Current File : //proc/self/root/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/s3transfer/upload.py
# Copyright 2016 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"). You
# may not use this file except in compliance with the License. A copy of
# the License is located at
#
# http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0/
#
# or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is
# distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
# ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific
# language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
import math
from io import BytesIO

from s3transfer.compat import readable, seekable
from s3transfer.futures import IN_MEMORY_UPLOAD_TAG
from s3transfer.tasks import (
    CompleteMultipartUploadTask,
    CreateMultipartUploadTask,
    SubmissionTask,
    Task,
)
from s3transfer.utils import (
    ChunksizeAdjuster,
    DeferredOpenFile,
    get_callbacks,
    get_filtered_dict,
)


class AggregatedProgressCallback:
    def __init__(self, callbacks, threshold=1024 * 256):
        """Aggregates progress updates for every provided progress callback

        :type callbacks: A list of functions that accepts bytes_transferred
            as a single argument
        :param callbacks: The callbacks to invoke when threshold is reached

        :type threshold: int
        :param threshold: The progress threshold in which to take the
            aggregated progress and invoke the progress callback with that
            aggregated progress total
        """
        self._callbacks = callbacks
        self._threshold = threshold
        self._bytes_seen = 0

    def __call__(self, bytes_transferred):
        self._bytes_seen += bytes_transferred
        if self._bytes_seen >= self._threshold:
            self._trigger_callbacks()

    def flush(self):
        """Flushes out any progress that has not been sent to its callbacks"""
        if self._bytes_seen > 0:
            self._trigger_callbacks()

    def _trigger_callbacks(self):
        for callback in self._callbacks:
            callback(bytes_transferred=self._bytes_seen)
        self._bytes_seen = 0


class InterruptReader:
    """Wrapper that can interrupt reading using an error

    It uses a transfer coordinator to propagate an error if it notices
    that a read is being made while the file is being read from.

    :type fileobj: file-like obj
    :param fileobj: The file-like object to read from

    :type transfer_coordinator: s3transfer.futures.TransferCoordinator
    :param transfer_coordinator: The transfer coordinator to use if the
        reader needs to be interrupted.
    """

    def __init__(self, fileobj, transfer_coordinator):
        self._fileobj = fileobj
        self._transfer_coordinator = transfer_coordinator

    def read(self, amount=None):
        # If there is an exception, then raise the exception.
        # We raise an error instead of returning no bytes because for
        # requests where the content length and md5 was sent, it will
        # cause md5 mismatches and retries as there was no indication that
        # the stream being read from encountered any issues.
        if self._transfer_coordinator.exception:
            raise self._transfer_coordinator.exception
        return self._fileobj.read(amount)

    def seek(self, where, whence=0):
        self._fileobj.seek(where, whence)

    def tell(self):
        return self._fileobj.tell()

    def close(self):
        self._fileobj.close()

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.close()


class UploadInputManager:
    """Base manager class for handling various types of files for uploads

    This class is typically used for the UploadSubmissionTask class to help
    determine the following:

        * How to determine the size of the file
        * How to determine if a multipart upload is required
        * How to retrieve the body for a PutObject
        * How to retrieve the bodies for a set of UploadParts

    The answers/implementations differ for the various types of file inputs
    that may be accepted. All implementations must subclass and override
    public methods from this class.
    """

    def __init__(self, osutil, transfer_coordinator, bandwidth_limiter=None):
        self._osutil = osutil
        self._transfer_coordinator = transfer_coordinator
        self._bandwidth_limiter = bandwidth_limiter

    @classmethod
    def is_compatible(cls, upload_source):
        """Determines if the source for the upload is compatible with manager

        :param upload_source: The source for which the upload will pull data
            from.

        :returns: True if the manager can handle the type of source specified
            otherwise returns False.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement _is_compatible()')

    def stores_body_in_memory(self, operation_name):
        """Whether the body it provides are stored in-memory

        :type operation_name: str
        :param operation_name: The name of the client operation that the body
            is being used for. Valid operation_names are ``put_object`` and
            ``upload_part``.

        :rtype: boolean
        :returns: True if the body returned by the manager will be stored in
            memory. False if the manager will not directly store the body in
            memory.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement store_body_in_memory()')

    def provide_transfer_size(self, transfer_future):
        """Provides the transfer size of an upload

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The future associated with upload request
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement provide_transfer_size()')

    def requires_multipart_upload(self, transfer_future, config):
        """Determines where a multipart upload is required

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The future associated with upload request

        :type config: s3transfer.manager.TransferConfig
        :param config: The config associated to the transfer manager

        :rtype: boolean
        :returns: True, if the upload should be multipart based on
            configuration and size. False, otherwise.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement requires_multipart_upload()')

    def get_put_object_body(self, transfer_future):
        """Returns the body to use for PutObject

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The future associated with upload request

        :type config: s3transfer.manager.TransferConfig
        :param config: The config associated to the transfer manager

        :rtype: s3transfer.utils.ReadFileChunk
        :returns: A ReadFileChunk including all progress callbacks
            associated with the transfer future.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement get_put_object_body()')

    def yield_upload_part_bodies(self, transfer_future, chunksize):
        """Yields the part number and body to use for each UploadPart

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The future associated with upload request

        :type chunksize: int
        :param chunksize: The chunksize to use for this upload.

        :rtype: int, s3transfer.utils.ReadFileChunk
        :returns: Yields the part number and the ReadFileChunk including all
            progress callbacks associated with the transfer future for that
            specific yielded part.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('must implement yield_upload_part_bodies()')

    def _wrap_fileobj(self, fileobj):
        fileobj = InterruptReader(fileobj, self._transfer_coordinator)
        if self._bandwidth_limiter:
            fileobj = self._bandwidth_limiter.get_bandwith_limited_stream(
                fileobj, self._transfer_coordinator, enabled=False
            )
        return fileobj

    def _get_progress_callbacks(self, transfer_future):
        callbacks = get_callbacks(transfer_future, 'progress')
        # We only want to be wrapping the callbacks if there are callbacks to
        # invoke because we do not want to be doing any unnecessary work if
        # there are no callbacks to invoke.
        if callbacks:
            return [AggregatedProgressCallback(callbacks)]
        return []

    def _get_close_callbacks(self, aggregated_progress_callbacks):
        return [callback.flush for callback in aggregated_progress_callbacks]


class UploadFilenameInputManager(UploadInputManager):
    """Upload utility for filenames"""

    @classmethod
    def is_compatible(cls, upload_source):
        return isinstance(upload_source, str)

    def stores_body_in_memory(self, operation_name):
        return False

    def provide_transfer_size(self, transfer_future):
        transfer_future.meta.provide_transfer_size(
            self._osutil.get_file_size(transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj)
        )

    def requires_multipart_upload(self, transfer_future, config):
        return transfer_future.meta.size >= config.multipart_threshold

    def get_put_object_body(self, transfer_future):
        # Get a file-like object for the given input
        fileobj, full_size = self._get_put_object_fileobj_with_full_size(
            transfer_future
        )

        # Wrap fileobj with interrupt reader that will quickly cancel
        # uploads if needed instead of having to wait for the socket
        # to completely read all of the data.
        fileobj = self._wrap_fileobj(fileobj)

        callbacks = self._get_progress_callbacks(transfer_future)
        close_callbacks = self._get_close_callbacks(callbacks)
        size = transfer_future.meta.size
        # Return the file-like object wrapped into a ReadFileChunk to get
        # progress.
        return self._osutil.open_file_chunk_reader_from_fileobj(
            fileobj=fileobj,
            chunk_size=size,
            full_file_size=full_size,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            close_callbacks=close_callbacks,
        )

    def yield_upload_part_bodies(self, transfer_future, chunksize):
        full_file_size = transfer_future.meta.size
        num_parts = self._get_num_parts(transfer_future, chunksize)
        for part_number in range(1, num_parts + 1):
            callbacks = self._get_progress_callbacks(transfer_future)
            close_callbacks = self._get_close_callbacks(callbacks)
            start_byte = chunksize * (part_number - 1)
            # Get a file-like object for that part and the size of the full
            # file size for the associated file-like object for that part.
            fileobj, full_size = self._get_upload_part_fileobj_with_full_size(
                transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj,
                start_byte=start_byte,
                part_size=chunksize,
                full_file_size=full_file_size,
            )

            # Wrap fileobj with interrupt reader that will quickly cancel
            # uploads if needed instead of having to wait for the socket
            # to completely read all of the data.
            fileobj = self._wrap_fileobj(fileobj)

            # Wrap the file-like object into a ReadFileChunk to get progress.
            read_file_chunk = self._osutil.open_file_chunk_reader_from_fileobj(
                fileobj=fileobj,
                chunk_size=chunksize,
                full_file_size=full_size,
                callbacks=callbacks,
                close_callbacks=close_callbacks,
            )
            yield part_number, read_file_chunk

    def _get_deferred_open_file(self, fileobj, start_byte):
        fileobj = DeferredOpenFile(
            fileobj, start_byte, open_function=self._osutil.open
        )
        return fileobj

    def _get_put_object_fileobj_with_full_size(self, transfer_future):
        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        size = transfer_future.meta.size
        return self._get_deferred_open_file(fileobj, 0), size

    def _get_upload_part_fileobj_with_full_size(self, fileobj, **kwargs):
        start_byte = kwargs['start_byte']
        full_size = kwargs['full_file_size']
        return self._get_deferred_open_file(fileobj, start_byte), full_size

    def _get_num_parts(self, transfer_future, part_size):
        return int(math.ceil(transfer_future.meta.size / float(part_size)))


class UploadSeekableInputManager(UploadFilenameInputManager):
    """Upload utility for an open file object"""

    @classmethod
    def is_compatible(cls, upload_source):
        return readable(upload_source) and seekable(upload_source)

    def stores_body_in_memory(self, operation_name):
        if operation_name == 'put_object':
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def provide_transfer_size(self, transfer_future):
        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        # To determine size, first determine the starting position
        # Seek to the end and then find the difference in the length
        # between the end and start positions.
        start_position = fileobj.tell()
        fileobj.seek(0, 2)
        end_position = fileobj.tell()
        fileobj.seek(start_position)
        transfer_future.meta.provide_transfer_size(
            end_position - start_position
        )

    def _get_upload_part_fileobj_with_full_size(self, fileobj, **kwargs):
        # Note: It is unfortunate that in order to do a multithreaded
        # multipart upload we cannot simply copy the filelike object
        # since there is not really a mechanism in python (i.e. os.dup
        # points to the same OS filehandle which causes concurrency
        # issues). So instead we need to read from the fileobj and
        # chunk the data out to separate file-like objects in memory.
        data = fileobj.read(kwargs['part_size'])
        # We return the length of the data instead of the full_file_size
        # because we partitioned the data into separate BytesIO objects
        # meaning the BytesIO object has no knowledge of its start position
        # relative the input source nor access to the rest of the input
        # source. So we must treat it as its own standalone file.
        return BytesIO(data), len(data)

    def _get_put_object_fileobj_with_full_size(self, transfer_future):
        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        # The current position needs to be taken into account when retrieving
        # the full size of the file.
        size = fileobj.tell() + transfer_future.meta.size
        return fileobj, size


class UploadNonSeekableInputManager(UploadInputManager):
    """Upload utility for a file-like object that cannot seek."""

    def __init__(self, osutil, transfer_coordinator, bandwidth_limiter=None):
        super().__init__(osutil, transfer_coordinator, bandwidth_limiter)
        self._initial_data = b''

    @classmethod
    def is_compatible(cls, upload_source):
        return readable(upload_source)

    def stores_body_in_memory(self, operation_name):
        return True

    def provide_transfer_size(self, transfer_future):
        # No-op because there is no way to do this short of reading the entire
        # body into memory.
        return

    def requires_multipart_upload(self, transfer_future, config):
        # If the user has set the size, we can use that.
        if transfer_future.meta.size is not None:
            return transfer_future.meta.size >= config.multipart_threshold

        # This is tricky to determine in this case because we can't know how
        # large the input is. So to figure it out, we read data into memory
        # up until the threshold and compare how much data was actually read
        # against the threshold.
        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        threshold = config.multipart_threshold
        self._initial_data = self._read(fileobj, threshold, False)
        if len(self._initial_data) < threshold:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def get_put_object_body(self, transfer_future):
        callbacks = self._get_progress_callbacks(transfer_future)
        close_callbacks = self._get_close_callbacks(callbacks)
        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj

        body = self._wrap_data(
            self._initial_data + fileobj.read(), callbacks, close_callbacks
        )

        # Zero out the stored data so we don't have additional copies
        # hanging around in memory.
        self._initial_data = None
        return body

    def yield_upload_part_bodies(self, transfer_future, chunksize):
        file_object = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        part_number = 0

        # Continue reading parts from the file-like object until it is empty.
        while True:
            callbacks = self._get_progress_callbacks(transfer_future)
            close_callbacks = self._get_close_callbacks(callbacks)
            part_number += 1
            part_content = self._read(file_object, chunksize)
            if not part_content:
                break
            part_object = self._wrap_data(
                part_content, callbacks, close_callbacks
            )

            # Zero out part_content to avoid hanging on to additional data.
            part_content = None
            yield part_number, part_object

    def _read(self, fileobj, amount, truncate=True):
        """
        Reads a specific amount of data from a stream and returns it. If there
        is any data in initial_data, that will be popped out first.

        :type fileobj: A file-like object that implements read
        :param fileobj: The stream to read from.

        :type amount: int
        :param amount: The number of bytes to read from the stream.

        :type truncate: bool
        :param truncate: Whether or not to truncate initial_data after
            reading from it.

        :return: Generator which generates part bodies from the initial data.
        """
        # If the the initial data is empty, we simply read from the fileobj
        if len(self._initial_data) == 0:
            return fileobj.read(amount)

        # If the requested number of bytes is less than the amount of
        # initial data, pull entirely from initial data.
        if amount <= len(self._initial_data):
            data = self._initial_data[:amount]
            # Truncate initial data so we don't hang onto the data longer
            # than we need.
            if truncate:
                self._initial_data = self._initial_data[amount:]
            return data

        # At this point there is some initial data left, but not enough to
        # satisfy the number of bytes requested. Pull out the remaining
        # initial data and read the rest from the fileobj.
        amount_to_read = amount - len(self._initial_data)
        data = self._initial_data + fileobj.read(amount_to_read)

        # Zero out initial data so we don't hang onto the data any more.
        if truncate:
            self._initial_data = b''
        return data

    def _wrap_data(self, data, callbacks, close_callbacks):
        """
        Wraps data with the interrupt reader and the file chunk reader.

        :type data: bytes
        :param data: The data to wrap.

        :type callbacks: list
        :param callbacks: The callbacks associated with the transfer future.

        :type close_callbacks: list
        :param close_callbacks: The callbacks to be called when closing the
            wrapper for the data.

        :return: Fully wrapped data.
        """
        fileobj = self._wrap_fileobj(BytesIO(data))
        return self._osutil.open_file_chunk_reader_from_fileobj(
            fileobj=fileobj,
            chunk_size=len(data),
            full_file_size=len(data),
            callbacks=callbacks,
            close_callbacks=close_callbacks,
        )


class UploadSubmissionTask(SubmissionTask):
    """Task for submitting tasks to execute an upload"""

    UPLOAD_PART_ARGS = [
        'ChecksumAlgorithm',
        'SSECustomerKey',
        'SSECustomerAlgorithm',
        'SSECustomerKeyMD5',
        'RequestPayer',
        'ExpectedBucketOwner',
    ]

    COMPLETE_MULTIPART_ARGS = [
        'SSECustomerKey',
        'SSECustomerAlgorithm',
        'SSECustomerKeyMD5',
        'RequestPayer',
        'ExpectedBucketOwner',
    ]

    def _get_upload_input_manager_cls(self, transfer_future):
        """Retrieves a class for managing input for an upload based on file type

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The transfer future for the request

        :rtype: class of UploadInputManager
        :returns: The appropriate class to use for managing a specific type of
            input for uploads.
        """
        upload_manager_resolver_chain = [
            UploadFilenameInputManager,
            UploadSeekableInputManager,
            UploadNonSeekableInputManager,
        ]

        fileobj = transfer_future.meta.call_args.fileobj
        for upload_manager_cls in upload_manager_resolver_chain:
            if upload_manager_cls.is_compatible(fileobj):
                return upload_manager_cls
        raise RuntimeError(
            'Input {} of type: {} is not supported.'.format(
                fileobj, type(fileobj)
            )
        )

    def _submit(
        self,
        client,
        config,
        osutil,
        request_executor,
        transfer_future,
        bandwidth_limiter=None,
    ):
        """
        :param client: The client associated with the transfer manager

        :type config: s3transfer.manager.TransferConfig
        :param config: The transfer config associated with the transfer
            manager

        :type osutil: s3transfer.utils.OSUtil
        :param osutil: The os utility associated to the transfer manager

        :type request_executor: s3transfer.futures.BoundedExecutor
        :param request_executor: The request executor associated with the
            transfer manager

        :type transfer_future: s3transfer.futures.TransferFuture
        :param transfer_future: The transfer future associated with the
            transfer request that tasks are being submitted for
        """
        upload_input_manager = self._get_upload_input_manager_cls(
            transfer_future
        )(osutil, self._transfer_coordinator, bandwidth_limiter)

        # Determine the size if it was not provided
        if transfer_future.meta.size is None:
            upload_input_manager.provide_transfer_size(transfer_future)

        # Do a multipart upload if needed, otherwise do a regular put object.
        if not upload_input_manager.requires_multipart_upload(
            transfer_future, config
        ):
            self._submit_upload_request(
                client,
                config,
                osutil,
                request_executor,
                transfer_future,
                upload_input_manager,
            )
        else:
            self._submit_multipart_request(
                client,
                config,
                osutil,
                request_executor,
                transfer_future,
                upload_input_manager,
            )

    def _submit_upload_request(
        self,
        client,
        config,
        osutil,
        request_executor,
        transfer_future,
        upload_input_manager,
    ):
        call_args = transfer_future.meta.call_args

        # Get any tags that need to be associated to the put object task
        put_object_tag = self._get_upload_task_tag(
            upload_input_manager, 'put_object'
        )

        # Submit the request of a single upload.
        self._transfer_coordinator.submit(
            request_executor,
            PutObjectTask(
                transfer_coordinator=self._transfer_coordinator,
                main_kwargs={
                    'client': client,
                    'fileobj': upload_input_manager.get_put_object_body(
                        transfer_future
                    ),
                    'bucket': call_args.bucket,
                    'key': call_args.key,
                    'extra_args': call_args.extra_args,
                },
                is_final=True,
            ),
            tag=put_object_tag,
        )

    def _submit_multipart_request(
        self,
        client,
        config,
        osutil,
        request_executor,
        transfer_future,
        upload_input_manager,
    ):
        call_args = transfer_future.meta.call_args

        # Submit the request to create a multipart upload.
        create_multipart_future = self._transfer_coordinator.submit(
            request_executor,
            CreateMultipartUploadTask(
                transfer_coordinator=self._transfer_coordinator,
                main_kwargs={
                    'client': client,
                    'bucket': call_args.bucket,
                    'key': call_args.key,
                    'extra_args': call_args.extra_args,
                },
            ),
        )

        # Submit requests to upload the parts of the file.
        part_futures = []
        extra_part_args = self._extra_upload_part_args(call_args.extra_args)

        # Get any tags that need to be associated to the submitted task
        # for upload the data
        upload_part_tag = self._get_upload_task_tag(
            upload_input_manager, 'upload_part'
        )

        size = transfer_future.meta.size
        adjuster = ChunksizeAdjuster()
        chunksize = adjuster.adjust_chunksize(config.multipart_chunksize, size)
        part_iterator = upload_input_manager.yield_upload_part_bodies(
            transfer_future, chunksize
        )

        for part_number, fileobj in part_iterator:
            part_futures.append(
                self._transfer_coordinator.submit(
                    request_executor,
                    UploadPartTask(
                        transfer_coordinator=self._transfer_coordinator,
                        main_kwargs={
                            'client': client,
                            'fileobj': fileobj,
                            'bucket': call_args.bucket,
                            'key': call_args.key,
                            'part_number': part_number,
                            'extra_args': extra_part_args,
                        },
                        pending_main_kwargs={
                            'upload_id': create_multipart_future
                        },
                    ),
                    tag=upload_part_tag,
                )
            )

        complete_multipart_extra_args = self._extra_complete_multipart_args(
            call_args.extra_args
        )
        # Submit the request to complete the multipart upload.
        self._transfer_coordinator.submit(
            request_executor,
            CompleteMultipartUploadTask(
                transfer_coordinator=self._transfer_coordinator,
                main_kwargs={
                    'client': client,
                    'bucket': call_args.bucket,
                    'key': call_args.key,
                    'extra_args': complete_multipart_extra_args,
                },
                pending_main_kwargs={
                    'upload_id': create_multipart_future,
                    'parts': part_futures,
                },
                is_final=True,
            ),
        )

    def _extra_upload_part_args(self, extra_args):
        # Only the args in UPLOAD_PART_ARGS actually need to be passed
        # onto the upload_part calls.
        return get_filtered_dict(extra_args, self.UPLOAD_PART_ARGS)

    def _extra_complete_multipart_args(self, extra_args):
        return get_filtered_dict(extra_args, self.COMPLETE_MULTIPART_ARGS)

    def _get_upload_task_tag(self, upload_input_manager, operation_name):
        tag = None
        if upload_input_manager.stores_body_in_memory(operation_name):
            tag = IN_MEMORY_UPLOAD_TAG
        return tag


class PutObjectTask(Task):
    """Task to do a nonmultipart upload"""

    def _main(self, client, fileobj, bucket, key, extra_args):
        """
        :param client: The client to use when calling PutObject
        :param fileobj: The file to upload.
        :param bucket: The name of the bucket to upload to
        :param key: The name of the key to upload to
        :param extra_args: A dictionary of any extra arguments that may be
            used in the upload.
        """
        with fileobj as body:
            client.put_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key, Body=body, **extra_args)


class UploadPartTask(Task):
    """Task to upload a part in a multipart upload"""

    def _main(
        self, client, fileobj, bucket, key, upload_id, part_number, extra_args
    ):
        """
        :param client: The client to use when calling PutObject
        :param fileobj: The file to upload.
        :param bucket: The name of the bucket to upload to
        :param key: The name of the key to upload to
        :param upload_id: The id of the upload
        :param part_number: The number representing the part of the multipart
            upload
        :param extra_args: A dictionary of any extra arguments that may be
            used in the upload.

        :rtype: dict
        :returns: A dictionary representing a part::

            {'Etag': etag_value, 'PartNumber': part_number}

            This value can be appended to a list to be used to complete
            the multipart upload.
        """
        with fileobj as body:
            response = client.upload_part(
                Bucket=bucket,
                Key=key,
                UploadId=upload_id,
                PartNumber=part_number,
                Body=body,
                **extra_args,
            )
        etag = response['ETag']
        part_metadata = {'ETag': etag, 'PartNumber': part_number}
        if 'ChecksumAlgorithm' in extra_args:
            algorithm_name = extra_args['ChecksumAlgorithm'].upper()
            checksum_member = f'Checksum{algorithm_name}'
            if checksum_member in response:
                part_metadata[checksum_member] = response[checksum_member]
        return part_metadata
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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