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"""Tools for checking certificate revocation."""
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
import logging
import re
import subprocess
from subprocess import PIPE
from typing import Optional
from typing import Tuple
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature
from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.x509 import ocsp
import pytz
import requests
from certbot import crypto_util
from certbot import errors
from certbot import util
from certbot.compat.os import getenv
from certbot.interfaces import RenewableCert
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class RevocationChecker:
"""This class figures out OCSP checking on this system, and performs it."""
def __init__(self, enforce_openssl_binary_usage: bool = False) -> None:
self.broken = False
self.use_openssl_binary = enforce_openssl_binary_usage
if self.use_openssl_binary:
if not util.exe_exists("openssl"):
logger.info("openssl not installed, can't check revocation")
self.broken = True
return
# New versions of openssl want -header var=val, old ones want -header var val
test_host_format = subprocess.run(["openssl", "ocsp", "-header", "var", "val"],
stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, universal_newlines=True,
check=False, env=util.env_no_snap_for_external_calls())
if "Missing =" in test_host_format.stderr:
self.host_args = lambda host: ["Host=" + host]
else:
self.host_args = lambda host: ["Host", host]
def ocsp_revoked(self, cert: RenewableCert) -> bool:
"""Get revoked status for a particular cert version.
.. todo:: Make this a non-blocking call
:param `.interfaces.RenewableCert` cert: Certificate object
:returns: True if revoked; False if valid or the check failed or cert is expired.
:rtype: bool
"""
return self.ocsp_revoked_by_paths(cert.cert_path, cert.chain_path)
def ocsp_revoked_by_paths(self, cert_path: str, chain_path: str, timeout: int = 10) -> bool:
"""Performs the OCSP revocation check
:param str cert_path: Certificate filepath
:param str chain_path: Certificate chain
:param int timeout: Timeout (in seconds) for the OCSP query
:returns: True if revoked; False if valid or the check failed or cert is expired.
:rtype: bool
"""
if self.broken:
return False
# Let's Encrypt doesn't update OCSP for expired certificates,
# so don't check OCSP if the cert is expired.
# https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/7152
now = datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
if crypto_util.notAfter(cert_path) <= now:
return False
url, host = _determine_ocsp_server(cert_path)
if not host or not url:
return False
if self.use_openssl_binary:
return self._check_ocsp_openssl_bin(cert_path, chain_path, host, url, timeout)
return _check_ocsp_cryptography(cert_path, chain_path, url, timeout)
def _check_ocsp_openssl_bin(self, cert_path: str, chain_path: str,
host: str, url: str, timeout: int) -> bool:
# Minimal implementation of proxy selection logic as seen in, e.g., cURL
# Some things that won't work, but may well be in use somewhere:
# - username and password for proxy authentication
# - proxies accepting TLS connections
# - proxy exclusion through NO_PROXY
env_http_proxy = getenv('http_proxy')
env_HTTP_PROXY = getenv('HTTP_PROXY')
proxy_host = None
if env_http_proxy is not None or env_HTTP_PROXY is not None:
proxy_host = env_http_proxy if env_http_proxy is not None else env_HTTP_PROXY
if proxy_host is None:
url_opts = ["-url", url]
else:
if proxy_host.startswith('http://'):
proxy_host = proxy_host[len('http://'):]
url_opts = ["-host", proxy_host, "-path", url]
# jdkasten thanks "Bulletproof SSL and TLS - Ivan Ristic" for documenting this!
cmd = ["openssl", "ocsp",
"-no_nonce",
"-issuer", chain_path,
"-cert", cert_path,
"-CAfile", chain_path,
"-verify_other", chain_path,
"-trust_other",
"-timeout", str(timeout),
"-header"] + self.host_args(host) + url_opts
logger.debug("Querying OCSP for %s", cert_path)
logger.debug(" ".join(cmd))
try:
output, err = util.run_script(cmd, log=logger.debug)
except errors.SubprocessError:
logger.info("OCSP check failed for %s (are we offline?)", cert_path)
return False
return _translate_ocsp_query(cert_path, output, err)
def _determine_ocsp_server(cert_path: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
"""Extract the OCSP server host from a certificate.
:param str cert_path: Path to the cert we're checking OCSP for
:rtype tuple:
:returns: (OCSP server URL or None, OCSP server host or None)
"""
with open(cert_path, 'rb') as file_handler:
cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(file_handler.read(), default_backend())
try:
extension = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.AuthorityInformationAccess)
ocsp_oid = x509.AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP
descriptions = [description for description in extension.value
if description.access_method == ocsp_oid]
url = descriptions[0].access_location.value
except (x509.ExtensionNotFound, IndexError):
logger.info("Cannot extract OCSP URI from %s", cert_path)
return None, None
url = url.rstrip()
host = url.partition("://")[2].rstrip("/")
if host:
return url, host
logger.info("Cannot process OCSP host from URL (%s) in certificate at %s", url, cert_path)
return None, None
def _check_ocsp_cryptography(cert_path: str, chain_path: str, url: str, timeout: int) -> bool:
# Retrieve OCSP response
with open(chain_path, 'rb') as file_handler:
issuer = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(file_handler.read(), default_backend())
with open(cert_path, 'rb') as file_handler:
cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(file_handler.read(), default_backend())
builder = ocsp.OCSPRequestBuilder()
builder = builder.add_certificate(cert, issuer, hashes.SHA1())
request = builder.build()
request_binary = request.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.DER)
try:
response = requests.post(url, data=request_binary,
headers={'Content-Type': 'application/ocsp-request'},
timeout=timeout)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
logger.info("OCSP check failed for %s (are we offline?)", cert_path, exc_info=True)
return False
if response.status_code != 200:
logger.info("OCSP check failed for %s (HTTP status: %d)", cert_path, response.status_code)
return False
response_ocsp = ocsp.load_der_ocsp_response(response.content)
# Check OCSP response validity
if response_ocsp.response_status != ocsp.OCSPResponseStatus.SUCCESSFUL:
logger.warning("Invalid OCSP response status for %s: %s",
cert_path, response_ocsp.response_status)
return False
# Check OCSP signature
try:
_check_ocsp_response(response_ocsp, request, issuer, cert_path)
except UnsupportedAlgorithm as e:
logger.warning(str(e))
except errors.Error as e:
logger.warning(str(e))
except InvalidSignature:
logger.warning('Invalid signature on OCSP response for %s', cert_path)
except AssertionError as error:
logger.warning('Invalid OCSP response for %s: %s.', cert_path, str(error))
else:
# Check OCSP certificate status
logger.debug("OCSP certificate status for %s is: %s",
cert_path, response_ocsp.certificate_status)
return response_ocsp.certificate_status == ocsp.OCSPCertStatus.REVOKED
return False
def _check_ocsp_response(response_ocsp: 'ocsp.OCSPResponse', request_ocsp: 'ocsp.OCSPRequest',
issuer_cert: x509.Certificate, cert_path: str) -> None:
"""Verify that the OCSP is valid for several criteria"""
# Assert OCSP response corresponds to the certificate we are talking about
if response_ocsp.serial_number != request_ocsp.serial_number:
raise AssertionError('the certificate in response does not correspond '
'to the certificate in request')
# Assert signature is valid
_check_ocsp_response_signature(response_ocsp, issuer_cert, cert_path)
# Assert issuer in response is the expected one
if (not isinstance(response_ocsp.hash_algorithm, type(request_ocsp.hash_algorithm))
or response_ocsp.issuer_key_hash != request_ocsp.issuer_key_hash
or response_ocsp.issuer_name_hash != request_ocsp.issuer_name_hash):
raise AssertionError('the issuer does not correspond to issuer of the certificate.')
# In following checks, two situations can occur:
# * nextUpdate is set, and requirement is thisUpdate < now < nextUpdate
# * nextUpdate is not set, and requirement is thisUpdate < now
# NB1: We add a validity period tolerance to handle clock time inconsistencies,
# value is 5 min like for OpenSSL.
# NB2: Another check is to verify that thisUpdate is not too old, it is optional
# for OpenSSL, so we do not do it here.
# See OpenSSL implementation as a reference:
# https://github.com/openssl/openssl/blob/ef45aa14c5af024fcb8bef1c9007f3d1c115bd85/crypto/ocsp/ocsp_cl.c#L338-L391
# thisUpdate/nextUpdate are expressed in UTC/GMT time zone
now = datetime.now(pytz.UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
if not response_ocsp.this_update:
raise AssertionError('param thisUpdate is not set.')
if response_ocsp.this_update > now + timedelta(minutes=5):
raise AssertionError('param thisUpdate is in the future.')
if response_ocsp.next_update and response_ocsp.next_update < now - timedelta(minutes=5):
raise AssertionError('param nextUpdate is in the past.')
def _check_ocsp_response_signature(response_ocsp: 'ocsp.OCSPResponse',
issuer_cert: x509.Certificate, cert_path: str) -> None:
"""Verify an OCSP response signature against certificate issuer or responder"""
def _key_hash(cert: x509.Certificate) -> bytes:
return x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(cert.public_key()).digest
if (response_ocsp.responder_name == issuer_cert.subject
or response_ocsp.responder_key_hash == _key_hash(issuer_cert)):
# Case where the OCSP responder is also the certificate issuer
logger.debug('OCSP response for certificate %s is signed by the certificate\'s issuer.',
cert_path)
responder_cert = issuer_cert
else:
# Case where the OCSP responder is not the certificate issuer
logger.debug('OCSP response for certificate %s is delegated to an external responder.',
cert_path)
responder_certs = [cert for cert in response_ocsp.certificates
if response_ocsp.responder_name == cert.subject or \
response_ocsp.responder_key_hash == _key_hash(cert)]
if not responder_certs:
raise AssertionError('no matching responder certificate could be found')
# We suppose here that the ACME server support only one certificate in the OCSP status
# request. This is currently the case for LetsEncrypt servers.
# See https://github.com/letsencrypt/boulder/issues/2331
responder_cert = responder_certs[0]
if responder_cert.issuer != issuer_cert.subject:
raise AssertionError('responder certificate is not signed '
'by the certificate\'s issuer')
try:
extension = responder_cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.ExtendedKeyUsage)
delegate_authorized = x509.oid.ExtendedKeyUsageOID.OCSP_SIGNING in extension.value
except (x509.ExtensionNotFound, IndexError):
delegate_authorized = False
if not delegate_authorized:
raise AssertionError('responder is not authorized by issuer to sign OCSP responses')
# Following line may raise UnsupportedAlgorithm
chosen_cert_hash = responder_cert.signature_hash_algorithm
assert chosen_cert_hash # always present for RSA and ECDSA certificates.
# For a delegate OCSP responder, we need first check that its certificate is effectively
# signed by the certificate issuer.
crypto_util.verify_signed_payload(issuer_cert.public_key(), responder_cert.signature,
responder_cert.tbs_certificate_bytes, chosen_cert_hash)
# Following line may raise UnsupportedAlgorithm
chosen_response_hash = response_ocsp.signature_hash_algorithm
# We check that the OSCP response is effectively signed by the responder
# (an authorized delegate one or the certificate issuer itself).
if not chosen_response_hash:
raise AssertionError("no signature hash algorithm defined")
crypto_util.verify_signed_payload(responder_cert.public_key(), response_ocsp.signature,
response_ocsp.tbs_response_bytes, chosen_response_hash)
def _translate_ocsp_query(cert_path: str, ocsp_output: str, ocsp_errors: str) -> bool:
"""Parse openssl's weird output to work out what it means."""
states = ("good", "revoked", "unknown")
patterns = [r"{0}: (WARNING.*)?{1}".format(cert_path, s) for s in states]
good, revoked, unknown = (re.search(p, ocsp_output, flags=re.DOTALL) for p in patterns)
warning = good.group(1) if good else None
if ("Response verify OK" not in ocsp_errors) or (good and warning) or unknown:
logger.info("Revocation status for %s is unknown", cert_path)
logger.debug("Uncertain output:\n%s\nstderr:\n%s", ocsp_output, ocsp_errors)
return False
elif good and not warning:
return False
elif revoked:
warning = revoked.group(1)
if warning:
logger.info("OCSP revocation warning: %s", warning)
return True
else:
logger.warning("Unable to properly parse OCSP output: %s\nstderr:%s",
ocsp_output, ocsp_errors)
return False