Current File : //lib/modules/6.8.0-60-generic/build/include/linux/counter.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
 * Counter interface
 * Copyright (C) 2018 William Breathitt Gray
 */
#ifndef _COUNTER_H_
#define _COUNTER_H_

#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kfifo.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <uapi/linux/counter.h>

struct counter_device;
struct counter_count;
struct counter_synapse;
struct counter_signal;

enum counter_comp_type {
	COUNTER_COMP_U8,
	COUNTER_COMP_U64,
	COUNTER_COMP_BOOL,
	COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_LEVEL,
	COUNTER_COMP_FUNCTION,
	COUNTER_COMP_SYNAPSE_ACTION,
	COUNTER_COMP_ENUM,
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_DIRECTION,
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_MODE,
	COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_POLARITY,
	COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY,
};

/**
 * struct counter_comp - Counter component node
 * @type:		Counter component data type
 * @name:		device-specific component name
 * @priv:		component-relevant data
 * @action_read:	Synapse action mode read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Synapse action mode should be passed back via
 *			the action parameter.
 * @device_u8_read:	Device u8 component read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Device u8 component should be passed back via
 *			the val parameter.
 * @count_u8_read:	Count u8 component read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Count u8 component should be passed back via
 *			the val parameter.
 * @signal_u8_read:	Signal u8 component read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Signal u8 component should be passed back via
 *			the val parameter.
 * @device_u32_read:	Device u32 component read callback. The read value of
 *			the respective Device u32 component should be passed
 *			back via the val parameter.
 * @count_u32_read:	Count u32 component read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Count u32 component should be passed back via
 *			the val parameter.
 * @signal_u32_read:	Signal u32 component read callback. The read value of
 *			the respective Signal u32 component should be passed
 *			back via the val parameter.
 * @device_u64_read:	Device u64 component read callback. The read value of
 *			the respective Device u64 component should be passed
 *			back via the val parameter.
 * @count_u64_read:	Count u64 component read callback. The read value of the
 *			respective Count u64 component should be passed back via
 *			the val parameter.
 * @signal_u64_read:	Signal u64 component read callback. The read value of
 *			the respective Signal u64 component should be passed
 *			back via the val parameter.
 * @signal_array_u32_read:	Signal u32 array component read callback. The
 *				index of the respective Count u32 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The read value of the respective
 *				Count u32 array component element should be
 *				passed back via the val parameter.
 * @device_array_u64_read:	Device u64 array component read callback. The
 *				index of the respective Device u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The read value of the respective
 *				Device u64 array component element should be
 *				passed back via the val parameter.
 * @count_array_u64_read:	Count u64 array component read callback. The
 *				index of the respective Count u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The read value of the respective
 *				Count u64 array component element should be
 *				passed back via the val parameter.
 * @signal_array_u64_read:	Signal u64 array component read callback. The
 *				index of the respective Count u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The read value of the respective
 *				Count u64 array component element should be
 *				passed back via the val parameter.
 * @action_write:	Synapse action mode write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Synapse action mode is passed via the
 *			action parameter.
 * @device_u8_write:	Device u8 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Device u8 component is passed via the val
 *			parameter.
 * @count_u8_write:	Count u8 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Count u8 component is passed via the val
 *			parameter.
 * @signal_u8_write:	Signal u8 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Signal u8 component is passed via the val
 *			parameter.
 * @device_u32_write:	Device u32 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Device u32 component is passed via the
 *			val parameter.
 * @count_u32_write:	Count u32 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Count u32 component is passed via the val
 *			parameter.
 * @signal_u32_write:	Signal u32 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Signal u32 component is passed via the
 *			val parameter.
 * @device_u64_write:	Device u64 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Device u64 component is passed via the
 *			val parameter.
 * @count_u64_write:	Count u64 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Count u64 component is passed via the val
 *			parameter.
 * @signal_u64_write:	Signal u64 component write callback. The write value of
 *			the respective Signal u64 component is passed via the
 *			val parameter.
 * @signal_array_u32_write:	Signal u32 array component write callback. The
 *				index of the respective Signal u32 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The write value of the respective
 *				Signal u32 array component element is passed via
 *				the val parameter.
 * @device_array_u64_write:	Device u64 array component write callback. The
 *				index of the respective Device u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The write value of the respective
 *				Device u64 array component element is passed via
 *				the val parameter.
 * @count_array_u64_write:	Count u64 array component write callback. The
 *				index of the respective Count u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The write value of the respective
 *				Count u64 array component element is passed via
 *				the val parameter.
 * @signal_array_u64_write:	Signal u64 array component write callback. The
 *				index of the respective Signal u64 array
 *				component element is passed via the idx
 *				parameter. The write value of the respective
 *				Signal u64 array component element is passed via
 *				the val parameter.
 */
struct counter_comp {
	enum counter_comp_type type;
	const char *name;
	void *priv;
	union {
		int (*action_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				   struct counter_count *count,
				   struct counter_synapse *synapse,
				   enum counter_synapse_action *action);
		int (*device_u8_read)(struct counter_device *counter, u8 *val);
		int (*count_u8_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				     struct counter_count *count, u8 *val);
		int (*signal_u8_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				      struct counter_signal *signal, u8 *val);
		int (*device_u32_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       u32 *val);
		int (*count_u32_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				      struct counter_count *count, u32 *val);
		int (*signal_u32_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       struct counter_signal *signal, u32 *val);
		int (*device_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       u64 *val);
		int (*count_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				      struct counter_count *count, u64 *val);
		int (*signal_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       struct counter_signal *signal, u64 *val);
		int (*signal_array_u32_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
					     struct counter_signal *signal,
					     size_t idx, u32 *val);
		int (*device_array_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
					     size_t idx, u64 *val);
		int (*count_array_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
					    struct counter_count *count,
					    size_t idx, u64 *val);
		int (*signal_array_u64_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
					     struct counter_signal *signal,
					     size_t idx, u64 *val);
	};
	union {
		int (*action_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
				    struct counter_count *count,
				    struct counter_synapse *synapse,
				    enum counter_synapse_action action);
		int (*device_u8_write)(struct counter_device *counter, u8 val);
		int (*count_u8_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
				      struct counter_count *count, u8 val);
		int (*signal_u8_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       struct counter_signal *signal, u8 val);
		int (*device_u32_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					u32 val);
		int (*count_u32_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       struct counter_count *count, u32 val);
		int (*signal_u32_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					struct counter_signal *signal, u32 val);
		int (*device_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					u64 val);
		int (*count_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
				       struct counter_count *count, u64 val);
		int (*signal_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					struct counter_signal *signal, u64 val);
		int (*signal_array_u32_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					      struct counter_signal *signal,
					      size_t idx, u32 val);
		int (*device_array_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					      size_t idx, u64 val);
		int (*count_array_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					     struct counter_count *count,
					     size_t idx, u64 val);
		int (*signal_array_u64_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
					      struct counter_signal *signal,
					      size_t idx, u64 val);
	};
};

/**
 * struct counter_signal - Counter Signal node
 * @id:		unique ID used to identify the Signal
 * @name:	device-specific Signal name
 * @ext:	optional array of Signal extensions
 * @num_ext:	number of Signal extensions specified in @ext
 */
struct counter_signal {
	int id;
	const char *name;

	struct counter_comp *ext;
	size_t num_ext;
};

/**
 * struct counter_synapse - Counter Synapse node
 * @actions_list:	array of available action modes
 * @num_actions:	number of action modes specified in @actions_list
 * @signal:		pointer to the associated Signal
 */
struct counter_synapse {
	const enum counter_synapse_action *actions_list;
	size_t num_actions;

	struct counter_signal *signal;
};

/**
 * struct counter_count - Counter Count node
 * @id:			unique ID used to identify the Count
 * @name:		device-specific Count name
 * @functions_list:	array of available function modes
 * @num_functions:	number of function modes specified in @functions_list
 * @synapses:		array of Synapses for initialization
 * @num_synapses:	number of Synapses specified in @synapses
 * @ext:		optional array of Count extensions
 * @num_ext:		number of Count extensions specified in @ext
 */
struct counter_count {
	int id;
	const char *name;

	const enum counter_function *functions_list;
	size_t num_functions;

	struct counter_synapse *synapses;
	size_t num_synapses;

	struct counter_comp *ext;
	size_t num_ext;
};

/**
 * struct counter_event_node - Counter Event node
 * @l:		list of current watching Counter events
 * @event:	event that triggers
 * @channel:	event channel
 * @comp_list:	list of components to watch when event triggers
 */
struct counter_event_node {
	struct list_head l;
	u8 event;
	u8 channel;
	struct list_head comp_list;
};

/**
 * struct counter_ops - Callbacks from driver
 * @signal_read:	optional read callback for Signals. The read level of
 *			the respective Signal should be passed back via the
 *			level parameter.
 * @count_read:		read callback for Counts. The read value of the
 *			respective Count should be passed back via the value
 *			parameter.
 * @count_write:	optional write callback for Counts. The write value for
 *			the respective Count is passed in via the value
 *			parameter.
 * @function_read:	read callback the Count function modes. The read
 *			function mode of the respective Count should be passed
 *			back via the function parameter.
 * @function_write:	optional write callback for Count function modes. The
 *			function mode to write for the respective Count is
 *			passed in via the function parameter.
 * @action_read:	optional read callback the Synapse action modes. The
 *			read action mode of the respective Synapse should be
 *			passed back via the action parameter.
 * @action_write:	optional write callback for Synapse action modes. The
 *			action mode to write for the respective Synapse is
 *			passed in via the action parameter.
 * @events_configure:	optional write callback to configure events. The list of
 *			struct counter_event_node may be accessed via the
 *			events_list member of the counter parameter.
 * @watch_validate:	optional callback to validate a watch. The Counter
 *			component watch configuration is passed in via the watch
 *			parameter. A return value of 0 indicates a valid Counter
 *			component watch configuration.
 */
struct counter_ops {
	int (*signal_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
			   struct counter_signal *signal,
			   enum counter_signal_level *level);
	int (*count_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
			  struct counter_count *count, u64 *value);
	int (*count_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
			   struct counter_count *count, u64 value);
	int (*function_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
			     struct counter_count *count,
			     enum counter_function *function);
	int (*function_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
			      struct counter_count *count,
			      enum counter_function function);
	int (*action_read)(struct counter_device *counter,
			   struct counter_count *count,
			   struct counter_synapse *synapse,
			   enum counter_synapse_action *action);
	int (*action_write)(struct counter_device *counter,
			    struct counter_count *count,
			    struct counter_synapse *synapse,
			    enum counter_synapse_action action);
	int (*events_configure)(struct counter_device *counter);
	int (*watch_validate)(struct counter_device *counter,
			      const struct counter_watch *watch);
};

/**
 * struct counter_device - Counter data structure
 * @name:		name of the device
 * @parent:		optional parent device providing the counters
 * @ops:		callbacks from driver
 * @signals:		array of Signals
 * @num_signals:	number of Signals specified in @signals
 * @counts:		array of Counts
 * @num_counts:		number of Counts specified in @counts
 * @ext:		optional array of Counter device extensions
 * @num_ext:		number of Counter device extensions specified in @ext
 * @dev:		internal device structure
 * @chrdev:		internal character device structure
 * @events_list:	list of current watching Counter events
 * @events_list_lock:	lock to protect Counter events list operations
 * @next_events_list:	list of next watching Counter events
 * @n_events_list_lock:	lock to protect Counter next events list operations
 * @events:		queue of detected Counter events
 * @events_wait:	wait queue to allow blocking reads of Counter events
 * @events_in_lock:	lock to protect Counter events queue in operations
 * @events_out_lock:	lock to protect Counter events queue out operations
 * @ops_exist_lock:	lock to prevent use during removal
 */
struct counter_device {
	const char *name;
	struct device *parent;

	const struct counter_ops *ops;

	struct counter_signal *signals;
	size_t num_signals;
	struct counter_count *counts;
	size_t num_counts;

	struct counter_comp *ext;
	size_t num_ext;

	struct device dev;
	struct cdev chrdev;
	struct list_head events_list;
	spinlock_t events_list_lock;
	struct list_head next_events_list;
	struct mutex n_events_list_lock;
	DECLARE_KFIFO_PTR(events, struct counter_event);
	wait_queue_head_t events_wait;
	spinlock_t events_in_lock;
	struct mutex events_out_lock;
	struct mutex ops_exist_lock;
};

void *counter_priv(const struct counter_device *const counter) __attribute_const__;

struct counter_device *counter_alloc(size_t sizeof_priv);
void counter_put(struct counter_device *const counter);
int counter_add(struct counter_device *const counter);

void counter_unregister(struct counter_device *const counter);
struct counter_device *devm_counter_alloc(struct device *dev,
					  size_t sizeof_priv);
int devm_counter_add(struct device *dev,
		     struct counter_device *const counter);
void counter_push_event(struct counter_device *const counter, const u8 event,
			const u8 channel);

#define COUNTER_COMP_DEVICE_U8(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U8, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.device_u8_read = (_read), \
	.device_u8_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U8(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U8, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.count_u8_read = (_read), \
	.count_u8_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_U8(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U8, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.signal_u8_read = (_read), \
	.signal_u8_write = (_write), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_DEVICE_U64(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U64, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.device_u64_read = (_read), \
	.device_u64_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U64(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U64, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.count_u64_read = (_read), \
	.count_u64_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_U64(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_U64, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.signal_u64_read = (_read), \
	.signal_u64_write = (_write), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_DEVICE_BOOL(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_BOOL, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.device_u8_read = (_read), \
	.device_u8_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_BOOL(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_BOOL, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.count_u8_read = (_read), \
	.count_u8_write = (_write), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_BOOL(_name, _read, _write) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_BOOL, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.signal_u8_read = (_read), \
	.signal_u8_write = (_write), \
}

struct counter_available {
	union {
		const u32 *enums;
		const char *const *strs;
	};
	size_t num_items;
};

#define DEFINE_COUNTER_AVAILABLE(_name, _enums) \
	struct counter_available _name = { \
		.enums = (_enums), \
		.num_items = ARRAY_SIZE(_enums), \
	}

#define DEFINE_COUNTER_ENUM(_name, _strs) \
	struct counter_available _name = { \
		.strs = (_strs), \
		.num_items = ARRAY_SIZE(_strs), \
	}

#define COUNTER_COMP_DEVICE_ENUM(_name, _get, _set, _available) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ENUM, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.device_u32_read = (_get), \
	.device_u32_write = (_set), \
	.priv = &(_available), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_ENUM(_name, _get, _set, _available) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ENUM, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.count_u32_read = (_get), \
	.count_u32_write = (_set), \
	.priv = &(_available), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_ENUM(_name, _get, _set, _available) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ENUM, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.signal_u32_read = (_get), \
	.signal_u32_write = (_set), \
	.priv = &(_available), \
}

struct counter_array {
	enum counter_comp_type type;
	const struct counter_available *avail;
	union {
		size_t length;
		size_t idx;
	};
};

#define DEFINE_COUNTER_ARRAY_U64(_name, _length) \
	struct counter_array _name = { \
		.type = COUNTER_COMP_U64, \
		.length = (_length), \
	}

#define DEFINE_COUNTER_ARRAY_CAPTURE(_name, _length) \
	DEFINE_COUNTER_ARRAY_U64(_name, _length)

#define DEFINE_COUNTER_ARRAY_POLARITY(_name, _available, _length) \
	struct counter_array _name = { \
		.type = COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_POLARITY, \
		.avail = &(_available), \
		.length = (_length), \
	}

#define COUNTER_COMP_DEVICE_ARRAY_U64(_name, _read, _write, _array) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.device_array_u64_read = (_read), \
	.device_array_u64_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_array), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_ARRAY_U64(_name, _read, _write, _array) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.count_array_u64_read = (_read), \
	.count_array_u64_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_array), \
}
#define COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_ARRAY_U64(_name, _read, _write, _array) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY, \
	.name = (_name), \
	.signal_array_u64_read = (_read), \
	.signal_array_u64_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_array), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_CAPTURE(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U64("capture", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_CEILING(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U64("ceiling", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_MODE(_read, _write, _available) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_MODE, \
	.name = "count_mode", \
	.count_u32_read = (_read), \
	.count_u32_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_available), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_DIRECTION(_read) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_DIRECTION, \
	.name = "direction", \
	.count_u32_read = (_read), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_ENABLE(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_BOOL("enable", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_FLOOR(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U64("floor", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_POLARITY(_read, _write, _available) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_SIGNAL_POLARITY, \
	.name = "polarity", \
	.signal_u32_read = (_read), \
	.signal_u32_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_available), \
}

#define COUNTER_COMP_PRESET(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_U64("preset", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_PRESET_ENABLE(_read, _write) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_BOOL("preset_enable", _read, _write)

#define COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY_CAPTURE(_read, _write, _array) \
	COUNTER_COMP_COUNT_ARRAY_U64("capture", _read, _write, _array)

#define COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY_POLARITY(_read, _write, _array) \
{ \
	.type = COUNTER_COMP_ARRAY, \
	.name = "polarity", \
	.signal_array_u32_read = (_read), \
	.signal_array_u32_write = (_write), \
	.priv = &(_array), \
}

#endif /* _COUNTER_H_ */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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