Current File : //lib/modules/6.8.0-59-generic/build/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/mmu-hash.h
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
#ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_MMU_HASH_H_
#define _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_MMU_HASH_H_
/*
 * PowerPC64 memory management structures
 *
 * Dave Engebretsen & Mike Corrigan <{engebret|mikejc}@us.ibm.com>
 *   PPC64 rework.
 */

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/bug.h>
#include <asm/asm-const.h>

/*
 * This is necessary to get the definition of PGTABLE_RANGE which we
 * need for various slices related matters. Note that this isn't the
 * complete pgtable.h but only a portion of it.
 */
#include <asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/book3s/64/slice.h>
#include <asm/task_size_64.h>
#include <asm/cpu_has_feature.h>

/*
 * SLB
 */

#define SLB_NUM_BOLTED		2
#define SLB_CACHE_ENTRIES	8
#define SLB_MIN_SIZE		32

/* Bits in the SLB ESID word */
#define SLB_ESID_V		ASM_CONST(0x0000000008000000) /* valid */

/* Bits in the SLB VSID word */
#define SLB_VSID_SHIFT		12
#define SLB_VSID_SHIFT_256M	SLB_VSID_SHIFT
#define SLB_VSID_SHIFT_1T	24
#define SLB_VSID_SSIZE_SHIFT	62
#define SLB_VSID_B		ASM_CONST(0xc000000000000000)
#define SLB_VSID_B_256M		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000000)
#define SLB_VSID_B_1T		ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000)
#define SLB_VSID_KS		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000800)
#define SLB_VSID_KP		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000400)
#define SLB_VSID_N		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000200) /* no-execute */
#define SLB_VSID_L		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000100)
#define SLB_VSID_C		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000080) /* class */
#define SLB_VSID_LP		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000030)
#define SLB_VSID_LP_00		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000000)
#define SLB_VSID_LP_01		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000010)
#define SLB_VSID_LP_10		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000020)
#define SLB_VSID_LP_11		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000030)
#define SLB_VSID_LLP		(SLB_VSID_L|SLB_VSID_LP)

#define SLB_VSID_KERNEL		(SLB_VSID_KP)
#define SLB_VSID_USER		(SLB_VSID_KP|SLB_VSID_KS|SLB_VSID_C)

#define SLBIE_C			(0x08000000)
#define SLBIE_SSIZE_SHIFT	25

/*
 * Hash table
 */

#define HPTES_PER_GROUP 8

#define HPTE_V_SSIZE_SHIFT	62
#define HPTE_V_AVPN_SHIFT	7
#define HPTE_V_COMMON_BITS	ASM_CONST(0x000fffffffffffff)
#define HPTE_V_AVPN		ASM_CONST(0x3fffffffffffff80)
#define HPTE_V_AVPN_3_0		ASM_CONST(0x000fffffffffff80)
#define HPTE_V_AVPN_VAL(x)	(((x) & HPTE_V_AVPN) >> HPTE_V_AVPN_SHIFT)
#define HPTE_V_COMPARE(x,y)	(!(((x) ^ (y)) & 0xffffffffffffff80UL))
#define HPTE_V_BOLTED		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000010)
#define HPTE_V_LOCK		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000008)
#define HPTE_V_LARGE		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000004)
#define HPTE_V_SECONDARY	ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000002)
#define HPTE_V_VALID		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000001)

/*
 * ISA 3.0 has a different HPTE format.
 */
#define HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_SHIFT	58
#define HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_MASK	(3ull << HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_SHIFT)
#define HPTE_R_PP0		ASM_CONST(0x8000000000000000)
#define HPTE_R_TS		ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_HI		ASM_CONST(0x3000000000000000)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_BIT4		ASM_CONST(0x2000000000000000)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_BIT3		ASM_CONST(0x1000000000000000)
#define HPTE_R_RPN_SHIFT	12
#define HPTE_R_RPN		ASM_CONST(0x0ffffffffffff000)
#define HPTE_R_RPN_3_0		ASM_CONST(0x01fffffffffff000)
#define HPTE_R_PP		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000003)
#define HPTE_R_PPP		ASM_CONST(0x8000000000000003)
#define HPTE_R_N		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000004)
#define HPTE_R_G		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000008)
#define HPTE_R_M		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000010)
#define HPTE_R_I		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000020)
#define HPTE_R_W		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000040)
#define HPTE_R_WIMG		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000078)
#define HPTE_R_C		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000080)
#define HPTE_R_R		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000100)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_LO		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000e00)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_BIT2		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000800)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_BIT1		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000400)
#define HPTE_R_KEY_BIT0		ASM_CONST(0x0000000000000200)
#define HPTE_R_KEY		(HPTE_R_KEY_LO | HPTE_R_KEY_HI)

#define HPTE_V_1TB_SEG		ASM_CONST(0x4000000000000000)
#define HPTE_V_VRMA_MASK	ASM_CONST(0x4001ffffff000000)

/* Values for PP (assumes Ks=0, Kp=1) */
#define PP_RWXX	0	/* Supervisor read/write, User none */
#define PP_RWRX 1	/* Supervisor read/write, User read */
#define PP_RWRW 2	/* Supervisor read/write, User read/write */
#define PP_RXRX 3	/* Supervisor read,       User read */
#define PP_RXXX	(HPTE_R_PP0 | 2)	/* Supervisor read, user none */

/* Fields for tlbiel instruction in architecture 2.06 */
#define TLBIEL_INVAL_SEL_MASK	0xc00	/* invalidation selector */
#define  TLBIEL_INVAL_PAGE	0x000	/* invalidate a single page */
#define  TLBIEL_INVAL_SET_LPID	0x800	/* invalidate a set for current LPID */
#define  TLBIEL_INVAL_SET	0xc00	/* invalidate a set for all LPIDs */
#define TLBIEL_INVAL_SET_MASK	0xfff000	/* set number to inval. */
#define TLBIEL_INVAL_SET_SHIFT	12

#define POWER7_TLB_SETS		128	/* # sets in POWER7 TLB */
#define POWER8_TLB_SETS		512	/* # sets in POWER8 TLB */
#define POWER9_TLB_SETS_HASH	256	/* # sets in POWER9 TLB Hash mode */
#define POWER9_TLB_SETS_RADIX	128	/* # sets in POWER9 TLB Radix mode */

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

struct mmu_hash_ops {
	void            (*hpte_invalidate)(unsigned long slot,
					   unsigned long vpn,
					   int bpsize, int apsize,
					   int ssize, int local);
	long		(*hpte_updatepp)(unsigned long slot,
					 unsigned long newpp,
					 unsigned long vpn,
					 int bpsize, int apsize,
					 int ssize, unsigned long flags);
	void            (*hpte_updateboltedpp)(unsigned long newpp,
					       unsigned long ea,
					       int psize, int ssize);
	long		(*hpte_insert)(unsigned long hpte_group,
				       unsigned long vpn,
				       unsigned long prpn,
				       unsigned long rflags,
				       unsigned long vflags,
				       int psize, int apsize,
				       int ssize);
	long		(*hpte_remove)(unsigned long hpte_group);
	int             (*hpte_removebolted)(unsigned long ea,
					     int psize, int ssize);
	void		(*flush_hash_range)(unsigned long number, int local);
	void		(*hugepage_invalidate)(unsigned long vsid,
					       unsigned long addr,
					       unsigned char *hpte_slot_array,
					       int psize, int ssize, int local);
	int		(*resize_hpt)(unsigned long shift);
	/*
	 * Special for kexec.
	 * To be called in real mode with interrupts disabled. No locks are
	 * taken as such, concurrent access on pre POWER5 hardware could result
	 * in a deadlock.
	 * The linear mapping is destroyed as well.
	 */
	void		(*hpte_clear_all)(void);
};
extern struct mmu_hash_ops mmu_hash_ops;

struct hash_pte {
	__be64 v;
	__be64 r;
};

extern struct hash_pte *htab_address;
extern unsigned long htab_size_bytes;
extern unsigned long htab_hash_mask;


static inline int shift_to_mmu_psize(unsigned int shift)
{
	int psize;

	for (psize = 0; psize < MMU_PAGE_COUNT; ++psize)
		if (mmu_psize_defs[psize].shift == shift)
			return psize;
	return -1;
}

static inline unsigned int mmu_psize_to_shift(unsigned int mmu_psize)
{
	if (mmu_psize_defs[mmu_psize].shift)
		return mmu_psize_defs[mmu_psize].shift;
	BUG();
}

static inline unsigned int ap_to_shift(unsigned long ap)
{
	int psize;

	for (psize = 0; psize < MMU_PAGE_COUNT; psize++) {
		if (mmu_psize_defs[psize].ap == ap)
			return mmu_psize_defs[psize].shift;
	}

	return -1;
}

static inline unsigned long get_sllp_encoding(int psize)
{
	unsigned long sllp;

	sllp = ((mmu_psize_defs[psize].sllp & SLB_VSID_L) >> 6) |
		((mmu_psize_defs[psize].sllp & SLB_VSID_LP) >> 4);
	return sllp;
}

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

/*
 * Segment sizes.
 * These are the values used by hardware in the B field of
 * SLB entries and the first dword of MMU hashtable entries.
 * The B field is 2 bits; the values 2 and 3 are unused and reserved.
 */
#define MMU_SEGSIZE_256M	0
#define MMU_SEGSIZE_1T		1

/*
 * encode page number shift.
 * in order to fit the 78 bit va in a 64 bit variable we shift the va by
 * 12 bits. This enable us to address upto 76 bit va.
 * For hpt hash from a va we can ignore the page size bits of va and for
 * hpte encoding we ignore up to 23 bits of va. So ignoring lower 12 bits ensure
 * we work in all cases including 4k page size.
 */
#define VPN_SHIFT	12

/*
 * HPTE Large Page (LP) details
 */
#define LP_SHIFT	12
#define LP_BITS		8
#define LP_MASK(i)	((0xFF >> (i)) << LP_SHIFT)

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

static inline int slb_vsid_shift(int ssize)
{
	if (ssize == MMU_SEGSIZE_256M)
		return SLB_VSID_SHIFT;
	return SLB_VSID_SHIFT_1T;
}

static inline int segment_shift(int ssize)
{
	if (ssize == MMU_SEGSIZE_256M)
		return SID_SHIFT;
	return SID_SHIFT_1T;
}

/*
 * This array is indexed by the LP field of the HPTE second dword.
 * Since this field may contain some RPN bits, some entries are
 * replicated so that we get the same value irrespective of RPN.
 * The top 4 bits are the page size index (MMU_PAGE_*) for the
 * actual page size, the bottom 4 bits are the base page size.
 */
extern u8 hpte_page_sizes[1 << LP_BITS];

static inline unsigned long __hpte_page_size(unsigned long h, unsigned long l,
					     bool is_base_size)
{
	unsigned int i, lp;

	if (!(h & HPTE_V_LARGE))
		return 1ul << 12;

	/* Look at the 8 bit LP value */
	lp = (l >> LP_SHIFT) & ((1 << LP_BITS) - 1);
	i = hpte_page_sizes[lp];
	if (!i)
		return 0;
	if (!is_base_size)
		i >>= 4;
	return 1ul << mmu_psize_defs[i & 0xf].shift;
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_page_size(unsigned long h, unsigned long l)
{
	return __hpte_page_size(h, l, 0);
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_base_page_size(unsigned long h, unsigned long l)
{
	return __hpte_page_size(h, l, 1);
}

/*
 * The current system page and segment sizes
 */
extern int mmu_kernel_ssize;
extern int mmu_highuser_ssize;
extern u16 mmu_slb_size;
extern unsigned long tce_alloc_start, tce_alloc_end;

/*
 * If the processor supports 64k normal pages but not 64k cache
 * inhibited pages, we have to be prepared to switch processes
 * to use 4k pages when they create cache-inhibited mappings.
 * If this is the case, mmu_ci_restrictions will be set to 1.
 */
extern int mmu_ci_restrictions;

/*
 * This computes the AVPN and B fields of the first dword of a HPTE,
 * for use when we want to match an existing PTE.  The bottom 7 bits
 * of the returned value are zero.
 */
static inline unsigned long hpte_encode_avpn(unsigned long vpn, int psize,
					     int ssize)
{
	unsigned long v;
	/*
	 * The AVA field omits the low-order 23 bits of the 78 bits VA.
	 * These bits are not needed in the PTE, because the
	 * low-order b of these bits are part of the byte offset
	 * into the virtual page and, if b < 23, the high-order
	 * 23-b of these bits are always used in selecting the
	 * PTEGs to be searched
	 */
	v = (vpn >> (23 - VPN_SHIFT)) & ~(mmu_psize_defs[psize].avpnm);
	v <<= HPTE_V_AVPN_SHIFT;
	v |= ((unsigned long) ssize) << HPTE_V_SSIZE_SHIFT;
	return v;
}

/*
 * ISA v3.0 defines a new HPTE format, which differs from the old
 * format in having smaller AVPN and ARPN fields, and the B field
 * in the second dword instead of the first.
 */
static inline unsigned long hpte_old_to_new_v(unsigned long v)
{
	/* trim AVPN, drop B */
	return v & HPTE_V_COMMON_BITS;
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_old_to_new_r(unsigned long v, unsigned long r)
{
	/* move B field from 1st to 2nd dword, trim ARPN */
	return (r & ~HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_MASK) |
		(((v) >> HPTE_V_SSIZE_SHIFT) << HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_SHIFT);
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_new_to_old_v(unsigned long v, unsigned long r)
{
	/* insert B field */
	return (v & HPTE_V_COMMON_BITS) |
		((r & HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_MASK) <<
		 (HPTE_V_SSIZE_SHIFT - HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_SHIFT));
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_new_to_old_r(unsigned long r)
{
	/* clear out B field */
	return r & ~HPTE_R_3_0_SSIZE_MASK;
}

static inline unsigned long hpte_get_old_v(struct hash_pte *hptep)
{
	unsigned long hpte_v;

	hpte_v = be64_to_cpu(hptep->v);
	if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_ARCH_300))
		hpte_v = hpte_new_to_old_v(hpte_v, be64_to_cpu(hptep->r));
	return hpte_v;
}

/*
 * This function sets the AVPN and L fields of the HPTE  appropriately
 * using the base page size and actual page size.
 */
static inline unsigned long hpte_encode_v(unsigned long vpn, int base_psize,
					  int actual_psize, int ssize)
{
	unsigned long v;
	v = hpte_encode_avpn(vpn, base_psize, ssize);
	if (actual_psize != MMU_PAGE_4K)
		v |= HPTE_V_LARGE;
	return v;
}

/*
 * This function sets the ARPN, and LP fields of the HPTE appropriately
 * for the page size. We assume the pa is already "clean" that is properly
 * aligned for the requested page size
 */
static inline unsigned long hpte_encode_r(unsigned long pa, int base_psize,
					  int actual_psize)
{
	/* A 4K page needs no special encoding */
	if (actual_psize == MMU_PAGE_4K)
		return pa & HPTE_R_RPN;
	else {
		unsigned int penc = mmu_psize_defs[base_psize].penc[actual_psize];
		unsigned int shift = mmu_psize_defs[actual_psize].shift;
		return (pa & ~((1ul << shift) - 1)) | (penc << LP_SHIFT);
	}
}

/*
 * Build a VPN_SHIFT bit shifted va given VSID, EA and segment size.
 */
static inline unsigned long hpt_vpn(unsigned long ea,
				    unsigned long vsid, int ssize)
{
	unsigned long mask;
	int s_shift = segment_shift(ssize);

	mask = (1ul << (s_shift - VPN_SHIFT)) - 1;
	return (vsid << (s_shift - VPN_SHIFT)) | ((ea >> VPN_SHIFT) & mask);
}

/*
 * This hashes a virtual address
 */
static inline unsigned long hpt_hash(unsigned long vpn,
				     unsigned int shift, int ssize)
{
	unsigned long mask;
	unsigned long hash, vsid;

	/* VPN_SHIFT can be atmost 12 */
	if (ssize == MMU_SEGSIZE_256M) {
		mask = (1ul << (SID_SHIFT - VPN_SHIFT)) - 1;
		hash = (vpn >> (SID_SHIFT - VPN_SHIFT)) ^
			((vpn & mask) >> (shift - VPN_SHIFT));
	} else {
		mask = (1ul << (SID_SHIFT_1T - VPN_SHIFT)) - 1;
		vsid = vpn >> (SID_SHIFT_1T - VPN_SHIFT);
		hash = vsid ^ (vsid << 25) ^
			((vpn & mask) >> (shift - VPN_SHIFT)) ;
	}
	return hash & 0x7fffffffffUL;
}

#define HPTE_LOCAL_UPDATE	0x1
#define HPTE_NOHPTE_UPDATE	0x2
#define HPTE_USE_KERNEL_KEY	0x4

long hpte_insert_repeating(unsigned long hash, unsigned long vpn, unsigned long pa,
			   unsigned long rlags, unsigned long vflags, int psize, int ssize);
extern int __hash_page_4K(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access,
			  unsigned long vsid, pte_t *ptep, unsigned long trap,
			  unsigned long flags, int ssize, int subpage_prot);
extern int __hash_page_64K(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access,
			   unsigned long vsid, pte_t *ptep, unsigned long trap,
			   unsigned long flags, int ssize);
struct mm_struct;
unsigned int hash_page_do_lazy_icache(unsigned int pp, pte_t pte, int trap);
extern int hash_page_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long ea,
			unsigned long access, unsigned long trap,
			unsigned long flags);
extern int hash_page(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access, unsigned long trap,
		     unsigned long dsisr);
void low_hash_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, int rc);
int __hash_page(unsigned long trap, unsigned long ea, unsigned long dsisr, unsigned long msr);
int __hash_page_huge(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access, unsigned long vsid,
		     pte_t *ptep, unsigned long trap, unsigned long flags,
		     int ssize, unsigned int shift, unsigned int mmu_psize);
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
extern int __hash_page_thp(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access,
			   unsigned long vsid, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long trap,
			   unsigned long flags, int ssize, unsigned int psize);
#else
static inline int __hash_page_thp(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access,
				  unsigned long vsid, pmd_t *pmdp,
				  unsigned long trap, unsigned long flags,
				  int ssize, unsigned int psize)
{
	BUG();
	return -1;
}
#endif
extern void hash_failure_debug(unsigned long ea, unsigned long access,
			       unsigned long vsid, unsigned long trap,
			       int ssize, int psize, int lpsize,
			       unsigned long pte);
extern int htab_bolt_mapping(unsigned long vstart, unsigned long vend,
			     unsigned long pstart, unsigned long prot,
			     int psize, int ssize);
int htab_remove_mapping(unsigned long vstart, unsigned long vend,
			int psize, int ssize);
extern void pseries_add_gpage(u64 addr, u64 page_size, unsigned long number_of_pages);
extern void demote_segment_4k(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr);

extern void hash__setup_new_exec(void);

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_PSERIES
void hpte_init_pseries(void);
#else
static inline void hpte_init_pseries(void) { }
#endif

extern void hpte_init_native(void);

struct slb_entry {
	u64	esid;
	u64	vsid;
};

extern void slb_initialize(void);
void slb_flush_and_restore_bolted(void);
void slb_flush_all_realmode(void);
void __slb_restore_bolted_realmode(void);
void slb_restore_bolted_realmode(void);
void slb_save_contents(struct slb_entry *slb_ptr);
void slb_dump_contents(struct slb_entry *slb_ptr);

extern void slb_vmalloc_update(void);
void preload_new_slb_context(unsigned long start, unsigned long sp);

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_64S_HASH_MMU
void slb_set_size(u16 size);
#else
static inline void slb_set_size(u16 size) { }
#endif

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

/*
 * VSID allocation (256MB segment)
 *
 * We first generate a 37-bit "proto-VSID". Proto-VSIDs are generated
 * from mmu context id and effective segment id of the address.
 *
 * For user processes max context id is limited to MAX_USER_CONTEXT.
 * more details in get_user_context
 *
 * For kernel space get_kernel_context
 *
 * The proto-VSIDs are then scrambled into real VSIDs with the
 * multiplicative hash:
 *
 *	VSID = (proto-VSID * VSID_MULTIPLIER) % VSID_MODULUS
 *
 * VSID_MULTIPLIER is prime, so in particular it is
 * co-prime to VSID_MODULUS, making this a 1:1 scrambling function.
 * Because the modulus is 2^n-1 we can compute it efficiently without
 * a divide or extra multiply (see below). The scramble function gives
 * robust scattering in the hash table (at least based on some initial
 * results).
 *
 * We use VSID 0 to indicate an invalid VSID. The means we can't use context id
 * 0, because a context id of 0 and an EA of 0 gives a proto-VSID of 0, which
 * will produce a VSID of 0.
 *
 * We also need to avoid the last segment of the last context, because that
 * would give a protovsid of 0x1fffffffff. That will result in a VSID 0
 * because of the modulo operation in vsid scramble.
 */

/*
 * Max Va bits we support as of now is 68 bits. We want 19 bit
 * context ID.
 * Restrictions:
 * GPU has restrictions of not able to access beyond 128TB
 * (47 bit effective address). We also cannot do more than 20bit PID.
 * For p4 and p5 which can only do 65 bit VA, we restrict our CONTEXT_BITS
 * to 16 bits (ie, we can only have 2^16 pids at the same time).
 */
#define VA_BITS			68
#define CONTEXT_BITS		19
#define ESID_BITS		(VA_BITS - (SID_SHIFT + CONTEXT_BITS))
#define ESID_BITS_1T		(VA_BITS - (SID_SHIFT_1T + CONTEXT_BITS))

#define ESID_BITS_MASK		((1 << ESID_BITS) - 1)
#define ESID_BITS_1T_MASK	((1 << ESID_BITS_1T) - 1)

/*
 * Now certain config support MAX_PHYSMEM more than 512TB. Hence we will need
 * to use more than one context for linear mapping the kernel.
 * For vmalloc and memmap, we use just one context with 512TB. With 64 byte
 * struct page size, we need ony 32 TB in memmap for 2PB (51 bits (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS)).
 */
#if (H_MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS > MAX_EA_BITS_PER_CONTEXT)
#define MAX_KERNEL_CTX_CNT	(1UL << (H_MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - MAX_EA_BITS_PER_CONTEXT))
#else
#define MAX_KERNEL_CTX_CNT	1
#endif

#define MAX_VMALLOC_CTX_CNT	1
#define MAX_IO_CTX_CNT		1
#define MAX_VMEMMAP_CTX_CNT	1

/*
 * 256MB segment
 * The proto-VSID space has 2^(CONTEX_BITS + ESID_BITS) - 1 segments
 * available for user + kernel mapping. VSID 0 is reserved as invalid, contexts
 * 1-4 are used for kernel mapping. Each segment contains 2^28 bytes. Each
 * context maps 2^49 bytes (512TB).
 *
 * We also need to avoid the last segment of the last context, because that
 * would give a protovsid of 0x1fffffffff. That will result in a VSID 0
 * because of the modulo operation in vsid scramble.
 *
 */
#define MAX_USER_CONTEXT	((ASM_CONST(1) << CONTEXT_BITS) - 2)

// The + 2 accounts for INVALID_REGION and 1 more to avoid overlap with kernel
#define MIN_USER_CONTEXT	(MAX_KERNEL_CTX_CNT + MAX_VMALLOC_CTX_CNT + \
				 MAX_IO_CTX_CNT + MAX_VMEMMAP_CTX_CNT + 2)

/*
 * For platforms that support on 65bit VA we limit the context bits
 */
#define MAX_USER_CONTEXT_65BIT_VA ((ASM_CONST(1) << (65 - (SID_SHIFT + ESID_BITS))) - 2)

/*
 * This should be computed such that protovosid * vsid_mulitplier
 * doesn't overflow 64 bits. The vsid_mutliplier should also be
 * co-prime to vsid_modulus. We also need to make sure that number
 * of bits in multiplied result (dividend) is less than twice the number of
 * protovsid bits for our modulus optmization to work.
 *
 * The below table shows the current values used.
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+-------------------|
 * |       | Prime Bits | proto VSID_BITS_65VA | Total Bits | 2* prot VSID_BITS |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+-------------------|
 * | 1T    |         24 |                   25 |         49 |                50 |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+-------------------|
 * | 256MB |         24 |                   37 |         61 |                74 |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+-------------------|
 *
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+--------------------|
 * |       | Prime Bits | proto VSID_BITS_68VA | Total Bits | 2* proto VSID_BITS |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+--------------------|
 * | 1T    |         24 |                   28 |         52 |                 56 |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+--------------------|
 * | 256MB |         24 |                   40 |         64 |                 80 |
 * |-------+------------+----------------------+------------+--------------------|
 *
 */
#define VSID_MULTIPLIER_256M	ASM_CONST(12538073)	/* 24-bit prime */
#define VSID_BITS_256M		(VA_BITS - SID_SHIFT)
#define VSID_BITS_65_256M	(65 - SID_SHIFT)
/*
 * Modular multiplicative inverse of VSID_MULTIPLIER under modulo VSID_MODULUS
 */
#define VSID_MULINV_256M	ASM_CONST(665548017062)

#define VSID_MULTIPLIER_1T	ASM_CONST(12538073)	/* 24-bit prime */
#define VSID_BITS_1T		(VA_BITS - SID_SHIFT_1T)
#define VSID_BITS_65_1T		(65 - SID_SHIFT_1T)
#define VSID_MULINV_1T		ASM_CONST(209034062)

/* 1TB VSID reserved for VRMA */
#define VRMA_VSID	0x1ffffffUL
#define USER_VSID_RANGE	(1UL << (ESID_BITS + SID_SHIFT))

/* 4 bits per slice and we have one slice per 1TB */
#define SLICE_ARRAY_SIZE	(H_PGTABLE_RANGE >> 41)
#define LOW_SLICE_ARRAY_SZ	(BITS_PER_LONG / BITS_PER_BYTE)
#define TASK_SLICE_ARRAY_SZ(x)	((x)->hash_context->slb_addr_limit >> 41)
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_SUBPAGE_PROT
/*
 * For the sub-page protection option, we extend the PGD with one of
 * these.  Basically we have a 3-level tree, with the top level being
 * the protptrs array.  To optimize speed and memory consumption when
 * only addresses < 4GB are being protected, pointers to the first
 * four pages of sub-page protection words are stored in the low_prot
 * array.
 * Each page of sub-page protection words protects 1GB (4 bytes
 * protects 64k).  For the 3-level tree, each page of pointers then
 * protects 8TB.
 */
struct subpage_prot_table {
	unsigned long maxaddr;	/* only addresses < this are protected */
	unsigned int **protptrs[(TASK_SIZE_USER64 >> 43)];
	unsigned int *low_prot[4];
};

#define SBP_L1_BITS		(PAGE_SHIFT - 2)
#define SBP_L2_BITS		(PAGE_SHIFT - 3)
#define SBP_L1_COUNT		(1 << SBP_L1_BITS)
#define SBP_L2_COUNT		(1 << SBP_L2_BITS)
#define SBP_L2_SHIFT		(PAGE_SHIFT + SBP_L1_BITS)
#define SBP_L3_SHIFT		(SBP_L2_SHIFT + SBP_L2_BITS)

extern void subpage_prot_free(struct mm_struct *mm);
#else
static inline void subpage_prot_free(struct mm_struct *mm) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_SUBPAGE_PROT */

/*
 * One bit per slice. We have lower slices which cover 256MB segments
 * upto 4G range. That gets us 16 low slices. For the rest we track slices
 * in 1TB size.
 */
struct slice_mask {
	u64 low_slices;
	DECLARE_BITMAP(high_slices, SLICE_NUM_HIGH);
};

struct hash_mm_context {
	u16 user_psize; /* page size index */

	/* SLB page size encodings*/
	unsigned char low_slices_psize[LOW_SLICE_ARRAY_SZ];
	unsigned char high_slices_psize[SLICE_ARRAY_SIZE];
	unsigned long slb_addr_limit;
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_64K_PAGES
	struct slice_mask mask_64k;
#endif
	struct slice_mask mask_4k;
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
	struct slice_mask mask_16m;
	struct slice_mask mask_16g;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_SUBPAGE_PROT
	struct subpage_prot_table *spt;
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_SUBPAGE_PROT */
};

#if 0
/*
 * The code below is equivalent to this function for arguments
 * < 2^VSID_BITS, which is all this should ever be called
 * with.  However gcc is not clever enough to compute the
 * modulus (2^n-1) without a second multiply.
 */
#define vsid_scramble(protovsid, size) \
	((((protovsid) * VSID_MULTIPLIER_##size) % VSID_MODULUS_##size))

/* simplified form avoiding mod operation */
#define vsid_scramble(protovsid, size) \
	({								 \
		unsigned long x;					 \
		x = (protovsid) * VSID_MULTIPLIER_##size;		 \
		x = (x >> VSID_BITS_##size) + (x & VSID_MODULUS_##size); \
		(x + ((x+1) >> VSID_BITS_##size)) & VSID_MODULUS_##size; \
	})

#else /* 1 */
static inline unsigned long vsid_scramble(unsigned long protovsid,
				  unsigned long vsid_multiplier, int vsid_bits)
{
	unsigned long vsid;
	unsigned long vsid_modulus = ((1UL << vsid_bits) - 1);
	/*
	 * We have same multipler for both 256 and 1T segements now
	 */
	vsid = protovsid * vsid_multiplier;
	vsid = (vsid >> vsid_bits) + (vsid & vsid_modulus);
	return (vsid + ((vsid + 1) >> vsid_bits)) & vsid_modulus;
}

#endif /* 1 */

/* Returns the segment size indicator for a user address */
static inline int user_segment_size(unsigned long addr)
{
	/* Use 1T segments if possible for addresses >= 1T */
	if (addr >= (1UL << SID_SHIFT_1T))
		return mmu_highuser_ssize;
	return MMU_SEGSIZE_256M;
}

static inline unsigned long get_vsid(unsigned long context, unsigned long ea,
				     int ssize)
{
	unsigned long va_bits = VA_BITS;
	unsigned long vsid_bits;
	unsigned long protovsid;

	/*
	 * Bad address. We return VSID 0 for that
	 */
	if ((ea & EA_MASK)  >= H_PGTABLE_RANGE)
		return 0;

	if (!mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_68_BIT_VA))
		va_bits = 65;

	if (ssize == MMU_SEGSIZE_256M) {
		vsid_bits = va_bits - SID_SHIFT;
		protovsid = (context << ESID_BITS) |
			((ea >> SID_SHIFT) & ESID_BITS_MASK);
		return vsid_scramble(protovsid, VSID_MULTIPLIER_256M, vsid_bits);
	}
	/* 1T segment */
	vsid_bits = va_bits - SID_SHIFT_1T;
	protovsid = (context << ESID_BITS_1T) |
		((ea >> SID_SHIFT_1T) & ESID_BITS_1T_MASK);
	return vsid_scramble(protovsid, VSID_MULTIPLIER_1T, vsid_bits);
}

/*
 * For kernel space, we use context ids as
 * below. Range is 512TB per context.
 *
 * 0x00001 -  [ 0xc000000000000000 - 0xc001ffffffffffff]
 * 0x00002 -  [ 0xc002000000000000 - 0xc003ffffffffffff]
 * 0x00003 -  [ 0xc004000000000000 - 0xc005ffffffffffff]
 * 0x00004 -  [ 0xc006000000000000 - 0xc007ffffffffffff]
 *
 * vmap, IO, vmemap
 *
 * 0x00005 -  [ 0xc008000000000000 - 0xc009ffffffffffff]
 * 0x00006 -  [ 0xc00a000000000000 - 0xc00bffffffffffff]
 * 0x00007 -  [ 0xc00c000000000000 - 0xc00dffffffffffff]
 *
 */
static inline unsigned long get_kernel_context(unsigned long ea)
{
	unsigned long region_id = get_region_id(ea);
	unsigned long ctx;
	/*
	 * Depending on Kernel config, kernel region can have one context
	 * or more.
	 */
	if (region_id == LINEAR_MAP_REGION_ID) {
		/*
		 * We already verified ea to be not beyond the addr limit.
		 */
		ctx =  1 + ((ea & EA_MASK) >> MAX_EA_BITS_PER_CONTEXT);
	} else
		ctx = region_id + MAX_KERNEL_CTX_CNT - 1;
	return ctx;
}

/*
 * This is only valid for addresses >= PAGE_OFFSET
 */
static inline unsigned long get_kernel_vsid(unsigned long ea, int ssize)
{
	unsigned long context;

	if (!is_kernel_addr(ea))
		return 0;

	context = get_kernel_context(ea);
	return get_vsid(context, ea, ssize);
}

unsigned htab_shift_for_mem_size(unsigned long mem_size);

enum slb_index {
	LINEAR_INDEX	= 0, /* Kernel linear map  (0xc000000000000000) */
	KSTACK_INDEX	= 1, /* Kernel stack map */
};

#define slb_esid_mask(ssize)	\
	(((ssize) == MMU_SEGSIZE_256M) ? ESID_MASK : ESID_MASK_1T)

static inline unsigned long mk_esid_data(unsigned long ea, int ssize,
					 enum slb_index index)
{
	return (ea & slb_esid_mask(ssize)) | SLB_ESID_V | index;
}

static inline unsigned long __mk_vsid_data(unsigned long vsid, int ssize,
					   unsigned long flags)
{
	return (vsid << slb_vsid_shift(ssize)) | flags |
		((unsigned long)ssize << SLB_VSID_SSIZE_SHIFT);
}

static inline unsigned long mk_vsid_data(unsigned long ea, int ssize,
					 unsigned long flags)
{
	return __mk_vsid_data(get_kernel_vsid(ea, ssize), ssize, flags);
}

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_MMU_HASH_H_ */
¿Qué es la limpieza dental de perros? - Clínica veterinaria


Es la eliminación del sarro y la placa adherida a la superficie de los dientes mediante un equipo de ultrasonidos que garantiza la integridad de las piezas dentales a la vez que elimina en profundidad cualquier resto de suciedad.

A continuación se procede al pulido de los dientes mediante una fresa especial que elimina la placa bacteriana y devuelve a los dientes el aspecto sano que deben tener.

Una vez terminado todo el proceso, se mantiene al perro en observación hasta que se despierta de la anestesia, bajo la atenta supervisión de un veterinario.

¿Cada cuánto tiempo tengo que hacerle una limpieza dental a mi perro?

A partir de cierta edad, los perros pueden necesitar una limpieza dental anual o bianual. Depende de cada caso. En líneas generales, puede decirse que los perros de razas pequeñas suelen acumular más sarro y suelen necesitar una atención mayor en cuanto a higiene dental.


Riesgos de una mala higiene


Los riesgos más evidentes de una mala higiene dental en los perros son los siguientes:

  • Cuando la acumulación de sarro no se trata, se puede producir una inflamación y retracción de las encías que puede descalzar el diente y provocar caídas.
  • Mal aliento (halitosis).
  • Sarro perros
  • Puede ir a más
  • Las bacterias de la placa pueden trasladarse a través del torrente circulatorio a órganos vitales como el corazón ocasionando problemas de endocarditis en las válvulas. Las bacterias pueden incluso acantonarse en huesos (La osteomielitis es la infección ósea, tanto cortical como medular) provocando mucho dolor y una artritis séptica).

¿Cómo se forma el sarro?

El sarro es la calcificación de la placa dental. Los restos de alimentos, junto con las bacterias presentes en la boca, van a formar la placa bacteriana o placa dental. Si la placa no se retira, al mezclarse con la saliva y los minerales presentes en ella, reaccionará formando una costra. La placa se calcifica y se forma el sarro.

El sarro, cuando se forma, es de color blanquecino pero a medida que pasa el tiempo se va poniendo amarillo y luego marrón.

Síntomas de una pobre higiene dental
La señal más obvia de una mala salud dental canina es el mal aliento.

Sin embargo, a veces no es tan fácil de detectar
Y hay perros que no se dejan abrir la boca por su dueño. Por ejemplo…

Recientemente nos trajeron a la clínica a un perro que parpadeaba de un ojo y decía su dueño que le picaba un lado de la cara. Tenía molestias y dificultad para comer, lo que había llevado a sus dueños a comprarle comida blanda (que suele ser un poco más cara y llevar más contenido en grasa) durante medio año. Después de una exploración oftalmológica, nos dimos cuenta de que el ojo tenía una úlcera en la córnea probablemente de rascarse . Además, el canto lateral del ojo estaba inflamado. Tenía lo que en humanos llamamos flemón pero como era un perro de pelo largo, no se le notaba a simple vista. Al abrirle la boca nos llamó la atención el ver una muela llena de sarro. Le realizamos una radiografía y encontramos una fístula que llegaba hasta la parte inferior del ojo.

Le tuvimos que extraer la muela. Tras esto, el ojo se curó completamente con unos colirios y una lentilla protectora de úlcera. Afortunadamente, la úlcera no profundizó y no perforó el ojo. Ahora el perro come perfectamente a pesar de haber perdido una muela.

¿Cómo mantener la higiene dental de tu perro?
Hay varias maneras de prevenir problemas derivados de la salud dental de tu perro.

Limpiezas de dientes en casa
Es recomendable limpiar los dientes de tu perro semanal o diariamente si se puede. Existe una gran variedad de productos que se pueden utilizar:

Pastas de dientes.
Cepillos de dientes o dedales para el dedo índice, que hacen más fácil la limpieza.
Colutorios para echar en agua de bebida o directamente sobre el diente en líquido o en spray.

En la Clínica Tus Veterinarios enseñamos a nuestros clientes a tomar el hábito de limpiar los dientes de sus perros desde que son cachorros. Esto responde a nuestro compromiso con la prevención de enfermedades caninas.

Hoy en día tenemos muchos clientes que limpian los dientes todos los días a su mascota, y como resultado, se ahorran el dinero de hacer limpiezas dentales profesionales y consiguen una mejor salud de su perro.


Limpiezas dentales profesionales de perros y gatos

Recomendamos hacer una limpieza dental especializada anualmente. La realizamos con un aparato de ultrasonidos que utiliza agua para quitar el sarro. Después, procedemos a pulir los dientes con un cepillo de alta velocidad y una pasta especial. Hacemos esto para proteger el esmalte.

La frecuencia de limpiezas dentales necesaria varía mucho entre razas. En general, las razas grandes tienen buena calidad de esmalte, por lo que no necesitan hacerlo tan a menudo e incluso pueden pasarse la vida sin requerir una limpieza. Sin embargo, razas pequeñas como el Yorkshire o el Maltés, deben hacérselas todos los años desde cachorros si se quiere conservar sus piezas dentales.

Otro factor fundamental es la calidad del pienso. Algunas marcas han diseñado croquetas que limpian la superficie del diente y de la muela al masticarse.

Ultrasonido para perros

¿Se necesita anestesia para las limpiezas dentales de perros y gatos?

La limpieza dental en perros no es una técnica que pueda practicarse sin anestesia general , aunque hay veces que los propietarios no quieren anestesiar y si tiene poco sarro y el perro es muy bueno se puede intentar…… , pero no se va a poder pulir ni acceder a todas la zona de la boca …. Además los limpiadores dentales van a irrigar agua y hay riesgo de aspiración a vías respiratorias si no se realiza una anestesia correcta con intubación traqueal . En resumen , sin anestesia no se va hacer una correcta limpieza dental.

Tampoco sirve la sedación ya que necesitamos que el animal esté totalmente quieto, y el veterinario tenga un acceso completo a todas sus piezas dentales y encías.

Alimentos para la limpieza dental

Hay que tener cierto cuidado a la hora de comprar determinados alimentos porque no todos son saludables. Algunos tienen demasiado contenido graso, que en exceso puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y obesidad.

Los mejores alimentos para los dientes son aquellos que están elaborados por empresas farmacéuticas y llevan componentes químicos con tratamientos específicos para el diente del perro. Esto implica no solo limpieza a través de la acción mecánica de morder sino también un tratamiento antibacteriano para prevenir el sarro.

Conclusión

Si eres como la mayoría de dueños, por falta de tiempo , es probable que no estés prestando la suficiente atención a la limpieza dental de tu perro. Por eso te animamos a que comiences a limpiar los dientes de tu perro y consideres atender a su higiene bucal con frecuencia.

Estas simples medidas pueden conllevar a que tu perro tenga una vida más larga y mucho más saludable.

Si te resulta imposible introducir un cepillo de dientes a tu perro en la boca, pásate con él por clínica Tus Veterinarios y te explicamos cómo hacerlo.

Necesitas hacer una limpieza dental profesional a tu mascota?
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