Current File : //lib/modules/6.8.0-59-generic/build/arch/powerpc/include/asm/io.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
#ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_IO_H
#define _ASM_POWERPC_IO_H
#ifdef __KERNEL__

/*
 */

/* Check of existence of legacy devices */
extern int check_legacy_ioport(unsigned long base_port);
#define I8042_DATA_REG	0x60
#define FDC_BASE	0x3f0

#if defined(CONFIG_PPC64) && defined(CONFIG_PCI)
extern struct pci_dev *isa_bridge_pcidev;
/*
 * has legacy ISA devices ?
 */
#define arch_has_dev_port()	(isa_bridge_pcidev != NULL || isa_io_special)
#endif

#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include <asm/synch.h>
#include <asm/delay.h>
#include <asm/mmiowb.h>
#include <asm/mmu.h>

#define SIO_CONFIG_RA	0x398
#define SIO_CONFIG_RD	0x399

/* 32 bits uses slightly different variables for the various IO
 * bases. Most of this file only uses _IO_BASE though which we
 * define properly based on the platform
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_PCI
#define _IO_BASE	POISON_POINTER_DELTA
#define _ISA_MEM_BASE	0
#define PCI_DRAM_OFFSET 0
#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC32)
#define _IO_BASE	isa_io_base
#define _ISA_MEM_BASE	isa_mem_base
#define PCI_DRAM_OFFSET	pci_dram_offset
#else
#define _IO_BASE	pci_io_base
#define _ISA_MEM_BASE	isa_mem_base
#define PCI_DRAM_OFFSET	0
#endif

extern unsigned long isa_io_base;
extern unsigned long pci_io_base;
extern unsigned long pci_dram_offset;

extern resource_size_t isa_mem_base;

/* Boolean set by platform if PIO accesses are suppored while _IO_BASE
 * is not set or addresses cannot be translated to MMIO. This is typically
 * set when the platform supports "special" PIO accesses via a non memory
 * mapped mechanism, and allows things like the early udbg UART code to
 * function.
 */
extern bool isa_io_special;

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_PIO) || defined(CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO)
#error CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_{PIO,MMIO} are not yet supported on 32 bits
#endif
#endif

/*
 *
 * Low level MMIO accessors
 *
 * This provides the non-bus specific accessors to MMIO. Those are PowerPC
 * specific and thus shouldn't be used in generic code. The accessors
 * provided here are:
 *
 *	in_8, in_le16, in_be16, in_le32, in_be32, in_le64, in_be64
 *	out_8, out_le16, out_be16, out_le32, out_be32, out_le64, out_be64
 *	_insb, _insw_ns, _insl_ns, _outsb, _outsw_ns, _outsl_ns
 *
 * Those operate directly on a kernel virtual address. Note that the prototype
 * for the out_* accessors has the arguments in opposite order from the usual
 * linux PCI accessors. Unlike those, they take the address first and the value
 * next.
 *
 * Note: I might drop the _ns suffix on the stream operations soon as it is
 * simply normal for stream operations to not swap in the first place.
 *
 */

/* -mprefixed can generate offsets beyond range, fall back hack */
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_KERNEL_PREFIXED
#define DEF_MMIO_IN_X(name, size, insn)				\
static inline u##size name(const volatile u##size __iomem *addr)	\
{									\
	u##size ret;							\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %0,0,%1;twi 0,%0,0;isync"	\
		: "=r" (ret) : "r" (addr) : "memory");			\
	return ret;							\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(name, size, insn)				\
static inline void name(volatile u##size __iomem *addr, u##size val)	\
{									\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %1,0,%0"			\
		: : "r" (addr), "r" (val) : "memory");			\
	mmiowb_set_pending();						\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_IN_D(name, size, insn)				\
static inline u##size name(const volatile u##size __iomem *addr)	\
{									\
	u##size ret;							\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %0,0(%1);twi 0,%0,0;isync"\
		: "=r" (ret) : "b" (addr) : "memory");	\
	return ret;							\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(name, size, insn)				\
static inline void name(volatile u##size __iomem *addr, u##size val)	\
{									\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %1,0(%0)"			\
		: : "b" (addr), "r" (val) : "memory");	\
	mmiowb_set_pending();						\
}
#else
#define DEF_MMIO_IN_X(name, size, insn)				\
static inline u##size name(const volatile u##size __iomem *addr)	\
{									\
	u##size ret;							\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %0,%y1;twi 0,%0,0;isync"	\
		: "=r" (ret) : "Z" (*addr) : "memory");			\
	return ret;							\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(name, size, insn)				\
static inline void name(volatile u##size __iomem *addr, u##size val)	\
{									\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn" %1,%y0"			\
		: "=Z" (*addr) : "r" (val) : "memory");			\
	mmiowb_set_pending();						\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_IN_D(name, size, insn)				\
static inline u##size name(const volatile u##size __iomem *addr)	\
{									\
	u##size ret;							\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn"%U1%X1 %0,%1;twi 0,%0,0;isync"\
		: "=r" (ret) : "m<>" (*addr) : "memory");	\
	return ret;							\
}

#define DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(name, size, insn)				\
static inline void name(volatile u##size __iomem *addr, u##size val)	\
{									\
	__asm__ __volatile__("sync;"#insn"%U0%X0 %1,%0"			\
		: "=m<>" (*addr) : "r" (val) : "memory");	\
	mmiowb_set_pending();						\
}
#endif

DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_8,     8, lbz);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_8,   8, stb);

#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_be16, 16, lhz);
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_be32, 32, lwz);
DEF_MMIO_IN_X(in_le16, 16, lhbrx);
DEF_MMIO_IN_X(in_le32, 32, lwbrx);

DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_be16, 16, sth);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_be32, 32, stw);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(out_le16, 16, sthbrx);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(out_le32, 32, stwbrx);
#else
DEF_MMIO_IN_X(in_be16, 16, lhbrx);
DEF_MMIO_IN_X(in_be32, 32, lwbrx);
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_le16, 16, lhz);
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_le32, 32, lwz);

DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(out_be16, 16, sthbrx);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_X(out_be32, 32, stwbrx);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_le16, 16, sth);
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_le32, 32, stw);

#endif /* __BIG_ENDIAN */

#ifdef __powerpc64__

#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_be64, 64, std);
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_be64, 64, ld);

/* There is no asm instructions for 64 bits reverse loads and stores */
static inline u64 in_le64(const volatile u64 __iomem *addr)
{
	return swab64(in_be64(addr));
}

static inline void out_le64(volatile u64 __iomem *addr, u64 val)
{
	out_be64(addr, swab64(val));
}
#else
DEF_MMIO_OUT_D(out_le64, 64, std);
DEF_MMIO_IN_D(in_le64, 64, ld);

/* There is no asm instructions for 64 bits reverse loads and stores */
static inline u64 in_be64(const volatile u64 __iomem *addr)
{
	return swab64(in_le64(addr));
}

static inline void out_be64(volatile u64 __iomem *addr, u64 val)
{
	out_le64(addr, swab64(val));
}

#endif
#endif /* __powerpc64__ */

/*
 * Low level IO stream instructions are defined out of line for now
 */
extern void _insb(const volatile u8 __iomem *addr, void *buf, long count);
extern void _outsb(volatile u8 __iomem *addr,const void *buf,long count);
extern void _insw_ns(const volatile u16 __iomem *addr, void *buf, long count);
extern void _outsw_ns(volatile u16 __iomem *addr, const void *buf, long count);
extern void _insl_ns(const volatile u32 __iomem *addr, void *buf, long count);
extern void _outsl_ns(volatile u32 __iomem *addr, const void *buf, long count);

/* The _ns naming is historical and will be removed. For now, just #define
 * the non _ns equivalent names
 */
#define _insw	_insw_ns
#define _insl	_insl_ns
#define _outsw	_outsw_ns
#define _outsl	_outsl_ns


/*
 * memset_io, memcpy_toio, memcpy_fromio base implementations are out of line
 */

extern void _memset_io(volatile void __iomem *addr, int c, unsigned long n);
extern void _memcpy_fromio(void *dest, const volatile void __iomem *src,
			   unsigned long n);
extern void _memcpy_toio(volatile void __iomem *dest, const void *src,
			 unsigned long n);

/*
 *
 * PCI and standard ISA accessors
 *
 * Those are globally defined linux accessors for devices on PCI or ISA
 * busses. They follow the Linux defined semantics. The current implementation
 * for PowerPC is as close as possible to the x86 version of these, and thus
 * provides fairly heavy weight barriers for the non-raw versions
 *
 * In addition, they support a hook mechanism when CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO
 * or CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_PIO are set allowing the platform to provide its
 * own implementation of some or all of the accessors.
 */

/*
 * Include the EEH definitions when EEH is enabled only so they don't get
 * in the way when building for 32 bits
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_EEH
#include <asm/eeh.h>
#endif

/* Shortcut to the MMIO argument pointer */
#define PCI_IO_ADDR	volatile void __iomem *

/* Indirect IO address tokens:
 *
 * When CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO is set, the platform can provide hooks
 * on all MMIOs. (Note that this is all 64 bits only for now)
 *
 * To help platforms who may need to differentiate MMIO addresses in
 * their hooks, a bitfield is reserved for use by the platform near the
 * top of MMIO addresses (not PIO, those have to cope the hard way).
 *
 * The highest address in the kernel virtual space are:
 *
 *  d0003fffffffffff	# with Hash MMU
 *  c00fffffffffffff	# with Radix MMU
 *
 * The top 4 bits are reserved as the region ID on hash, leaving us 8 bits
 * that can be used for the field.
 *
 * The direct IO mapping operations will then mask off those bits
 * before doing the actual access, though that only happen when
 * CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO is set, thus be careful when you use that
 * mechanism
 *
 * For PIO, there is a separate CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_PIO which makes
 * all PIO functions call through a hook.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO
#define PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_SHIFT	52
#define PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_MASK	(0xfful << PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_SHIFT)
#define PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr)						\
	((PCI_IO_ADDR)(((unsigned long)(addr)) & ~PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_MASK))
#define PCI_GET_ADDR_TOKEN(addr)					\
	(((unsigned long)(addr) & PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_MASK) >> 		\
		PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_SHIFT)
#define PCI_SET_ADDR_TOKEN(addr, token) 				\
do {									\
	unsigned long __a = (unsigned long)(addr);			\
	__a &= ~PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_MASK;					\
	__a |= ((unsigned long)(token)) << PCI_IO_IND_TOKEN_SHIFT;	\
	(addr) = (void __iomem *)__a;					\
} while(0)
#else
#define PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr) (addr)
#endif


/*
 * Non ordered and non-swapping "raw" accessors
 */

static inline unsigned char __raw_readb(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	return *(volatile unsigned char __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr);
}
#define __raw_readb __raw_readb

static inline unsigned short __raw_readw(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	return *(volatile unsigned short __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr);
}
#define __raw_readw __raw_readw

static inline unsigned int __raw_readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	return *(volatile unsigned int __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr);
}
#define __raw_readl __raw_readl

static inline void __raw_writeb(unsigned char v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	*(volatile unsigned char __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr) = v;
}
#define __raw_writeb __raw_writeb

static inline void __raw_writew(unsigned short v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	*(volatile unsigned short __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr) = v;
}
#define __raw_writew __raw_writew

static inline void __raw_writel(unsigned int v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	*(volatile unsigned int __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr) = v;
}
#define __raw_writel __raw_writel

#ifdef __powerpc64__
static inline unsigned long __raw_readq(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	return *(volatile unsigned long __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr);
}
#define __raw_readq __raw_readq

static inline void __raw_writeq(unsigned long v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	*(volatile unsigned long __force *)PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr) = v;
}
#define __raw_writeq __raw_writeq

static inline void __raw_writeq_be(unsigned long v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
{
	__raw_writeq((__force unsigned long)cpu_to_be64(v), addr);
}
#define __raw_writeq_be __raw_writeq_be

/*
 * Real mode versions of the above. Those instructions are only supposed
 * to be used in hypervisor real mode as per the architecture spec.
 */
static inline void __raw_rm_writeb(u8 val, volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      stbcix %0,0,%1;  \
			      .machine pop;"
		: : "r" (val), "r" (paddr) : "memory");
}

static inline void __raw_rm_writew(u16 val, volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      sthcix %0,0,%1;  \
			      .machine pop;"
		: : "r" (val), "r" (paddr) : "memory");
}

static inline void __raw_rm_writel(u32 val, volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      stwcix %0,0,%1;  \
			      .machine pop;"
		: : "r" (val), "r" (paddr) : "memory");
}

static inline void __raw_rm_writeq(u64 val, volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      stdcix %0,0,%1;  \
			      .machine pop;"
		: : "r" (val), "r" (paddr) : "memory");
}

static inline void __raw_rm_writeq_be(u64 val, volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	__raw_rm_writeq((__force u64)cpu_to_be64(val), paddr);
}

static inline u8 __raw_rm_readb(volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	u8 ret;
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      lbzcix %0,0, %1; \
			      .machine pop;"
			     : "=r" (ret) : "r" (paddr) : "memory");
	return ret;
}

static inline u16 __raw_rm_readw(volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	u16 ret;
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      lhzcix %0,0, %1; \
			      .machine pop;"
			     : "=r" (ret) : "r" (paddr) : "memory");
	return ret;
}

static inline u32 __raw_rm_readl(volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	u32 ret;
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      lwzcix %0,0, %1; \
			      .machine pop;"
			     : "=r" (ret) : "r" (paddr) : "memory");
	return ret;
}

static inline u64 __raw_rm_readq(volatile void __iomem *paddr)
{
	u64 ret;
	__asm__ __volatile__(".machine push;   \
			      .machine power6; \
			      ldcix %0,0, %1;  \
			      .machine pop;"
			     : "=r" (ret) : "r" (paddr) : "memory");
	return ret;
}
#endif /* __powerpc64__ */

/*
 *
 * PCI PIO and MMIO accessors.
 *
 *
 * On 32 bits, PIO operations have a recovery mechanism in case they trigger
 * machine checks (which they occasionally do when probing non existing
 * IO ports on some platforms, like PowerMac and 8xx).
 * I always found it to be of dubious reliability and I am tempted to get
 * rid of it one of these days. So if you think it's important to keep it,
 * please voice up asap. We never had it for 64 bits and I do not intend
 * to port it over
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32

#define __do_in_asm(name, op)				\
static inline unsigned int name(unsigned int port)	\
{							\
	unsigned int x;					\
	__asm__ __volatile__(				\
		"sync\n"				\
		"0:"	op "	%0,0,%1\n"		\
		"1:	twi	0,%0,0\n"		\
		"2:	isync\n"			\
		"3:	nop\n"				\
		"4:\n"					\
		".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"		\
		"5:	li	%0,-1\n"		\
		"	b	4b\n"			\
		".previous\n"				\
		EX_TABLE(0b, 5b)			\
		EX_TABLE(1b, 5b)			\
		EX_TABLE(2b, 5b)			\
		EX_TABLE(3b, 5b)			\
		: "=&r" (x)				\
		: "r" (port + _IO_BASE)			\
		: "memory");  				\
	return x;					\
}

#define __do_out_asm(name, op)				\
static inline void name(unsigned int val, unsigned int port) \
{							\
	__asm__ __volatile__(				\
		"sync\n"				\
		"0:" op " %0,0,%1\n"			\
		"1:	sync\n"				\
		"2:\n"					\
		EX_TABLE(0b, 2b)			\
		EX_TABLE(1b, 2b)			\
		: : "r" (val), "r" (port + _IO_BASE)	\
		: "memory");   	   	   		\
}

__do_in_asm(_rec_inb, "lbzx")
__do_in_asm(_rec_inw, "lhbrx")
__do_in_asm(_rec_inl, "lwbrx")
__do_out_asm(_rec_outb, "stbx")
__do_out_asm(_rec_outw, "sthbrx")
__do_out_asm(_rec_outl, "stwbrx")

#endif /* CONFIG_PPC32 */

/* The "__do_*" operations below provide the actual "base" implementation
 * for each of the defined accessors. Some of them use the out_* functions
 * directly, some of them still use EEH, though we might change that in the
 * future. Those macros below provide the necessary argument swapping and
 * handling of the IO base for PIO.
 *
 * They are themselves used by the macros that define the actual accessors
 * and can be used by the hooks if any.
 *
 * Note that PIO operations are always defined in terms of their corresonding
 * MMIO operations. That allows platforms like iSeries who want to modify the
 * behaviour of both to only hook on the MMIO version and get both. It's also
 * possible to hook directly at the toplevel PIO operation if they have to
 * be handled differently
 */
#define __do_writeb(val, addr)	out_8(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writew(val, addr)	out_le16(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writel(val, addr)	out_le32(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writeq(val, addr)	out_le64(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writew_be(val, addr) out_be16(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writel_be(val, addr) out_be32(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)
#define __do_writeq_be(val, addr) out_be64(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), val)

#ifdef CONFIG_EEH
#define __do_readb(addr)	eeh_readb(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readw(addr)	eeh_readw(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readl(addr)	eeh_readl(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readq(addr)	eeh_readq(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readw_be(addr)	eeh_readw_be(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readl_be(addr)	eeh_readl_be(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readq_be(addr)	eeh_readq_be(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#else /* CONFIG_EEH */
#define __do_readb(addr)	in_8(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readw(addr)	in_le16(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readl(addr)	in_le32(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readq(addr)	in_le64(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readw_be(addr)	in_be16(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readl_be(addr)	in_be32(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#define __do_readq_be(addr)	in_be64(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr))
#endif /* !defined(CONFIG_EEH) */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
#define __do_outb(val, port)	_rec_outb(val, port)
#define __do_outw(val, port)	_rec_outw(val, port)
#define __do_outl(val, port)	_rec_outl(val, port)
#define __do_inb(port)		_rec_inb(port)
#define __do_inw(port)		_rec_inw(port)
#define __do_inl(port)		_rec_inl(port)
#else /* CONFIG_PPC32 */
#define __do_outb(val, port)	writeb(val,(PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+port));
#define __do_outw(val, port)	writew(val,(PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+port));
#define __do_outl(val, port)	writel(val,(PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+port));
#define __do_inb(port)		readb((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE + port));
#define __do_inw(port)		readw((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE + port));
#define __do_inl(port)		readl((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE + port));
#endif /* !CONFIG_PPC32 */

#ifdef CONFIG_EEH
#define __do_readsb(a, b, n)	eeh_readsb(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#define __do_readsw(a, b, n)	eeh_readsw(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#define __do_readsl(a, b, n)	eeh_readsl(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#else /* CONFIG_EEH */
#define __do_readsb(a, b, n)	_insb(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#define __do_readsw(a, b, n)	_insw(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#define __do_readsl(a, b, n)	_insl(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a), (b), (n))
#endif /* !CONFIG_EEH */
#define __do_writesb(a, b, n)	_outsb(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a),(b),(n))
#define __do_writesw(a, b, n)	_outsw(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a),(b),(n))
#define __do_writesl(a, b, n)	_outsl(PCI_FIX_ADDR(a),(b),(n))

#define __do_insb(p, b, n)	readsb((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)), (b), (n))
#define __do_insw(p, b, n)	readsw((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)), (b), (n))
#define __do_insl(p, b, n)	readsl((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)), (b), (n))
#define __do_outsb(p, b, n)	writesb((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)),(b),(n))
#define __do_outsw(p, b, n)	writesw((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)),(b),(n))
#define __do_outsl(p, b, n)	writesl((PCI_IO_ADDR)(_IO_BASE+(p)),(b),(n))

#define __do_memset_io(addr, c, n)	\
				_memset_io(PCI_FIX_ADDR(addr), c, n)
#define __do_memcpy_toio(dst, src, n)	\
				_memcpy_toio(PCI_FIX_ADDR(dst), src, n)

#ifdef CONFIG_EEH
#define __do_memcpy_fromio(dst, src, n)	\
				eeh_memcpy_fromio(dst, PCI_FIX_ADDR(src), n)
#else /* CONFIG_EEH */
#define __do_memcpy_fromio(dst, src, n)	\
				_memcpy_fromio(dst,PCI_FIX_ADDR(src),n)
#endif /* !CONFIG_EEH */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_PIO
#define DEF_PCI_HOOK_pio(x)	x
#else
#define DEF_PCI_HOOK_pio(x)	NULL
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_MMIO
#define DEF_PCI_HOOK_mem(x)	x
#else
#define DEF_PCI_HOOK_mem(x)	NULL
#endif

/* Structure containing all the hooks */
extern struct ppc_pci_io {

#define DEF_PCI_AC_RET(name, ret, at, al, space, aa)	ret (*name) at;
#define DEF_PCI_AC_NORET(name, at, al, space, aa)	void (*name) at;

#include <asm/io-defs.h>

#undef DEF_PCI_AC_RET
#undef DEF_PCI_AC_NORET

} ppc_pci_io;

/* The inline wrappers */
#define DEF_PCI_AC_RET(name, ret, at, al, space, aa)		\
static inline ret name at					\
{								\
	if (DEF_PCI_HOOK_##space(ppc_pci_io.name) != NULL)	\
		return ppc_pci_io.name al;			\
	return __do_##name al;					\
}

#define DEF_PCI_AC_NORET(name, at, al, space, aa)		\
static inline void name at					\
{								\
	if (DEF_PCI_HOOK_##space(ppc_pci_io.name) != NULL)		\
		ppc_pci_io.name al;				\
	else							\
		__do_##name al;					\
}

#include <asm/io-defs.h>

#undef DEF_PCI_AC_RET
#undef DEF_PCI_AC_NORET

/* Some drivers check for the presence of readq & writeq with
 * a #ifdef, so we make them happy here.
 */
#define readb readb
#define readw readw
#define readl readl
#define writeb writeb
#define writew writew
#define writel writel
#define readsb readsb
#define readsw readsw
#define readsl readsl
#define writesb writesb
#define writesw writesw
#define writesl writesl
#define inb inb
#define inw inw
#define inl inl
#define outb outb
#define outw outw
#define outl outl
#define insb insb
#define insw insw
#define insl insl
#define outsb outsb
#define outsw outsw
#define outsl outsl
#ifdef __powerpc64__
#define readq	readq
#define writeq	writeq
#endif
#define memset_io memset_io
#define memcpy_fromio memcpy_fromio
#define memcpy_toio memcpy_toio

/*
 * We don't do relaxed operations yet, at least not with this semantic
 */
#define readb_relaxed(addr)	readb(addr)
#define readw_relaxed(addr)	readw(addr)
#define readl_relaxed(addr)	readl(addr)
#define readq_relaxed(addr)	readq(addr)
#define writeb_relaxed(v, addr)	writeb(v, addr)
#define writew_relaxed(v, addr)	writew(v, addr)
#define writel_relaxed(v, addr)	writel(v, addr)
#define writeq_relaxed(v, addr)	writeq(v, addr)

#ifndef CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP
/*
 * Here comes the implementation of the IOMAP interfaces.
 */
static inline unsigned int ioread16be(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readw_be(addr);
}
#define ioread16be ioread16be

static inline unsigned int ioread32be(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readl_be(addr);
}
#define ioread32be ioread32be

#ifdef __powerpc64__
static inline u64 ioread64_lo_hi(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readq(addr);
}
#define ioread64_lo_hi ioread64_lo_hi

static inline u64 ioread64_hi_lo(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readq(addr);
}
#define ioread64_hi_lo ioread64_hi_lo

static inline u64 ioread64be(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readq_be(addr);
}
#define ioread64be ioread64be

static inline u64 ioread64be_lo_hi(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readq_be(addr);
}
#define ioread64be_lo_hi ioread64be_lo_hi

static inline u64 ioread64be_hi_lo(const void __iomem *addr)
{
	return readq_be(addr);
}
#define ioread64be_hi_lo ioread64be_hi_lo
#endif /* __powerpc64__ */

static inline void iowrite16be(u16 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writew_be(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite16be iowrite16be

static inline void iowrite32be(u32 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writel_be(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite32be iowrite32be

#ifdef __powerpc64__
static inline void iowrite64_lo_hi(u64 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writeq(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite64_lo_hi iowrite64_lo_hi

static inline void iowrite64_hi_lo(u64 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writeq(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite64_hi_lo iowrite64_hi_lo

static inline void iowrite64be(u64 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writeq_be(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite64be iowrite64be

static inline void iowrite64be_lo_hi(u64 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writeq_be(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite64be_lo_hi iowrite64be_lo_hi

static inline void iowrite64be_hi_lo(u64 val, void __iomem *addr)
{
	writeq_be(val, addr);
}
#define iowrite64be_hi_lo iowrite64be_hi_lo
#endif /* __powerpc64__ */

struct pci_dev;
void pci_iounmap(struct pci_dev *dev, void __iomem *addr);
#define pci_iounmap pci_iounmap
void __iomem *ioport_map(unsigned long port, unsigned int len);
#define ioport_map ioport_map
#endif

static inline void iosync(void)
{
        __asm__ __volatile__ ("sync" : : : "memory");
}

/* Enforce in-order execution of data I/O.
 * No distinction between read/write on PPC; use eieio for all three.
 * Those are fairly week though. They don't provide a barrier between
 * MMIO and cacheable storage nor do they provide a barrier vs. locks,
 * they only provide barriers between 2 __raw MMIO operations and
 * possibly break write combining.
 */
#define iobarrier_rw() eieio()
#define iobarrier_r()  eieio()
#define iobarrier_w()  eieio()


/*
 * output pause versions need a delay at least for the
 * w83c105 ide controller in a p610.
 */
#define inb_p(port)             inb(port)
#define outb_p(val, port)       (udelay(1), outb((val), (port)))
#define inw_p(port)             inw(port)
#define outw_p(val, port)       (udelay(1), outw((val), (port)))
#define inl_p(port)             inl(port)
#define outl_p(val, port)       (udelay(1), outl((val), (port)))


#define IO_SPACE_LIMIT ~(0UL)

/**
 * ioremap     -   map bus memory into CPU space
 * @address:   bus address of the memory
 * @size:      size of the resource to map
 *
 * ioremap performs a platform specific sequence of operations to
 * make bus memory CPU accessible via the readb/readw/readl/writeb/
 * writew/writel functions and the other mmio helpers. The returned
 * address is not guaranteed to be usable directly as a virtual
 * address.
 *
 * We provide a few variations of it:
 *
 * * ioremap is the standard one and provides non-cacheable guarded mappings
 *   and can be hooked by the platform via ppc_md
 *
 * * ioremap_prot allows to specify the page flags as an argument and can
 *   also be hooked by the platform via ppc_md.
 *
 * * ioremap_wc enables write combining
 *
 * * ioremap_wt enables write through
 *
 * * ioremap_coherent maps coherent cached memory
 *
 * * iounmap undoes such a mapping and can be hooked
 *
 * * __ioremap_caller is the same as above but takes an explicit caller
 *   reference rather than using __builtin_return_address(0)
 *
 */
extern void __iomem *ioremap(phys_addr_t address, unsigned long size);
#define ioremap ioremap
#define ioremap_prot ioremap_prot
extern void __iomem *ioremap_wc(phys_addr_t address, unsigned long size);
#define ioremap_wc ioremap_wc

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
void __iomem *ioremap_wt(phys_addr_t address, unsigned long size);
#define ioremap_wt ioremap_wt
#endif

void __iomem *ioremap_coherent(phys_addr_t address, unsigned long size);
#define ioremap_cache(addr, size) \
	ioremap_prot((addr), (size), pgprot_val(PAGE_KERNEL))

#define iounmap iounmap

void __iomem *ioremap_phb(phys_addr_t paddr, unsigned long size);

int early_ioremap_range(unsigned long ea, phys_addr_t pa,
			unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot);

extern void __iomem *__ioremap_caller(phys_addr_t, unsigned long size,
				      pgprot_t prot, void *caller);

/*
 * When CONFIG_PPC_INDIRECT_PIO is set, we use the generic iomap implementation
 * which needs some additional definitions here. They basically allow PIO
 * space overall to be 1GB. This will work as long as we never try to use
 * iomap to map MMIO below 1GB which should be fine on ppc64
 */
#define HAVE_ARCH_PIO_SIZE		1
#define PIO_OFFSET			0x00000000UL
#define PIO_MASK			(FULL_IO_SIZE - 1)
#define PIO_RESERVED			(FULL_IO_SIZE)

#define mmio_read16be(addr)		readw_be(addr)
#define mmio_read32be(addr)		readl_be(addr)
#define mmio_read64be(addr)		readq_be(addr)
#define mmio_write16be(val, addr)	writew_be(val, addr)
#define mmio_write32be(val, addr)	writel_be(val, addr)
#define mmio_write64be(val, addr)	writeq_be(val, addr)
#define mmio_insb(addr, dst, count)	readsb(addr, dst, count)
#define mmio_insw(addr, dst, count)	readsw(addr, dst, count)
#define mmio_insl(addr, dst, count)	readsl(addr, dst, count)
#define mmio_outsb(addr, src, count)	writesb(addr, src, count)
#define mmio_outsw(addr, src, count)	writesw(addr, src, count)
#define mmio_outsl(addr, src, count)	writesl(addr, src, count)

/**
 *	virt_to_phys	-	map virtual addresses to physical
 *	@address: address to remap
 *
 *	The returned physical address is the physical (CPU) mapping for
 *	the memory address given. It is only valid to use this function on
 *	addresses directly mapped or allocated via kmalloc.
 *
 *	This function does not give bus mappings for DMA transfers. In
 *	almost all conceivable cases a device driver should not be using
 *	this function
 */
static inline unsigned long virt_to_phys(const volatile void * address)
{
	WARN_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL) && !virt_addr_valid(address));

	return __pa((unsigned long)address);
}
#define virt_to_phys virt_to_phys

/**
 *	phys_to_virt	-	map physical address to virtual
 *	@address: address to remap
 *
 *	The returned virtual address is a current CPU mapping for
 *	the memory address given. It is only valid to use this function on
 *	addresses that have a kernel mapping
 *
 *	This function does not handle bus mappings for DMA transfers. In
 *	almost all conceivable cases a device driver should not be using
 *	this function
 */
static inline void * phys_to_virt(unsigned long address)
{
	return (void *)__va(address);
}
#define phys_to_virt phys_to_virt

/*
 * Change "struct page" to physical address.
 */
static inline phys_addr_t page_to_phys(struct page *page)
{
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

	WARN_ON(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL) && !pfn_valid(pfn));

	return PFN_PHYS(pfn);
}

/*
 * 32 bits still uses virt_to_bus() for it's implementation of DMA
 * mappings se we have to keep it defined here. We also have some old
 * drivers (shame shame shame) that use bus_to_virt() and haven't been
 * fixed yet so I need to define it here.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32

static inline unsigned long virt_to_bus(volatile void * address)
{
        if (address == NULL)
		return 0;
        return __pa(address) + PCI_DRAM_OFFSET;
}
#define virt_to_bus virt_to_bus

static inline void * bus_to_virt(unsigned long address)
{
        if (address == 0)
		return NULL;
        return __va(address - PCI_DRAM_OFFSET);
}
#define bus_to_virt bus_to_virt

#endif /* CONFIG_PPC32 */

/* access ports */
#define setbits32(_addr, _v) out_be32((_addr), in_be32(_addr) |  (_v))
#define clrbits32(_addr, _v) out_be32((_addr), in_be32(_addr) & ~(_v))

#define setbits16(_addr, _v) out_be16((_addr), in_be16(_addr) |  (_v))
#define clrbits16(_addr, _v) out_be16((_addr), in_be16(_addr) & ~(_v))

#define setbits8(_addr, _v) out_8((_addr), in_8(_addr) |  (_v))
#define clrbits8(_addr, _v) out_8((_addr), in_8(_addr) & ~(_v))

/* Clear and set bits in one shot.  These macros can be used to clear and
 * set multiple bits in a register using a single read-modify-write.  These
 * macros can also be used to set a multiple-bit bit pattern using a mask,
 * by specifying the mask in the 'clear' parameter and the new bit pattern
 * in the 'set' parameter.
 */

#define clrsetbits(type, addr, clear, set) \
	out_##type((addr), (in_##type(addr) & ~(clear)) | (set))

#ifdef __powerpc64__
#define clrsetbits_be64(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(be64, addr, clear, set)
#define clrsetbits_le64(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(le64, addr, clear, set)
#endif

#define clrsetbits_be32(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(be32, addr, clear, set)
#define clrsetbits_le32(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(le32, addr, clear, set)

#define clrsetbits_be16(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(be16, addr, clear, set)
#define clrsetbits_le16(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(le16, addr, clear, set)

#define clrsetbits_8(addr, clear, set) clrsetbits(8, addr, clear, set)

#include <asm-generic/io.h>

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */

#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_IO_H */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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