText(self.bodydata)
def begin_expectcdata(self, byte):
self.cdatabuf = byte
def do_expectcdata(self, byte):
self.cdatabuf += byte
cdb = self.cdatabuf
cd = "[CDATA["
if len(cd) > len(cdb):
if cd.startswith(cdb):
return
elif self.beExtremelyLenient:
## WHAT THE CRAP!? MSWord9 generates HTML that includes these
## bizarre <![if !foo]> <![endif]> chunks, so I've gotta ignore
## 'em as best I can. this should really be a separate parse
## state but I don't even have any idea what these _are_.
return "waitforgt"
else:
self._parseError("Mal-formed CDATA header")
if cd == cdb:
self.cdatabuf = ""
return "cdata"
self._parseError("Mal-formed CDATA header")
def do_cdata(self, byte):
self.cdatabuf += byte
if self.cdatabuf.endswith("]]>"):
self.cdatabuf = self.cdatabuf[:-3]
return "bodydata"
def end_cdata(self):
self.gotCData(self.cdatabuf)
self.cdatabuf = ""
def do_attrs(self, byte):
if byte.isalnum() or byte in identChars:
# XXX FIXME really handle !DOCTYPE at some point
if self.tagName == "!DOCTYPE":
return "doctype"
if self.tagName[0] in "!?":
return "waitforgt"
return "attrname"
elif byte.isspace():
return
elif byte == ">":
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
return (not self.beExtremelyLenient) and "bodydata" or self.maybeBodyData()
elif byte == "/":
return "afterslash"
elif self.beExtremelyLenient:
# discard and move on? Only case I've seen of this so far was:
# <foo bar="baz"">
return
self._parseError("Unexpected character: %r" % byte)
def begin_doctype(self, byte):
self.doctype = byte
def do_doctype(self, byte):
if byte == ">":
return "bodydata"
self.doctype += byte
def end_doctype(self):
self.gotDoctype(self.doctype)
self.doctype = None
def do_waitforgt(self, byte):
if byte == ">":
if self.endtag or not self.beExtremelyLenient:
return "bodydata"
return self.maybeBodyData()
def begin_attrname(self, byte):
self.attrname = byte
self._attrname_termtag = 0
def do_attrname(self, byte):
if byte.isalnum() or byte in identChars:
self.attrname += byte
return
elif byte == "=":
return "beforeattrval"
elif byte.isspace():
return "beforeeq"
elif self.beExtremelyLenient:
if byte in "\"'":
return "attrval"
if byte in lenientIdentChars or byte.isalnum():
self.attrname += byte
return
if byte == "/":
self._attrname_termtag = 1
return
if byte == ">":
self.attrval = "True"
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
if self._attrname_termtag:
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
return "bodydata"
return self.maybeBodyData()
# something is really broken. let's leave this attribute where it
# is and move on to the next thing
return
self._parseError(f"Invalid attribute name: {self.attrname!r} {byte!r}")
def do_beforeattrval(self, byte):
if byte in "\"'":
return "attrval"
elif byte.isspace():
return
elif self.beExtremelyLenient:
if byte in lenientIdentChars or byte.isalnum():
return "messyattr"
if byte == ">":
self.attrval = "True"
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
return self.maybeBodyData()
if byte == "\\":
# I saw this in actual HTML once:
# <font size=\"3\"><sup>SM</sup></font>
return
self._parseError(
"Invalid initial attribute value: %r; Attribute values must be quoted."
% byte
)
attrname = ""
attrval = ""
def begin_beforeeq(self, byte):
self._beforeeq_termtag = 0
def do_beforeeq(self, byte):
if byte == "=":
return "beforeattrval"
elif byte.isspace():
return
elif self.beExtremelyLenient:
if byte.isalnum() or byte in identChars:
self.attrval = "True"
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
return "attrname"
elif byte == ">":
self.attrval = "True"
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
if self._beforeeq_termtag:
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
return "bodydata"
return self.maybeBodyData()
elif byte == "/":
self._beforeeq_termtag = 1
return
self._parseError("Invalid attribute")
def begin_attrval(self, byte):
self.quotetype = byte
self.attrval = ""
def do_attrval(self, byte):
if byte == self.quotetype:
return "attrs"
self.attrval += byte
def end_attrval(self):
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
self.attrname = self.attrval = ""
def begin_messyattr(self, byte):
self.attrval = byte
def do_messyattr(self, byte):
if byte.isspace():
return "attrs"
elif byte == ">":
endTag = 0
if self.attrval.endswith("/"):
endTag = 1
self.attrval = self.attrval[:-1]
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
if endTag:
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
return "bodydata"
return self.maybeBodyData()
else:
self.attrval += byte
def end_messyattr(self):
if self.attrval:
self.tagAttributes[self.attrname] = self.attrval
def begin_afterslash(self, byte):
self._after_slash_closed = 0
def do_afterslash(self, byte):
# this state is only after a self-terminating slash, e.g. <foo/>
if self._after_slash_closed:
self._parseError("Mal-formed") # XXX When does this happen??
if byte != ">":
if self.beExtremelyLenient:
return
else:
self._parseError("No data allowed after '/'")
self._after_slash_closed = 1
self.gotTagStart(self.tagName, self.tagAttributes)
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
# don't need maybeBodyData here because there better not be
# any javascript code after a <script/>... we'll see :(
return "bodydata"
def begin_bodydata(self, byte):
if self._leadingBodyData:
self.bodydata = self._leadingBodyData
del self._leadingBodyData
else:
self.bodydata = ""
def do_bodydata(self, byte):
if byte == "<":
return "tagstart"
if byte == "&":
return "entityref"
self.bodydata += byte
def end_bodydata(self):
self.gotText(self.bodydata)
self.bodydata = ""
def do_waitforendscript(self, byte):
if byte == "<":
return "waitscriptendtag"
self.bodydata += byte
def begin_waitscriptendtag(self, byte):
self.temptagdata = ""
self.tagName = ""
self.endtag = 0
def do_waitscriptendtag(self, byte):
# 1 enforce / as first byte read
# 2 enforce following bytes to be subset of "script" until
# tagName == "script"
# 2a when that happens, gotText(self.bodydata) and gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
# 3 spaces can happen anywhere, they're ignored
# e.g. < / script >
# 4 anything else causes all data I've read to be moved to the
# bodydata, and switch back to waitforendscript state
# If it turns out this _isn't_ a </script>, we need to
# remember all the data we've been through so we can append it
# to bodydata
self.temptagdata += byte
# 1
if byte == "/":
self.endtag = True
elif not self.endtag:
self.bodydata += "<" + self.temptagdata
return "waitforendscript"
# 2
elif byte.isalnum() or byte in identChars:
self.tagName += byte
if not "script".startswith(self.tagName):
self.bodydata += "<" + self.temptagdata
return "waitforendscript"
elif self.tagName == "script":
self.gotText(self.bodydata)
self.gotTagEnd(self.tagName)
return "waitforgt"
# 3
elif byte.isspace():
return "waitscriptendtag"
# 4
else:
self.bodydata += "<" + self.temptagdata
return "waitforendscript"
def begin_entityref(self, byte):
self.erefbuf = ""
self.erefextra = "" # extra bit for lenient mode
def do_entityref(self, byte):
if byte.isspace() or byte == "<":
if self.beExtremelyLenient:
# '&foo' probably was '&foo'
if self.erefbuf and self.erefbuf != "amp":
self.erefextra = self.erefbuf
self.erefbuf = "amp"
if byte == "<":
return "tagstart"
else:
self.erefextra += byte
return "spacebodydata"
self._parseError("Bad entity reference")
elif byte != ";":
self.erefbuf += byte
else:
return "bodydata"
def end_entityref(self):
self.gotEntityReference(self.erefbuf)
# hacky support for space after & in entityref in beExtremelyLenient
# state should only happen in that case
def begin_spacebodydata(self, byte):
self.bodydata = self.erefextra
self.erefextra = None
do_spacebodydata = do_bodydata
end_spacebodydata = end_bodydata
# Sorta SAX-ish API
def gotTagStart(self, name, attributes):
"""Encountered an opening tag.
Default behaviour is to print."""
print("begin", name, attributes)
def gotText(self, data):
"""Encountered text
Default behaviour is to print."""
print("text:", repr(data))
def gotEntityReference(self, entityRef):
"""Encountered mnemonic entity reference
Default behaviour is to print."""
print("entityRef: &%s;" % entityRef)
def gotComment(self, comment):
"""Encountered comment.
Default behaviour is to ignore."""
pass
def gotCData(self, cdata):
"""Encountered CDATA
Default behaviour is to call the gotText method"""
self.gotText(cdata)
def gotDoctype(self, doctype):
"""Encountered DOCTYPE
This is really grotty: it basically just gives you everything between
'<!DOCTYPE' and '>' as an argument.
"""
print("!DOCTYPE", repr(doctype))
def gotTagEnd(self, name):
"""Encountered closing tag
Default behaviour is to print."""
print("end", name)