Current File : //proc/self/root/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/runner/test/test_procmon.py
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
Tests for L{twisted.runner.procmon}.
"""
import pickle

from twisted.internet.error import ProcessDone, ProcessExitedAlready, ProcessTerminated
from twisted.internet.task import Clock
from twisted.internet.testing import MemoryReactor
from twisted.logger import globalLogPublisher
from twisted.python.failure import Failure
from twisted.runner.procmon import LoggingProtocol, ProcessMonitor
from twisted.trial import unittest


class DummyProcess:
    """
    An incomplete and fake L{IProcessTransport} implementation for testing how
    L{ProcessMonitor} behaves when its monitored processes exit.

    @ivar _terminationDelay: the delay in seconds after which the DummyProcess
        will appear to exit when it receives a TERM signal
    """

    pid = 1
    proto = None

    _terminationDelay = 1

    def __init__(
        self,
        reactor,
        executable,
        args,
        environment,
        path,
        proto,
        uid=None,
        gid=None,
        usePTY=0,
        childFDs=None,
    ):
        self.proto = proto

        self._reactor = reactor
        self._executable = executable
        self._args = args
        self._environment = environment
        self._path = path
        self._uid = uid
        self._gid = gid
        self._usePTY = usePTY
        self._childFDs = childFDs

    def signalProcess(self, signalID):
        """
        A partial implementation of signalProcess which can only handle TERM and
        KILL signals.
         - When a TERM signal is given, the dummy process will appear to exit
           after L{DummyProcess._terminationDelay} seconds with exit code 0
         - When a KILL signal is given, the dummy process will appear to exit
           immediately with exit code 1.

        @param signalID: The signal name or number to be issued to the process.
        @type signalID: C{str}
        """
        params = {"TERM": (self._terminationDelay, 0), "KILL": (0, 1)}

        if self.pid is None:
            raise ProcessExitedAlready()

        if signalID in params:
            delay, status = params[signalID]
            self._signalHandler = self._reactor.callLater(
                delay, self.processEnded, status
            )

    def processEnded(self, status):
        """
        Deliver the process ended event to C{self.proto}.
        """
        self.pid = None
        statusMap = {
            0: ProcessDone,
            1: ProcessTerminated,
        }
        self.proto.processEnded(Failure(statusMap[status](status)))


class DummyProcessReactor(MemoryReactor, Clock):
    """
    @ivar spawnedProcesses: a list that keeps track of the fake process
        instances built by C{spawnProcess}.
    @type spawnedProcesses: C{list}
    """

    def __init__(self):
        MemoryReactor.__init__(self)
        Clock.__init__(self)

        self.spawnedProcesses = []

    def spawnProcess(
        self,
        processProtocol,
        executable,
        args=(),
        env={},
        path=None,
        uid=None,
        gid=None,
        usePTY=0,
        childFDs=None,
    ):
        """
        Fake L{reactor.spawnProcess}, that logs all the process
        arguments and returns a L{DummyProcess}.
        """

        proc = DummyProcess(
            self,
            executable,
            args,
            env,
            path,
            processProtocol,
            uid,
            gid,
            usePTY,
            childFDs,
        )
        processProtocol.makeConnection(proc)
        self.spawnedProcesses.append(proc)
        return proc


class ProcmonTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{ProcessMonitor}.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create an L{ProcessMonitor} wrapped around a fake reactor.
        """
        self.reactor = DummyProcessReactor()
        self.pm = ProcessMonitor(reactor=self.reactor)
        self.pm.minRestartDelay = 2
        self.pm.maxRestartDelay = 10
        self.pm.threshold = 10

    def test_reprLooksGood(self):
        """
        Repr includes all details
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], uid=1, gid=2, env={})
        representation = repr(self.pm)
        self.assertIn("foo", representation)
        self.assertIn("1", representation)
        self.assertIn("2", representation)

    def test_simpleReprLooksGood(self):
        """
        Repr does not include unneeded details.

        Values of attributes that just mean "inherit from launching
        process" do not appear in the repr of a process.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], env={})
        representation = repr(self.pm)
        self.assertNotIn("(", representation)
        self.assertNotIn(")", representation)

    def test_getStateIncludesProcesses(self):
        """
        The list of monitored processes must be included in the pickle state.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], uid=1, gid=2, env={})
        self.assertEqual(
            self.pm.__getstate__()["processes"], {"foo": (["arg1", "arg2"], 1, 2, {})}
        )

    def test_getStateExcludesReactor(self):
        """
        The private L{ProcessMonitor._reactor} instance variable should not be
        included in the pickle state.
        """
        self.assertNotIn("_reactor", self.pm.__getstate__())

    def test_addProcess(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.addProcess} only starts the named program if
        L{ProcessMonitor.startService} has been called.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], uid=1, gid=2, env={})
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.protocols, {})
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.processes, {"foo": (["arg1", "arg2"], 1, 2, {})})
        self.pm.startService()
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertEqual(list(self.pm.protocols.keys()), ["foo"])

    def test_addProcessDuplicateKeyError(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.addProcess} raises a C{KeyError} if a process with the
        given name already exists.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], uid=1, gid=2, env={})
        self.assertRaises(
            KeyError, self.pm.addProcess, "foo", ["arg1", "arg2"], uid=1, gid=2, env={}
        )

    def test_addProcessEnv(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.addProcess} takes an C{env} parameter that is passed to
        L{IReactorProcess.spawnProcess}.
        """
        fakeEnv = {"KEY": "value"}
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"], uid=1, gid=2, env=fakeEnv)
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertEqual(self.reactor.spawnedProcesses[0]._environment, fakeEnv)

    def test_addProcessCwd(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.addProcess} takes an C{cwd} parameter that is passed
        to L{IReactorProcess.spawnProcess}.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"], cwd="/mnt/lala")
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertEqual(self.reactor.spawnedProcesses[0]._path, "/mnt/lala")

    def test_removeProcess(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.removeProcess} removes the process from the public
        processes list.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.assertEqual(len(self.pm.processes), 1)
        self.pm.removeProcess("foo")
        self.assertEqual(len(self.pm.processes), 0)

    def test_removeProcessUnknownKeyError(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.removeProcess} raises a C{KeyError} if the given
        process name isn't recognised.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.pm.removeProcess, "foo")

    def test_startProcess(self):
        """
        When a process has been started, an instance of L{LoggingProtocol} will
        be added to the L{ProcessMonitor.protocols} dict and the start time of
        the process will be recorded in the L{ProcessMonitor.timeStarted}
        dictionary.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.pm.startProcess("foo")
        self.assertIsInstance(self.pm.protocols["foo"], LoggingProtocol)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.timeStarted.keys())

    def test_startProcessAlreadyStarted(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.startProcess} silently returns if the named process is
        already started.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.pm.startProcess("foo")
        self.assertIsNone(self.pm.startProcess("foo"))

    def test_startProcessUnknownKeyError(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.startProcess} raises a C{KeyError} if the given
        process name isn't recognised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.pm.startProcess, "foo")

    def test_stopProcessNaturalTermination(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopProcess} immediately sends a TERM signal to the
        named process.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)

        # Configure fake process to die 1 second after receiving term signal
        timeToDie = self.pm.protocols["foo"].transport._terminationDelay = 1

        # Advance the reactor to just before the short lived process threshold
        # and leave enough time for the process to die
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Then signal the process to stop
        self.pm.stopProcess("foo")

        # Advance the reactor just enough to give the process time to die and
        # verify that the process restarts
        self.reactor.advance(timeToDie)

        # No further time is required to pass here but the reactor must
        # iterate due to implementation details.  See the comment in
        # test_stopProcessForcedKill.
        self.reactor.advance(0)

        # We expect it to be restarted immediately
        self.assertEqual(self.reactor.seconds(), self.pm.timeStarted["foo"])

    def test_stopProcessForcedKill(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopProcess} kills a process which fails to terminate
        naturally within L{ProcessMonitor.killTime} seconds.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        proc = self.pm.protocols["foo"].transport
        # Arrange for the fake process to live longer than the killTime
        proc._terminationDelay = self.pm.killTime + 1
        self.pm.stopProcess("foo")
        # If process doesn't die before the killTime, procmon should
        # terminate it
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.killTime - 1)
        self.assertEqual(0.0, self.pm.timeStarted["foo"])

        self.reactor.advance(1)

        # We expect it to be immediately restarted.  While no actual time
        # should need to pass for this to happen, the reactor will need to
        # iterate a couple times because the implementation uses `callLater`
        # (twice!) to schedule the restart and no delayed call can run sooner
        # than the reactor iteration after it is scheduled.
        self.reactor.pump([0, 0])

        self.assertEqual(self.reactor.seconds(), self.pm.timeStarted["foo"])

    def test_stopProcessUnknownKeyError(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopProcess} raises a C{KeyError} if the given process
        name isn't recognised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.pm.stopProcess, "foo")

    def test_stopProcessAlreadyStopped(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopProcess} silently returns if the named process
        is already stopped. eg Process has crashed and a restart has been
        rescheduled, but in the meantime, the service is stopped.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.assertIsNone(self.pm.stopProcess("foo"))

    def test_outputReceivedCompleteLine(self):
        """
        Getting a complete output line on stdout generates a log message.
        """
        events = []
        self.addCleanup(globalLogPublisher.removeObserver, events.append)
        globalLogPublisher.addObserver(events.append)
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # Advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Long time passes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Process greets
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].outReceived(b"hello world!\n")
        self.assertEquals(len(events), 1)
        namespace = events[0]["log_namespace"]
        stream = events[0]["stream"]
        tag = events[0]["tag"]
        line = events[0]["line"]
        self.assertEquals(namespace, "twisted.runner.procmon.ProcessMonitor")
        self.assertEquals(stream, "stdout")
        self.assertEquals(tag, "foo")
        self.assertEquals(line, "hello world!")

    def test_ouputReceivedCompleteErrLine(self):
        """
        Getting a complete output line on stderr generates a log message.
        """
        events = []
        self.addCleanup(globalLogPublisher.removeObserver, events.append)
        globalLogPublisher.addObserver(events.append)
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # Advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Long time passes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Process greets
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].errReceived(b"hello world!\n")
        self.assertEquals(len(events), 1)
        namespace = events[0]["log_namespace"]
        stream = events[0]["stream"]
        tag = events[0]["tag"]
        line = events[0]["line"]
        self.assertEquals(namespace, "twisted.runner.procmon.ProcessMonitor")
        self.assertEquals(stream, "stderr")
        self.assertEquals(tag, "foo")
        self.assertEquals(line, "hello world!")

    def test_outputReceivedCompleteLineInvalidUTF8(self):
        """
        Getting invalid UTF-8 results in the repr of the raw message
        """
        events = []
        self.addCleanup(globalLogPublisher.removeObserver, events.append)
        globalLogPublisher.addObserver(events.append)
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # Advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Long time passes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Process greets
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].outReceived(b"\xffhello world!\n")
        self.assertEquals(len(events), 1)
        message = events[0]
        namespace = message["log_namespace"]
        stream = message["stream"]
        tag = message["tag"]
        output = message["line"]
        self.assertEquals(namespace, "twisted.runner.procmon.ProcessMonitor")
        self.assertEquals(stream, "stdout")
        self.assertEquals(tag, "foo")
        self.assertEquals(output, repr(b"\xffhello world!"))

    def test_outputReceivedPartialLine(self):
        """
        Getting partial line results in no events until process end
        """
        events = []
        self.addCleanup(globalLogPublisher.removeObserver, events.append)
        globalLogPublisher.addObserver(events.append)
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # Advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Long time passes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Process greets
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].outReceived(b"hello world!")
        self.assertEquals(len(events), 0)
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].processEnded(Failure(ProcessDone(0)))
        self.assertEquals(len(events), 1)
        namespace = events[0]["log_namespace"]
        stream = events[0]["stream"]
        tag = events[0]["tag"]
        line = events[0]["line"]
        self.assertEquals(namespace, "twisted.runner.procmon.ProcessMonitor")
        self.assertEquals(stream, "stdout")
        self.assertEquals(tag, "foo")
        self.assertEquals(line, "hello world!")

    def test_connectionLostLongLivedProcess(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.connectionLost} should immediately restart a process
        if it has been running longer than L{ProcessMonitor.threshold} seconds.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Long time passes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        # Process dies after threshold
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].processEnded(Failure(ProcessDone(0)))
        self.assertNotIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        # Process should be restarted immediately
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)

    def test_connectionLostMurderCancel(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.connectionLost} cancels a scheduled process killer and
        deletes the DelayedCall from the L{ProcessMonitor.murder} list.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # Advance 1s to start the process then ask ProcMon to stop it
        self.reactor.advance(1)
        self.pm.stopProcess("foo")
        # A process killer has been scheduled, delayedCall is active
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.murder)
        delayedCall = self.pm.murder["foo"]
        self.assertTrue(delayedCall.active())
        # Advance to the point at which the dummy process exits
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.protocols["foo"].transport._terminationDelay)
        # Now the delayedCall has been cancelled and deleted
        self.assertFalse(delayedCall.active())
        self.assertNotIn("foo", self.pm.murder)

    def test_connectionLostProtocolDeletion(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.connectionLost} removes the corresponding
        ProcessProtocol instance from the L{ProcessMonitor.protocols} list.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].transport.signalProcess("KILL")
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.protocols["foo"].transport._terminationDelay)
        self.assertNotIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)

    def test_connectionLostMinMaxRestartDelay(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.connectionLost} will wait at least minRestartDelay s
        and at most maxRestartDelay s
        """
        self.pm.minRestartDelay = 2
        self.pm.maxRestartDelay = 3

        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])

        self.assertEqual(self.pm.delay["foo"], self.pm.minRestartDelay)
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold - 1)
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].processEnded(Failure(ProcessDone(0)))
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.delay["foo"], self.pm.maxRestartDelay)

    def test_connectionLostBackoffDelayDoubles(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.connectionLost} doubles the restart delay each time
        the process dies too quickly.
        """
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold - 1)  # 9s
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.delay["foo"], self.pm.minRestartDelay)
        # process dies within the threshold and should not restart immediately
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].processEnded(Failure(ProcessDone(0)))
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.delay["foo"], self.pm.minRestartDelay * 2)

    def test_startService(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.startService} starts all monitored processes.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # advance the reactor to start the process
        self.reactor.advance(0)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)

    def test_stopService(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopService} should stop all monitored processes.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.pm.addProcess("bar", ["bar"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # advance the reactor to start the processes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)
        self.assertIn("bar", self.pm.protocols)

        self.reactor.advance(1)

        self.pm.stopService()
        # Advance to beyond the killTime - all monitored processes
        # should have exited
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.killTime + 1)
        # The processes shouldn't be restarted
        self.assertEqual({}, self.pm.protocols)

    def test_restartAllRestartsOneProcess(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.restartAll} succeeds when there is one process.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        self.pm.startService()
        self.reactor.advance(1)
        self.pm.restartAll()
        # Just enough time for the process to die,
        # not enough time to start a new one.
        self.reactor.advance(1)
        processes = list(self.reactor.spawnedProcesses)
        myProcess = processes.pop()
        self.assertEquals(processes, [])
        self.assertIsNone(myProcess.pid)

    def test_stopServiceCancelRestarts(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopService} should cancel any scheduled process
        restarts.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Schedule the process to start
        self.pm.startService()
        # advance the reactor to start the processes
        self.reactor.advance(self.pm.threshold)
        self.assertIn("foo", self.pm.protocols)

        self.reactor.advance(1)
        # Kill the process early
        self.pm.protocols["foo"].processEnded(Failure(ProcessDone(0)))
        self.assertTrue(self.pm.restart["foo"].active())
        self.pm.stopService()
        # Scheduled restart should have been cancelled
        self.assertFalse(self.pm.restart["foo"].active())

    def test_stopServiceCleanupScheduledRestarts(self):
        """
        L{ProcessMonitor.stopService} should cancel all scheduled process
        restarts.
        """
        self.pm.threshold = 5
        self.pm.minRestartDelay = 5
        # Start service and add a process (started immediately)
        self.pm.startService()
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        # Stop the process after 1s
        self.reactor.advance(1)
        self.pm.stopProcess("foo")
        # Wait 1s for it to exit it will be scheduled to restart 5s later
        self.reactor.advance(1)
        # Meanwhile stop the service
        self.pm.stopService()
        # Advance to beyond the process restart time
        self.reactor.advance(6)
        # The process shouldn't have restarted because stopService has cancelled
        # all pending process restarts.
        self.assertEqual(self.pm.protocols, {})


class DeprecationTests(unittest.SynchronousTestCase):

    """
    Tests that check functionality that should be deprecated is deprecated.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create reactor and process monitor.
        """
        self.reactor = DummyProcessReactor()
        self.pm = ProcessMonitor(reactor=self.reactor)

    def test_toTuple(self):
        """
        _Process.toTuple is deprecated.

        When getting the deprecated processes property, the actual
        data (kept in the class _Process) is converted to a tuple --
        which produces a DeprecationWarning per process so converted.
        """
        self.pm.addProcess("foo", ["foo"])
        myprocesses = self.pm.processes
        self.assertEquals(len(myprocesses), 1)
        warnings = self.flushWarnings()
        foundToTuple = False
        for warning in warnings:
            self.assertIs(warning["category"], DeprecationWarning)
            if "toTuple" in warning["message"]:
                foundToTuple = True
        self.assertTrue(foundToTuple, f"no tuple deprecation found:{repr(warnings)}")

    def test_processes(self):
        """
        Accessing L{ProcessMonitor.processes} results in deprecation warning

        Even when there are no processes, and thus no process is converted
        to a tuple, accessing the L{ProcessMonitor.processes} property
        should generate its own DeprecationWarning.
        """
        myProcesses = self.pm.processes
        self.assertEquals(myProcesses, {})
        warnings = self.flushWarnings()
        first = warnings.pop(0)
        self.assertIs(first["category"], DeprecationWarning)
        self.assertEquals(warnings, [])

    def test_getstate(self):
        """
        Pickling an L{ProcessMonitor} results in deprecation warnings
        """
        pickle.dumps(self.pm)
        warnings = self.flushWarnings()
        for warning in warnings:
            self.assertIs(warning["category"], DeprecationWarning)
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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