Current File : //proc/self/root/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/protocols/sip.py
# -*- test-case-name: twisted.test.test_sip -*-
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
Session Initialization Protocol.

Documented in RFC 2543.
[Superseded by 3261]
"""

import socket
import time
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict
from typing import Dict, List

from zope.interface import Interface, implementer

from twisted import cred
from twisted.internet import defer, protocol, reactor
from twisted.protocols import basic
from twisted.python import log

PORT = 5060

# SIP headers have short forms
shortHeaders = {
    "call-id": "i",
    "contact": "m",
    "content-encoding": "e",
    "content-length": "l",
    "content-type": "c",
    "from": "f",
    "subject": "s",
    "to": "t",
    "via": "v",
}

longHeaders = {}
for k, v in shortHeaders.items():
    longHeaders[v] = k
del k, v

statusCodes = {
    100: "Trying",
    180: "Ringing",
    181: "Call Is Being Forwarded",
    182: "Queued",
    183: "Session Progress",
    200: "OK",
    300: "Multiple Choices",
    301: "Moved Permanently",
    302: "Moved Temporarily",
    303: "See Other",
    305: "Use Proxy",
    380: "Alternative Service",
    400: "Bad Request",
    401: "Unauthorized",
    402: "Payment Required",
    403: "Forbidden",
    404: "Not Found",
    405: "Method Not Allowed",
    406: "Not Acceptable",
    407: "Proxy Authentication Required",
    408: "Request Timeout",
    409: "Conflict",  # Not in RFC3261
    410: "Gone",
    411: "Length Required",  # Not in RFC3261
    413: "Request Entity Too Large",
    414: "Request-URI Too Large",
    415: "Unsupported Media Type",
    416: "Unsupported URI Scheme",
    420: "Bad Extension",
    421: "Extension Required",
    423: "Interval Too Brief",
    480: "Temporarily Unavailable",
    481: "Call/Transaction Does Not Exist",
    482: "Loop Detected",
    483: "Too Many Hops",
    484: "Address Incomplete",
    485: "Ambiguous",
    486: "Busy Here",
    487: "Request Terminated",
    488: "Not Acceptable Here",
    491: "Request Pending",
    493: "Undecipherable",
    500: "Internal Server Error",
    501: "Not Implemented",
    502: "Bad Gateway",  # No donut
    503: "Service Unavailable",
    504: "Server Time-out",
    505: "SIP Version not supported",
    513: "Message Too Large",
    600: "Busy Everywhere",
    603: "Decline",
    604: "Does not exist anywhere",
    606: "Not Acceptable",
}

specialCases = {
    "cseq": "CSeq",
    "call-id": "Call-ID",
    "www-authenticate": "WWW-Authenticate",
}


def dashCapitalize(s):
    """
    Capitalize a string, making sure to treat '-' as a word separator
    """
    return "-".join([x.capitalize() for x in s.split("-")])


def unq(s):
    if s[0] == s[-1] == '"':
        return s[1:-1]
    return s


_absent = object()


class Via:
    """
    A L{Via} is a SIP Via header, representing a segment of the path taken by
    the request.

    See RFC 3261, sections 8.1.1.7, 18.2.2, and 20.42.

    @ivar transport: Network protocol used for this leg. (Probably either "TCP"
    or "UDP".)
    @type transport: C{str}
    @ivar branch: Unique identifier for this request.
    @type branch: C{str}
    @ivar host: Hostname or IP for this leg.
    @type host: C{str}
    @ivar port: Port used for this leg.
    @type port C{int}, or None.
    @ivar rportRequested: Whether to request RFC 3581 client processing or not.
    @type rportRequested: C{bool}
    @ivar rportValue: Servers wishing to honor requests for RFC 3581 processing
    should set this parameter to the source port the request was received
    from.
    @type rportValue: C{int}, or None.

    @ivar ttl: Time-to-live for requests on multicast paths.
    @type ttl: C{int}, or None.
    @ivar maddr: The destination multicast address, if any.
    @type maddr: C{str}, or None.
    @ivar hidden: Obsolete in SIP 2.0.
    @type hidden: C{bool}
    @ivar otherParams: Any other parameters in the header.
    @type otherParams: C{dict}
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=PORT,
        transport="UDP",
        ttl=None,
        hidden=False,
        received=None,
        rport=_absent,
        branch=None,
        maddr=None,
        **kw,
    ):
        """
        Set parameters of this Via header. All arguments correspond to
        attributes of the same name.

        To maintain compatibility with old SIP
        code, the 'rport' argument is used to determine the values of
        C{rportRequested} and C{rportValue}. If None, C{rportRequested} is set
        to True. (The deprecated method for doing this is to pass True.) If an
        integer, C{rportValue} is set to the given value.

        Any arguments not explicitly named here are collected into the
        C{otherParams} dict.
        """
        self.transport = transport
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.ttl = ttl
        self.hidden = hidden
        self.received = received
        if rport is True:
            warnings.warn(
                "rport=True is deprecated since Twisted 9.0.",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            self.rportValue = None
            self.rportRequested = True
        elif rport is None:
            self.rportValue = None
            self.rportRequested = True
        elif rport is _absent:
            self.rportValue = None
            self.rportRequested = False
        else:
            self.rportValue = rport
            self.rportRequested = False

        self.branch = branch
        self.maddr = maddr
        self.otherParams = kw

    @property
    def rport(self):
        """
        Returns the rport value expected by the old SIP code.
        """
        if self.rportRequested == True:
            return True
        elif self.rportValue is not None:
            return self.rportValue
        else:
            return None

    @rport.setter
    def rport(self, newRPort):
        """
        L{Base._fixupNAT} sets C{rport} directly, so this method sets
        C{rportValue} based on that.

        @param newRPort: The new rport value.
        @type newRPort: C{int}
        """
        self.rportValue = newRPort
        self.rportRequested = False

    def toString(self):
        """
        Serialize this header for use in a request or response.
        """
        s = f"SIP/2.0/{self.transport} {self.host}:{self.port}"
        if self.hidden:
            s += ";hidden"
        for n in "ttl", "branch", "maddr", "received":
            value = getattr(self, n)
            if value is not None:
                s += f";{n}={value}"
        if self.rportRequested:
            s += ";rport"
        elif self.rportValue is not None:
            s += f";rport={self.rport}"

        etc = sorted(self.otherParams.items())
        for k, v in etc:
            if v is None:
                s += ";" + k
            else:
                s += f";{k}={v}"
        return s


def parseViaHeader(value):
    """
    Parse a Via header.

    @return: The parsed version of this header.
    @rtype: L{Via}
    """
    parts = value.split(";")
    sent, params = parts[0], parts[1:]
    protocolinfo, by = sent.split(" ", 1)
    by = by.strip()
    result = {}
    pname, pversion, transport = protocolinfo.split("/")
    if pname != "SIP" or pversion != "2.0":
        raise ValueError(f"wrong protocol or version: {value!r}")
    result["transport"] = transport
    if ":" in by:
        host, port = by.split(":")
        result["port"] = int(port)
        result["host"] = host
    else:
        result["host"] = by
    for p in params:
        # It's the comment-striping dance!
        p = p.strip().split(" ", 1)
        if len(p) == 1:
            p, comment = p[0], ""
        else:
            p, comment = p
        if p == "hidden":
            result["hidden"] = True
            continue
        parts = p.split("=", 1)
        if len(parts) == 1:
            name, value = parts[0], None
        else:
            name, value = parts
            if name in ("rport", "ttl"):
                value = int(value)
        result[name] = value
    return Via(**result)


class URL:
    """
    A SIP URL.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        username=None,
        password=None,
        port=None,
        transport=None,
        usertype=None,
        method=None,
        ttl=None,
        maddr=None,
        tag=None,
        other=None,
        headers=None,
    ):
        self.username = username
        self.host = host
        self.password = password
        self.port = port
        self.transport = transport
        self.usertype = usertype
        self.method = method
        self.tag = tag
        self.ttl = ttl
        self.maddr = maddr
        if other == None:
            self.other = []
        else:
            self.other = other
        if headers == None:
            self.headers = {}
        else:
            self.headers = headers

    def toString(self) -> str:
        l: List[str] = []
        w = l.append
        w("sip:")
        if self.username != None:
            w(self.username)
            if self.password != None:
                w(":%s" % self.password)
            w("@")
        w(self.host)
        if self.port != None:
            w(":%d" % self.port)
        if self.usertype != None:
            w(";user=%s" % self.usertype)
        for n in ("transport", "ttl", "maddr", "method", "tag"):
            v = getattr(self, n)
            if v != None:
                w(f";{n}={v}")
        for v in self.other:
            w(";%s" % v)
        if self.headers:
            w("?")
            w(
                "&".join(
                    [
                        (f"{specialCases.get(h) or dashCapitalize(h)}={v}")
                        for (h, v) in self.headers.items()
                    ]
                )
            )
        return "".join(l)

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.toString()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "<URL {}:{}@{}:{!r}/{}>".format(
            self.username,
            self.password,
            self.host,
            self.port,
            self.transport,
        )


def parseURL(url, host=None, port=None):
    """
    Return string into URL object.

    URIs are of form 'sip:user@example.com'.
    """
    d = {}
    if not url.startswith("sip:"):
        raise ValueError("unsupported scheme: " + url[:4])
    parts = url[4:].split(";")
    userdomain, params = parts[0], parts[1:]
    udparts = userdomain.split("@", 1)
    if len(udparts) == 2:
        userpass, hostport = udparts
        upparts = userpass.split(":", 1)
        if len(upparts) == 1:
            d["username"] = upparts[0]
        else:
            d["username"] = upparts[0]
            d["password"] = upparts[1]
    else:
        hostport = udparts[0]
    hpparts = hostport.split(":", 1)
    if len(hpparts) == 1:
        d["host"] = hpparts[0]
    else:
        d["host"] = hpparts[0]
        d["port"] = int(hpparts[1])
    if host != None:
        d["host"] = host
    if port != None:
        d["port"] = port
    for p in params:
        if p == params[-1] and "?" in p:
            d["headers"] = h = {}
            p, headers = p.split("?", 1)
            for header in headers.split("&"):
                k, v = header.split("=")
                h[k] = v
        nv = p.split("=", 1)
        if len(nv) == 1:
            d.setdefault("other", []).append(p)
            continue
        name, value = nv
        if name == "user":
            d["usertype"] = value
        elif name in ("transport", "ttl", "maddr", "method", "tag"):
            if name == "ttl":
                value = int(value)
            d[name] = value
        else:
            d.setdefault("other", []).append(p)
    return URL(**d)


def cleanRequestURL(url):
    """
    Clean a URL from a Request line.
    """
    url.transport = None
    url.maddr = None
    url.ttl = None
    url.headers = {}


def parseAddress(address, host=None, port=None, clean=0):
    """
    Return (name, uri, params) for From/To/Contact header.

    @param clean: remove unnecessary info, usually for From and To headers.
    """
    address = address.strip()
    # Simple 'sip:foo' case
    if address.startswith("sip:"):
        return "", parseURL(address, host=host, port=port), {}
    params = {}
    name, url = address.split("<", 1)
    name = name.strip()
    if name.startswith('"'):
        name = name[1:]
    if name.endswith('"'):
        name = name[:-1]
    url, paramstring = url.split(">", 1)
    url = parseURL(url, host=host, port=port)
    paramstring = paramstring.strip()
    if paramstring:
        for l in paramstring.split(";"):
            if not l:
                continue
            k, v = l.split("=")
            params[k] = v
    if clean:
        # RFC 2543 6.21
        url.ttl = None
        url.headers = {}
        url.transport = None
        url.maddr = None
    return name, url, params


class SIPError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, code, phrase=None):
        if phrase is None:
            phrase = statusCodes[code]
        Exception.__init__(self, "SIP error (%d): %s" % (code, phrase))
        self.code = code
        self.phrase = phrase


class RegistrationError(SIPError):
    """
    Registration was not possible.
    """


class Message:
    """
    A SIP message.
    """

    length = None

    def __init__(self):
        self.headers = OrderedDict()  # Map name to list of values
        self.body = ""
        self.finished = 0

    def addHeader(self, name, value):
        name = name.lower()
        name = longHeaders.get(name, name)
        if name == "content-length":
            self.length = int(value)
        self.headers.setdefault(name, []).append(value)

    def bodyDataReceived(self, data):
        self.body += data

    def creationFinished(self):
        if (self.length != None) and (self.length != len(self.body)):
            raise ValueError("wrong body length")
        self.finished = 1

    def toString(self):
        s = "%s\r\n" % self._getHeaderLine()
        for n, vs in self.headers.items():
            for v in vs:
                s += f"{specialCases.get(n) or dashCapitalize(n)}: {v}\r\n"
        s += "\r\n"
        s += self.body
        return s

    def _getHeaderLine(self):
        raise NotImplementedError


class Request(Message):
    """
    A Request for a URI
    """

    def __init__(self, method, uri, version="SIP/2.0"):
        Message.__init__(self)
        self.method = method
        if isinstance(uri, URL):
            self.uri = uri
        else:
            self.uri = parseURL(uri)
            cleanRequestURL(self.uri)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "<SIP Request %d:%s %s>" % (id(self), self.method, self.uri.toString())

    def _getHeaderLine(self):
        return f"{self.method} {self.uri.toString()} SIP/2.0"


class Response(Message):
    """
    A Response to a URI Request
    """

    def __init__(self, code, phrase=None, version="SIP/2.0"):
        Message.__init__(self)
        self.code = code
        if phrase == None:
            phrase = statusCodes[code]
        self.phrase = phrase

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "<SIP Response %d:%s>" % (id(self), self.code)

    def _getHeaderLine(self):
        return f"SIP/2.0 {self.code} {self.phrase}"


class MessagesParser(basic.LineReceiver):
    """
    A SIP messages parser.

    Expects dataReceived, dataDone repeatedly,
    in that order. Shouldn't be connected to actual transport.
    """

    version = "SIP/2.0"
    acceptResponses = 1
    acceptRequests = 1
    state = "firstline"  # Or "headers", "body" or "invalid"

    debug = 0

    def __init__(self, messageReceivedCallback):
        self.messageReceived = messageReceivedCallback
        self.reset()

    def reset(self, remainingData=""):
        self.state = "firstline"
        self.length = None  # Body length
        self.bodyReceived = 0  # How much of the body we received
        self.message = None
        self.header = None
        self.setLineMode(remainingData)

    def invalidMessage(self):
        self.state = "invalid"
        self.setRawMode()

    def dataDone(self):
        """
        Clear out any buffered data that may be hanging around.
        """
        self.clearLineBuffer()
        if self.state == "firstline":
            return
        if self.state != "body":
            self.reset()
            return
        if self.length == None:
            # No content-length header, so end of data signals message done
            self.messageDone()
        elif self.length < self.bodyReceived:
            # Aborted in the middle
            self.reset()
        else:
            # We have enough data and message wasn't finished? something is wrong
            raise RuntimeError("this should never happen")

    def dataReceived(self, data):
        try:
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("utf-8")
            basic.LineReceiver.dataReceived(self, data)
        except Exception:
            log.err()
            self.invalidMessage()

    def handleFirstLine(self, line):
        """
        Expected to create self.message.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def lineLengthExceeded(self, line):
        self.invalidMessage()

    def lineReceived(self, line):
        if isinstance(line, bytes):
            line = line.decode("utf-8")

        if self.state == "firstline":
            while line.startswith("\n") or line.startswith("\r"):
                line = line[1:]
            if not line:
                return
            try:
                a, b, c = line.split(" ", 2)
            except ValueError:
                self.invalidMessage()
                return
            if a == "SIP/2.0" and self.acceptResponses:
                # Response
                try:
                    code = int(b)
                except ValueError:
                    self.invalidMessage()
                    return
                self.message = Response(code, c)
            elif c == "SIP/2.0" and self.acceptRequests:
                self.message = Request(a, b)
            else:
                self.invalidMessage()
                return
            self.state = "headers"
            return
        else:
            assert self.state == "headers"
        if line:
            # Multiline header
            if line.startswith(" ") or line.startswith("\t"):
                name, value = self.header
                self.header = name, (value + line.lstrip())
            else:
                # New header
                if self.header:
                    self.message.addHeader(*self.header)
                    self.header = None
                try:
                    name, value = line.split(":", 1)
                except ValueError:
                    self.invalidMessage()
                    return
                self.header = name, value.lstrip()
                # XXX we assume content-length won't be multiline
                if name.lower() == "content-length":
                    try:
                        self.length = int(value.lstrip())
                    except ValueError:
                        self.invalidMessage()
                        return
        else:
            # CRLF, we now have message body until self.length bytes,
            # or if no length was given, until there is no more data
            # from the connection sending us data.
            self.state = "body"
            if self.header:
                self.message.addHeader(*self.header)
                self.header = None
            if self.length == 0:
                self.messageDone()
                return
            self.setRawMode()

    def messageDone(self, remainingData=""):
        assert self.state == "body"
        self.message.creationFinished()
        self.messageReceived(self.message)
        self.reset(remainingData)

    def rawDataReceived(self, data):
        assert self.state in ("body", "invalid")
        if isinstance(data, bytes):
            data = data.decode("utf-8")
        if self.state == "invalid":
            return
        if self.length == None:
            self.message.bodyDataReceived(data)
        else:
            dataLen = len(data)
            expectedLen = self.length - self.bodyReceived
            if dataLen > expectedLen:
                self.message.bodyDataReceived(data[:expectedLen])
                self.messageDone(data[expectedLen:])
                return
            else:
                self.bodyReceived += dataLen
                self.message.bodyDataReceived(data)
                if self.bodyReceived == self.length:
                    self.messageDone()


class Base(protocol.DatagramProtocol):
    """
    Base class for SIP clients and servers.
    """

    PORT = PORT
    debug = False

    def __init__(self):
        self.messages = []
        self.parser = MessagesParser(self.addMessage)

    def addMessage(self, msg):
        self.messages.append(msg)

    def datagramReceived(self, data, addr):
        self.parser.dataReceived(data)
        self.parser.dataDone()
        for m in self.messages:
            self._fixupNAT(m, addr)
            if self.debug:
                log.msg(f"Received {m.toString()!r} from {addr!r}")
            if isinstance(m, Request):
                self.handle_request(m, addr)
            else:
                self.handle_response(m, addr)
        self.messages[:] = []

    def _fixupNAT(self, message, sourcePeer):
        # RFC 2543 6.40.2,
        (srcHost, srcPort) = sourcePeer
        senderVia = parseViaHeader(message.headers["via"][0])
        if senderVia.host != srcHost:
            senderVia.received = srcHost
            if senderVia.port != srcPort:
                senderVia.rport = srcPort
            message.headers["via"][0] = senderVia.toString()
        elif senderVia.rport == True:
            senderVia.received = srcHost
            senderVia.rport = srcPort
            message.headers["via"][0] = senderVia.toString()

    def deliverResponse(self, responseMessage):
        """
        Deliver response.

        Destination is based on topmost Via header.
        """
        destVia = parseViaHeader(responseMessage.headers["via"][0])
        # XXX we don't do multicast yet
        host = destVia.received or destVia.host
        port = destVia.rport or destVia.port or self.PORT
        destAddr = URL(host=host, port=port)
        self.sendMessage(destAddr, responseMessage)

    def responseFromRequest(self, code, request):
        """
        Create a response to a request message.
        """
        response = Response(code)
        for name in ("via", "to", "from", "call-id", "cseq"):
            response.headers[name] = request.headers.get(name, [])[:]

        return response

    def sendMessage(self, destURL, message):
        """
        Send a message.

        @param destURL: C{URL}. This should be a *physical* URL, not a logical one.
        @param message: The message to send.
        """
        if destURL.transport not in ("udp", None):
            raise RuntimeError("only UDP currently supported")
        if self.debug:
            log.msg(f"Sending {message.toString()!r} to {destURL!r}")
        data = message.toString()
        if isinstance(data, str):
            data = data.encode("utf-8")
        self.transport.write(data, (destURL.host, destURL.port or self.PORT))

    def handle_request(self, message, addr):
        """
        Override to define behavior for requests received

        @type message: C{Message}
        @type addr: C{tuple}
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def handle_response(self, message, addr):
        """
        Override to define behavior for responses received.

        @type message: C{Message}
        @type addr: C{tuple}
        """
        raise NotImplementedError


class IContact(Interface):
    """
    A user of a registrar or proxy
    """


class Registration:
    def __init__(self, secondsToExpiry, contactURL):
        self.secondsToExpiry = secondsToExpiry
        self.contactURL = contactURL


class IRegistry(Interface):
    """
    Allows registration of logical->physical URL mapping.
    """

    def registerAddress(domainURL, logicalURL, physicalURL):
        """
        Register the physical address of a logical URL.

        @return: Deferred of C{Registration} or failure with RegistrationError.
        """

    def unregisterAddress(domainURL, logicalURL, physicalURL):
        """
        Unregister the physical address of a logical URL.

        @return: Deferred of C{Registration} or failure with RegistrationError.
        """

    def getRegistrationInfo(logicalURL):
        """
        Get registration info for logical URL.

        @return: Deferred of C{Registration} object or failure of LookupError.
        """


class ILocator(Interface):
    """
    Allow looking up physical address for logical URL.
    """

    def getAddress(logicalURL):
        """
        Return physical URL of server for logical URL of user.

        @param logicalURL: a logical C{URL}.
        @return: Deferred which becomes URL or fails with LookupError.
        """


class Proxy(Base):
    """
    SIP proxy.
    """

    PORT = PORT

    locator = None  # Object implementing ILocator

    def __init__(self, host=None, port=PORT):
        """
        Create new instance.

        @param host: our hostname/IP as set in Via headers.
        @param port: our port as set in Via headers.
        """
        self.host = host or socket.getfqdn()
        self.port = port
        Base.__init__(self)

    def getVia(self):
        """
        Return value of Via header for this proxy.
        """
        return Via(host=self.host, port=self.port)

    def handle_request(self, message, addr):
        # Send immediate 100/trying message before processing
        # self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(100, message))
        f = getattr(self, "handle_%s_request" % message.method, None)
        if f is None:
            f = self.handle_request_default
        try:
            d = f(message, addr)
        except SIPError as e:
            self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(e.code, message))
        except BaseException:
            log.err()
            self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(500, message))
        else:
            if d is not None:
                d.addErrback(
                    lambda e: self.deliverResponse(
                        self.responseFromRequest(e.code, message)
                    )
                )

    def handle_request_default(self, message, sourcePeer):
        """
        Default request handler.

        Default behaviour for OPTIONS and unknown methods for proxies
        is to forward message on to the client.

        Since at the moment we are stateless proxy, that's basically
        everything.
        """
        (srcHost, srcPort) = sourcePeer

        def _mungContactHeader(uri, message):
            message.headers["contact"][0] = uri.toString()
            return self.sendMessage(uri, message)

        viaHeader = self.getVia()
        if viaHeader.toString() in message.headers["via"]:
            # Must be a loop, so drop message
            log.msg("Dropping looped message.")
            return

        message.headers["via"].insert(0, viaHeader.toString())
        name, uri, tags = parseAddress(message.headers["to"][0], clean=1)

        # This is broken and needs refactoring to use cred
        d = self.locator.getAddress(uri)
        d.addCallback(self.sendMessage, message)
        d.addErrback(self._cantForwardRequest, message)

    def _cantForwardRequest(self, error, message):
        error.trap(LookupError)
        del message.headers["via"][0]  # This'll be us
        self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(404, message))

    def deliverResponse(self, responseMessage):
        """
        Deliver response.

        Destination is based on topmost Via header.
        """
        destVia = parseViaHeader(responseMessage.headers["via"][0])
        # XXX we don't do multicast yet
        host = destVia.received or destVia.host
        port = destVia.rport or destVia.port or self.PORT

        destAddr = URL(host=host, port=port)
        self.sendMessage(destAddr, responseMessage)

    def responseFromRequest(self, code, request):
        """
        Create a response to a request message.
        """
        response = Response(code)
        for name in ("via", "to", "from", "call-id", "cseq"):
            response.headers[name] = request.headers.get(name, [])[:]
        return response

    def handle_response(self, message, addr):
        """
        Default response handler.
        """
        v = parseViaHeader(message.headers["via"][0])
        if (v.host, v.port) != (self.host, self.port):
            # We got a message not intended for us?
            # XXX note this check breaks if we have multiple external IPs
            # yay for suck protocols
            log.msg("Dropping incorrectly addressed message")
            return
        del message.headers["via"][0]
        if not message.headers["via"]:
            # This message is addressed to us
            self.gotResponse(message, addr)
            return
        self.deliverResponse(message)

    def gotResponse(self, message, addr):
        """
        Called with responses that are addressed at this server.
        """
        pass


class IAuthorizer(Interface):
    def getChallenge(peer):
        """
        Generate a challenge the client may respond to.

        @type peer: C{tuple}
        @param peer: The client's address

        @rtype: C{str}
        @return: The challenge string
        """

    def decode(response):
        """
        Create a credentials object from the given response.

        @type response: C{str}
        """


class RegisterProxy(Proxy):
    """
    A proxy that allows registration for a specific domain.

    Unregistered users won't be handled.
    """

    portal = None

    registry = None  # Should implement IRegistry

    authorizers: Dict[str, IAuthorizer] = {}

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        Proxy.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
        self.liveChallenges = {}

    def handle_ACK_request(self, message, host_port):
        # XXX
        # ACKs are a client's way of indicating they got the last message
        # Responding to them is not a good idea.
        # However, we should keep track of terminal messages and re-transmit
        # if no ACK is received.
        (host, port) = host_port
        pass

    def handle_REGISTER_request(self, message, host_port):
        """
        Handle a registration request.

        Currently registration is not proxied.
        """
        (host, port) = host_port
        if self.portal is None:
            # There is no portal.  Let anyone in.
            self.register(message, host, port)
        else:
            # There is a portal.  Check for credentials.
            if "authorization" not in message.headers:
                return self.unauthorized(message, host, port)
            else:
                return self.login(message, host, port)

    def unauthorized(self, message, host, port):
        m = self.responseFromRequest(401, message)
        for scheme, auth in self.authorizers.items():
            chal = auth.getChallenge((host, port))
            if chal is None:
                value = f'{scheme.title()} realm="{self.host}"'
            else:
                value = f'{scheme.title()} {chal},realm="{self.host}"'
            m.headers.setdefault("www-authenticate", []).append(value)
        self.deliverResponse(m)

    def login(self, message, host, port):
        parts = message.headers["authorization"][0].split(None, 1)
        a = self.authorizers.get(parts[0].lower())
        if a:
            try:
                c = a.decode(parts[1])
            except SIPError:
                raise
            except BaseException:
                log.err()
                self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(500, message))
            else:
                c.username += "@" + self.host
                self.portal.login(c, None, IContact).addCallback(
                    self._cbLogin, message, host, port
                ).addErrback(self._ebLogin, message, host, port).addErrback(log.err)
        else:
            self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(501, message))

    def _cbLogin(self, i_a_l, message, host, port):
        # It's stateless, matey.  What a joke.
        (i, a, l) = i_a_l
        self.register(message, host, port)

    def _ebLogin(self, failure, message, host, port):
        failure.trap(cred.error.UnauthorizedLogin)
        self.unauthorized(message, host, port)

    def register(self, message, host, port):
        """
        Allow all users to register
        """
        name, toURL, params = parseAddress(message.headers["to"][0], clean=1)
        contact = None
        if "contact" in message.headers:
            contact = message.headers["contact"][0]

        if message.headers.get("expires", [None])[0] == "0":
            self.unregister(message, toURL, contact)
        else:
            # XXX Check expires on appropriate URL, and pass it to registry
            # instead of having registry hardcode it.
            if contact is not None:
                name, contactURL, params = parseAddress(contact, host=host, port=port)
                d = self.registry.registerAddress(message.uri, toURL, contactURL)
            else:
                d = self.registry.getRegistrationInfo(toURL)
            d.addCallbacks(
                self._cbRegister,
                self._ebRegister,
                callbackArgs=(message,),
                errbackArgs=(message,),
            )

    def _cbRegister(self, registration, message):
        response = self.responseFromRequest(200, message)
        if registration.contactURL != None:
            response.addHeader("contact", registration.contactURL.toString())
            response.addHeader("expires", "%d" % registration.secondsToExpiry)
        response.addHeader("content-length", "0")
        self.deliverResponse(response)

    def _ebRegister(self, error, message):
        error.trap(RegistrationError, LookupError)
        # XXX return error message, and alter tests to deal with
        # this, currently tests assume no message sent on failure

    def unregister(self, message, toURL, contact):
        try:
            expires = int(message.headers["expires"][0])
        except ValueError:
            self.deliverResponse(self.responseFromRequest(400, message))
        else:
            if expires == 0:
                if contact == "*":
                    contactURL = "*"
                else:
                    name, contactURL, params = parseAddress(contact)
                d = self.registry.unregisterAddress(message.uri, toURL, contactURL)
                d.addCallback(self._cbUnregister, message).addErrback(
                    self._ebUnregister, message
                )

    def _cbUnregister(self, registration, message):
        msg = self.responseFromRequest(200, message)
        msg.headers.setdefault("contact", []).append(registration.contactURL.toString())
        msg.addHeader("expires", "0")
        self.deliverResponse(msg)

    def _ebUnregister(self, registration, message):
        pass


@implementer(IRegistry, ILocator)
class InMemoryRegistry:
    """
    A simplistic registry for a specific domain.
    """

    def __init__(self, domain):
        self.domain = domain  # The domain we handle registration for
        self.users = {}  # Map username to (IDelayedCall for expiry, address URI)

    def getAddress(self, userURI):
        if userURI.host != self.domain:
            return defer.fail(LookupError("unknown domain"))
        if userURI.username in self.users:
            dc, url = self.users[userURI.username]
            return defer.succeed(url)
        else:
            return defer.fail(LookupError("no such user"))

    def getRegistrationInfo(self, userURI):
        if userURI.host != self.domain:
            return defer.fail(LookupError("unknown domain"))
        if userURI.username in self.users:
            dc, url = self.users[userURI.username]
            return defer.succeed(Registration(int(dc.getTime() - time.time()), url))
        else:
            return defer.fail(LookupError("no such user"))

    def _expireRegistration(self, username):
        try:
            dc, url = self.users[username]
        except KeyError:
            return defer.fail(LookupError("no such user"))
        else:
            dc.cancel()
            del self.users[username]
        return defer.succeed(Registration(0, url))

    def registerAddress(self, domainURL, logicalURL, physicalURL):
        if domainURL.host != self.domain:
            log.msg("Registration for domain we don't handle.")
            return defer.fail(RegistrationError(404))
        if logicalURL.host != self.domain:
            log.msg("Registration for domain we don't handle.")
            return defer.fail(RegistrationError(404))
        if logicalURL.username in self.users:
            dc, old = self.users[logicalURL.username]
            dc.reset(3600)
        else:
            dc = reactor.callLater(3600, self._expireRegistration, logicalURL.username)
        log.msg(f"Registered {logicalURL.toString()} at {physicalURL.toString()}")
        self.users[logicalURL.username] = (dc, physicalURL)
        return defer.succeed(Registration(int(dc.getTime() - time.time()), physicalURL))

    def unregisterAddress(self, domainURL, logicalURL, physicalURL):
        return self._expireRegistration(logicalURL.username)
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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