Current File : //proc/self/root/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py
"""setuptools.command.egg_info

Create a distribution's .egg-info directory and contents"""

from distutils.filelist import FileList as _FileList
from distutils.errors import DistutilsInternalError
from distutils.util import convert_path
from distutils import log
import distutils.errors
import distutils.filelist
import functools
import os
import re
import sys
import io
import time
import collections

from .._importlib import metadata
from .. import _entry_points, _normalization

from setuptools import Command
from setuptools.command.sdist import sdist
from setuptools.command.sdist import walk_revctrl
from setuptools.command.setopt import edit_config
from setuptools.command import bdist_egg
import setuptools.unicode_utils as unicode_utils
from setuptools.glob import glob

from setuptools.extern import packaging
from setuptools.extern.jaraco.text import yield_lines
from ..warnings import SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning


PY_MAJOR = '{}.{}'.format(*sys.version_info)


def translate_pattern(glob):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (14)  # FIXME
    """
    Translate a file path glob like '*.txt' in to a regular expression.
    This differs from fnmatch.translate which allows wildcards to match
    directory separators. It also knows about '**/' which matches any number of
    directories.
    """
    pat = ''

    # This will split on '/' within [character classes]. This is deliberate.
    chunks = glob.split(os.path.sep)

    sep = re.escape(os.sep)
    valid_char = '[^%s]' % (sep,)

    for c, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
        last_chunk = c == len(chunks) - 1

        # Chunks that are a literal ** are globstars. They match anything.
        if chunk == '**':
            if last_chunk:
                # Match anything if this is the last component
                pat += '.*'
            else:
                # Match '(name/)*'
                pat += '(?:%s+%s)*' % (valid_char, sep)
            continue  # Break here as the whole path component has been handled

        # Find any special characters in the remainder
        i = 0
        chunk_len = len(chunk)
        while i < chunk_len:
            char = chunk[i]
            if char == '*':
                # Match any number of name characters
                pat += valid_char + '*'
            elif char == '?':
                # Match a name character
                pat += valid_char
            elif char == '[':
                # Character class
                inner_i = i + 1
                # Skip initial !/] chars
                if inner_i < chunk_len and chunk[inner_i] == '!':
                    inner_i = inner_i + 1
                if inner_i < chunk_len and chunk[inner_i] == ']':
                    inner_i = inner_i + 1

                # Loop till the closing ] is found
                while inner_i < chunk_len and chunk[inner_i] != ']':
                    inner_i = inner_i + 1

                if inner_i >= chunk_len:
                    # Got to the end of the string without finding a closing ]
                    # Do not treat this as a matching group, but as a literal [
                    pat += re.escape(char)
                else:
                    # Grab the insides of the [brackets]
                    inner = chunk[i + 1 : inner_i]
                    char_class = ''

                    # Class negation
                    if inner[0] == '!':
                        char_class = '^'
                        inner = inner[1:]

                    char_class += re.escape(inner)
                    pat += '[%s]' % (char_class,)

                    # Skip to the end ]
                    i = inner_i
            else:
                pat += re.escape(char)
            i += 1

        # Join each chunk with the dir separator
        if not last_chunk:
            pat += sep

    pat += r'\Z'
    return re.compile(pat, flags=re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)


class InfoCommon:
    tag_build = None
    tag_date = None

    @property
    def name(self):
        return _normalization.safe_name(self.distribution.get_name())

    def tagged_version(self):
        tagged = self._maybe_tag(self.distribution.get_version())
        return _normalization.best_effort_version(tagged)

    def _maybe_tag(self, version):
        """
        egg_info may be called more than once for a distribution,
        in which case the version string already contains all tags.
        """
        return (
            version
            if self.vtags and self._already_tagged(version)
            else version + self.vtags
        )

    def _already_tagged(self, version: str) -> bool:
        # Depending on their format, tags may change with version normalization.
        # So in addition the regular tags, we have to search for the normalized ones.
        return version.endswith(self.vtags) or version.endswith(self._safe_tags())

    def _safe_tags(self) -> str:
        # To implement this we can rely on `safe_version` pretending to be version 0
        # followed by tags. Then we simply discard the starting 0 (fake version number)
        return _normalization.best_effort_version(f"0{self.vtags}")[1:]

    def tags(self) -> str:
        version = ''
        if self.tag_build:
            version += self.tag_build
        if self.tag_date:
            version += time.strftime("%Y%m%d")
        return version

    vtags = property(tags)


class egg_info(InfoCommon, Command):
    description = "create a distribution's .egg-info directory"

    user_options = [
        (
            'egg-base=',
            'e',
            "directory containing .egg-info directories"
            " (default: top of the source tree)",
        ),
        ('tag-date', 'd', "Add date stamp (e.g. 20050528) to version number"),
        ('tag-build=', 'b', "Specify explicit tag to add to version number"),
        ('no-date', 'D', "Don't include date stamp [default]"),
    ]

    boolean_options = ['tag-date']
    negative_opt = {
        'no-date': 'tag-date',
    }

    def initialize_options(self):
        self.egg_base = None
        self.egg_name = None
        self.egg_info = None
        self.egg_version = None
        self.ignore_egg_info_in_manifest = False

    ####################################
    # allow the 'tag_svn_revision' to be detected and
    # set, supporting sdists built on older Setuptools.
    @property
    def tag_svn_revision(self):
        pass

    @tag_svn_revision.setter
    def tag_svn_revision(self, value):
        pass

    ####################################

    def save_version_info(self, filename):
        """
        Materialize the value of date into the
        build tag. Install build keys in a deterministic order
        to avoid arbitrary reordering on subsequent builds.
        """
        egg_info = collections.OrderedDict()
        # follow the order these keys would have been added
        # when PYTHONHASHSEED=0
        egg_info['tag_build'] = self.tags()
        egg_info['tag_date'] = 0
        edit_config(filename, dict(egg_info=egg_info))

    def finalize_options(self):
        # Note: we need to capture the current value returned
        # by `self.tagged_version()`, so we can later update
        # `self.distribution.metadata.version` without
        # repercussions.
        self.egg_name = self.name
        self.egg_version = self.tagged_version()
        parsed_version = packaging.version.Version(self.egg_version)

        try:
            is_version = isinstance(parsed_version, packaging.version.Version)
            spec = "%s==%s" if is_version else "%s===%s"
            packaging.requirements.Requirement(spec % (self.egg_name, self.egg_version))
        except ValueError as e:
            raise distutils.errors.DistutilsOptionError(
                "Invalid distribution name or version syntax: %s-%s"
                % (self.egg_name, self.egg_version)
            ) from e

        if self.egg_base is None:
            dirs = self.distribution.package_dir
            self.egg_base = (dirs or {}).get('', os.curdir)

        self.ensure_dirname('egg_base')
        self.egg_info = _normalization.filename_component(self.egg_name) + '.egg-info'
        if self.egg_base != os.curdir:
            self.egg_info = os.path.join(self.egg_base, self.egg_info)

        # Set package version for the benefit of dumber commands
        # (e.g. sdist, bdist_wininst, etc.)
        #
        self.distribution.metadata.version = self.egg_version

        # If we bootstrapped around the lack of a PKG-INFO, as might be the
        # case in a fresh checkout, make sure that any special tags get added
        # to the version info
        #
        pd = self.distribution._patched_dist
        key = getattr(pd, "key", None) or getattr(pd, "name", None)
        if pd is not None and key == self.egg_name.lower():
            pd._version = self.egg_version
            pd._parsed_version = packaging.version.Version(self.egg_version)
            self.distribution._patched_dist = None

    def _get_egg_basename(self, py_version=PY_MAJOR, platform=None):
        """Compute filename of the output egg. Private API."""
        return _egg_basename(self.egg_name, self.egg_version, py_version, platform)

    def write_or_delete_file(self, what, filename, data, force=False):
        """Write `data` to `filename` or delete if empty

        If `data` is non-empty, this routine is the same as ``write_file()``.
        If `data` is empty but not ``None``, this is the same as calling
        ``delete_file(filename)`.  If `data` is ``None``, then this is a no-op
        unless `filename` exists, in which case a warning is issued about the
        orphaned file (if `force` is false), or deleted (if `force` is true).
        """
        if data:
            self.write_file(what, filename, data)
        elif os.path.exists(filename):
            if data is None and not force:
                log.warn("%s not set in setup(), but %s exists", what, filename)
                return
            else:
                self.delete_file(filename)

    def write_file(self, what, filename, data):
        """Write `data` to `filename` (if not a dry run) after announcing it

        `what` is used in a log message to identify what is being written
        to the file.
        """
        log.info("writing %s to %s", what, filename)
        data = data.encode("utf-8")
        if not self.dry_run:
            f = open(filename, 'wb')
            f.write(data)
            f.close()

    def delete_file(self, filename):
        """Delete `filename` (if not a dry run) after announcing it"""
        log.info("deleting %s", filename)
        if not self.dry_run:
            os.unlink(filename)

    def run(self):
        self.mkpath(self.egg_info)
        try:
            os.utime(self.egg_info, None)
        except OSError as e:
            msg = f"Cannot update time stamp of directory '{self.egg_info}'"
            raise distutils.errors.DistutilsFileError(msg) from e
        for ep in metadata.entry_points(group='egg_info.writers'):
            writer = ep.load()
            writer(self, ep.name, os.path.join(self.egg_info, ep.name))

        # Get rid of native_libs.txt if it was put there by older bdist_egg
        nl = os.path.join(self.egg_info, "native_libs.txt")
        if os.path.exists(nl):
            self.delete_file(nl)

        self.find_sources()

    def find_sources(self):
        """Generate SOURCES.txt manifest file"""
        manifest_filename = os.path.join(self.egg_info, "SOURCES.txt")
        mm = manifest_maker(self.distribution)
        mm.ignore_egg_info_dir = self.ignore_egg_info_in_manifest
        mm.manifest = manifest_filename
        mm.run()
        self.filelist = mm.filelist


class FileList(_FileList):
    # Implementations of the various MANIFEST.in commands

    def __init__(self, warn=None, debug_print=None, ignore_egg_info_dir=False):
        super().__init__(warn, debug_print)
        self.ignore_egg_info_dir = ignore_egg_info_dir

    def process_template_line(self, line):
        # Parse the line: split it up, make sure the right number of words
        # is there, and return the relevant words.  'action' is always
        # defined: it's the first word of the line.  Which of the other
        # three are defined depends on the action; it'll be either
        # patterns, (dir and patterns), or (dir_pattern).
        (action, patterns, dir, dir_pattern) = self._parse_template_line(line)

        action_map = {
            'include': self.include,
            'exclude': self.exclude,
            'global-include': self.global_include,
            'global-exclude': self.global_exclude,
            'recursive-include': functools.partial(
                self.recursive_include,
                dir,
            ),
            'recursive-exclude': functools.partial(
                self.recursive_exclude,
                dir,
            ),
            'graft': self.graft,
            'prune': self.prune,
        }
        log_map = {
            'include': "warning: no files found matching '%s'",
            'exclude': ("warning: no previously-included files found " "matching '%s'"),
            'global-include': (
                "warning: no files found matching '%s' " "anywhere in distribution"
            ),
            'global-exclude': (
                "warning: no previously-included files matching "
                "'%s' found anywhere in distribution"
            ),
            'recursive-include': (
                "warning: no files found matching '%s' " "under directory '%s'"
            ),
            'recursive-exclude': (
                "warning: no previously-included files matching "
                "'%s' found under directory '%s'"
            ),
            'graft': "warning: no directories found matching '%s'",
            'prune': "no previously-included directories found matching '%s'",
        }

        try:
            process_action = action_map[action]
        except KeyError:
            raise DistutilsInternalError(
                "this cannot happen: invalid action '{action!s}'".format(action=action),
            )

        # OK, now we know that the action is valid and we have the
        # right number of words on the line for that action -- so we
        # can proceed with minimal error-checking.

        action_is_recursive = action.startswith('recursive-')
        if action in {'graft', 'prune'}:
            patterns = [dir_pattern]
        extra_log_args = (dir,) if action_is_recursive else ()
        log_tmpl = log_map[action]

        self.debug_print(
            ' '.join(
                [action] + ([dir] if action_is_recursive else []) + patterns,
            )
        )
        for pattern in patterns:
            if not process_action(pattern):
                log.warn(log_tmpl, pattern, *extra_log_args)

    def _remove_files(self, predicate):
        """
        Remove all files from the file list that match the predicate.
        Return True if any matching files were removed
        """
        found = False
        for i in range(len(self.files) - 1, -1, -1):
            if predicate(self.files[i]):
                self.debug_print(" removing " + self.files[i])
                del self.files[i]
                found = True
        return found

    def include(self, pattern):
        """Include files that match 'pattern'."""
        found = [f for f in glob(pattern) if not os.path.isdir(f)]
        self.extend(found)
        return bool(found)

    def exclude(self, pattern):
        """Exclude files that match 'pattern'."""
        match = translate_pattern(pattern)
        return self._remove_files(match.match)

    def recursive_include(self, dir, pattern):
        """
        Include all files anywhere in 'dir/' that match the pattern.
        """
        full_pattern = os.path.join(dir, '**', pattern)
        found = [f for f in glob(full_pattern, recursive=True) if not os.path.isdir(f)]
        self.extend(found)
        return bool(found)

    def recursive_exclude(self, dir, pattern):
        """
        Exclude any file anywhere in 'dir/' that match the pattern.
        """
        match = translate_pattern(os.path.join(dir, '**', pattern))
        return self._remove_files(match.match)

    def graft(self, dir):
        """Include all files from 'dir/'."""
        found = [
            item
            for match_dir in glob(dir)
            for item in distutils.filelist.findall(match_dir)
        ]
        self.extend(found)
        return bool(found)

    def prune(self, dir):
        """Filter out files from 'dir/'."""
        match = translate_pattern(os.path.join(dir, '**'))
        return self._remove_files(match.match)

    def global_include(self, pattern):
        """
        Include all files anywhere in the current directory that match the
        pattern. This is very inefficient on large file trees.
        """
        if self.allfiles is None:
            self.findall()
        match = translate_pattern(os.path.join('**', pattern))
        found = [f for f in self.allfiles if match.match(f)]
        self.extend(found)
        return bool(found)

    def global_exclude(self, pattern):
        """
        Exclude all files anywhere that match the pattern.
        """
        match = translate_pattern(os.path.join('**', pattern))
        return self._remove_files(match.match)

    def append(self, item):
        if item.endswith('\r'):  # Fix older sdists built on Windows
            item = item[:-1]
        path = convert_path(item)

        if self._safe_path(path):
            self.files.append(path)

    def extend(self, paths):
        self.files.extend(filter(self._safe_path, paths))

    def _repair(self):
        """
        Replace self.files with only safe paths

        Because some owners of FileList manipulate the underlying
        ``files`` attribute directly, this method must be called to
        repair those paths.
        """
        self.files = list(filter(self._safe_path, self.files))

    def _safe_path(self, path):
        enc_warn = "'%s' not %s encodable -- skipping"

        # To avoid accidental trans-codings errors, first to unicode
        u_path = unicode_utils.filesys_decode(path)
        if u_path is None:
            log.warn("'%s' in unexpected encoding -- skipping" % path)
            return False

        # Must ensure utf-8 encodability
        utf8_path = unicode_utils.try_encode(u_path, "utf-8")
        if utf8_path is None:
            log.warn(enc_warn, path, 'utf-8')
            return False

        try:
            # ignore egg-info paths
            is_egg_info = ".egg-info" in u_path or b".egg-info" in utf8_path
            if self.ignore_egg_info_dir and is_egg_info:
                return False
            # accept is either way checks out
            if os.path.exists(u_path) or os.path.exists(utf8_path):
                return True
        # this will catch any encode errors decoding u_path
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            log.warn(enc_warn, path, sys.getfilesystemencoding())


class manifest_maker(sdist):
    template = "MANIFEST.in"

    def initialize_options(self):
        self.use_defaults = 1
        self.prune = 1
        self.manifest_only = 1
        self.force_manifest = 1
        self.ignore_egg_info_dir = False

    def finalize_options(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        self.filelist = FileList(ignore_egg_info_dir=self.ignore_egg_info_dir)
        if not os.path.exists(self.manifest):
            self.write_manifest()  # it must exist so it'll get in the list
        self.add_defaults()
        if os.path.exists(self.template):
            self.read_template()
        self.add_license_files()
        self._add_referenced_files()
        self.prune_file_list()
        self.filelist.sort()
        self.filelist.remove_duplicates()
        self.write_manifest()

    def _manifest_normalize(self, path):
        path = unicode_utils.filesys_decode(path)
        return path.replace(os.sep, '/')

    def write_manifest(self):
        """
        Write the file list in 'self.filelist' to the manifest file
        named by 'self.manifest'.
        """
        self.filelist._repair()

        # Now _repairs should encodability, but not unicode
        files = [self._manifest_normalize(f) for f in self.filelist.files]
        msg = "writing manifest file '%s'" % self.manifest
        self.execute(write_file, (self.manifest, files), msg)

    def warn(self, msg):
        if not self._should_suppress_warning(msg):
            sdist.warn(self, msg)

    @staticmethod
    def _should_suppress_warning(msg):
        """
        suppress missing-file warnings from sdist
        """
        return re.match(r"standard file .*not found", msg)

    def add_defaults(self):
        sdist.add_defaults(self)
        self.filelist.append(self.template)
        self.filelist.append(self.manifest)
        rcfiles = list(walk_revctrl())
        if rcfiles:
            self.filelist.extend(rcfiles)
        elif os.path.exists(self.manifest):
            self.read_manifest()

        if os.path.exists("setup.py"):
            # setup.py should be included by default, even if it's not
            # the script called to create the sdist
            self.filelist.append("setup.py")

        ei_cmd = self.get_finalized_command('egg_info')
        self.filelist.graft(ei_cmd.egg_info)

    def add_license_files(self):
        license_files = self.distribution.metadata.license_files or []
        for lf in license_files:
            log.info("adding license file '%s'", lf)
        self.filelist.extend(license_files)

    def _add_referenced_files(self):
        """Add files referenced by the config (e.g. `file:` directive) to filelist"""
        referenced = getattr(self.distribution, '_referenced_files', [])
        # ^-- fallback if dist comes from distutils or is a custom class
        for rf in referenced:
            log.debug("adding file referenced by config '%s'", rf)
        self.filelist.extend(referenced)

    def prune_file_list(self):
        build = self.get_finalized_command('build')
        base_dir = self.distribution.get_fullname()
        self.filelist.prune(build.build_base)
        self.filelist.prune(base_dir)
        sep = re.escape(os.sep)
        self.filelist.exclude_pattern(
            r'(^|' + sep + r')(RCS|CVS|\.svn)' + sep, is_regex=1
        )

    def _safe_data_files(self, build_py):
        """
        The parent class implementation of this method
        (``sdist``) will try to include data files, which
        might cause recursion problems when
        ``include_package_data=True``.

        Therefore, avoid triggering any attempt of
        analyzing/building the manifest again.
        """
        if hasattr(build_py, 'get_data_files_without_manifest'):
            return build_py.get_data_files_without_manifest()

        SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning.emit(
            "`build_py` command does not inherit from setuptools' `build_py`.",
            """
            Custom 'build_py' does not implement 'get_data_files_without_manifest'.
            Please extend command classes from setuptools instead of distutils.
            """,
            see_url="https://peps.python.org/pep-0632/",
            # due_date not defined yet, old projects might still do it?
        )
        return build_py.get_data_files()


def write_file(filename, contents):
    """Create a file with the specified name and write 'contents' (a
    sequence of strings without line terminators) to it.
    """
    contents = "\n".join(contents)

    # assuming the contents has been vetted for utf-8 encoding
    contents = contents.encode("utf-8")

    with open(filename, "wb") as f:  # always write POSIX-style manifest
        f.write(contents)


def write_pkg_info(cmd, basename, filename):
    log.info("writing %s", filename)
    if not cmd.dry_run:
        metadata = cmd.distribution.metadata
        metadata.version, oldver = cmd.egg_version, metadata.version
        metadata.name, oldname = cmd.egg_name, metadata.name

        try:
            # write unescaped data to PKG-INFO, so older pkg_resources
            # can still parse it
            metadata.write_pkg_info(cmd.egg_info)
        finally:
            metadata.name, metadata.version = oldname, oldver

        safe = getattr(cmd.distribution, 'zip_safe', None)

        bdist_egg.write_safety_flag(cmd.egg_info, safe)


def warn_depends_obsolete(cmd, basename, filename):
    """
    Unused: left to avoid errors when updating (from source) from <= 67.8.
    Old installations have a .dist-info directory with the entry-point
    ``depends.txt = setuptools.command.egg_info:warn_depends_obsolete``.
    This may trigger errors when running the first egg_info in build_meta.
    TODO: Remove this function in a version sufficiently > 68.
    """


def _write_requirements(stream, reqs):
    lines = yield_lines(reqs or ())

    def append_cr(line):
        return line + '\n'

    lines = map(append_cr, sorted(lines))
    stream.writelines(lines)


def write_requirements(cmd, basename, filename):
    dist = cmd.distribution
    data = io.StringIO()
    _write_requirements(data, dist.install_requires)
    extras_require = dist.extras_require or {}
    for extra in sorted(extras_require):
        data.write('\n[{extra}]\n'.format(**vars()))
        _write_requirements(data, extras_require[extra])
    cmd.write_or_delete_file("requirements", filename, data.getvalue())


def write_setup_requirements(cmd, basename, filename):
    data = io.StringIO()
    _write_requirements(data, cmd.distribution.setup_requires)
    cmd.write_or_delete_file("setup-requirements", filename, data.getvalue())


def write_toplevel_names(cmd, basename, filename):
    pkgs = dict.fromkeys(
        [k.split('.', 1)[0] for k in cmd.distribution.iter_distribution_names()]
    )
    cmd.write_file("top-level names", filename, '\n'.join(sorted(pkgs)) + '\n')


def overwrite_arg(cmd, basename, filename):
    write_arg(cmd, basename, filename, True)


def write_arg(cmd, basename, filename, force=False):
    argname = os.path.splitext(basename)[0]
    value = getattr(cmd.distribution, argname, None)
    if value is not None:
        value = '\n'.join(value) + '\n'
    cmd.write_or_delete_file(argname, filename, value, force)


def write_entries(cmd, basename, filename):
    eps = _entry_points.load(cmd.distribution.entry_points)
    defn = _entry_points.render(eps)
    cmd.write_or_delete_file('entry points', filename, defn, True)


def _egg_basename(egg_name, egg_version, py_version=None, platform=None):
    """Compute filename of the output egg. Private API."""
    name = _normalization.filename_component(egg_name)
    version = _normalization.filename_component(egg_version)
    egg = f"{name}-{version}-py{py_version or PY_MAJOR}"
    if platform:
        egg += f"-{platform}"
    return egg


class EggInfoDeprecationWarning(SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning):
    """Deprecated behavior warning for EggInfo, bypassing suppression."""
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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